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Biomedical subjects

M A Jones

Publications and source records attributed to M A Jones.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Isolated cerebellar metastasis from ovarian carcinoma. Case report and review of the literature.

Isolated cerebellar metastasis from ovarian cancer is a very rare entity with only one other reported case in the literature. We report an additional case. This patient had a single 3 x 3 cm cerebellar lesion that was removed revealing metastatic papillary carcinoma consistent with a known ovarian primary. We also present a review of the literature concerning central nervous system (CNS) metastases from ovarian cancer and the various methods of treatment currently being used. Current literature suggests that patients with isolated resectable lesions should be managed surgically.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Calcitonin gene-related peptide and corneal innervation: a developmental study in the rat.

The development of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like immunoreactive (CGRP-LI) nerves was studied in neonatal and adult rat corneas stained immunohistochemically according to an avidin biotin peroxidase procedure. At birth, rat corneas already contained dense plexuses of CGRP-LI nerve fibers. Most of the nerves entered the cornea in 12-15 prominent stromal nerve bundles located at regular intervals around the circumference of the cornea. Fibers in these bundles entered the epithelium approximately midway between the limbus and the center of the cornea and supplied extensive central and pericentral areas of the tissue. In addition, smaller numbers of axons entered the cornea individually and in small fascicles located in between the larger bundles and supplied mainly peripheral territory. In the epithelium, the CGRP-LI nerves formed a complex, highly anastomotic meshwork that ramified uniformly throughout central and peripheral areas of the tissues. Fibers in the plexus gave origin to numerous short, stout terminal axons that extended into the adjacent epithelium in all directions with no preferred orientation. During the first week of neonatal life, several changes in CGRP-LI innervation occurred: 1) the innervation density of the central and pericentral cornea increased relative to the peripheral cornea; 2) intraepithelial axons became progressively longer, increased in branching complexity, and oriented preferentially towards the center of the cornea; and 3) a dense innervation of the corneoscleral limbus and, in particular, the branches of the marginal artery, developed. Midway through the second week of life, immature versions of corneal epithelial "leashes," the dominant feature of the adult corneal innervation, were first observed. Over the next 10 days, the leash formations in the central and pericentral cornea gradually became more complex and gave rise to greater numbers of terminal axons, compared to developing leashes in the peripheral cornea. The mature pattern of corneal CGRP-LI innervation was reached on day 21 and remained constant (except for compensatory growth-related elongation of axons) for at least the first 6 months of life. Transection of the ophthalmomaxillary nerve or neonatal administration of the sensory neurotoxin capsaicin resulted in the total loss of CGRP-LI staining from the cornea. In contrast, removal of the superior cervical ganglion had no effect on corneal CGRP-LI staining. The extraordinary density and complexity of the CGRP-LI innervation of the rat cornea demonstrated at all stages of development in this study suggests that these nerves may play important roles in corneal sensory, reflex, and trophic functions.

Aging↗
PubMed1991

DNA histogram debris theory and compensation.

In this paper we describe a theory of DNA histogram debris generation and compensation that can be applied to paraffin-embedded frozen tissue preparations. The theory predicts the distribution of fragments generated from single and multiple random sectioning of three-dimensional ellipsoids representing nuclei. The fragment distribution is assumed to be a major component of the underlying debris in DNA histograms. A comparison of S-phase fractions (SPF) from matched tissue prepared by frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded DNA methods demonstrates the usefulness of the theory.

Cell Cycle↗
PubMed1991

Rabbit blastocysts accumulate [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate in vitro.

Day-6 rabbit blastocysts were able to accumulate [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB) from their environment. This accumulation was reduced approximately 50% in the presence of 1.5 x 10(-4) M atropine (an accepted antagonist for ligands which bind to muscarinic cholinergic receptors). The accumulation of QNB was sensitive to temperature and was apparently saturable. In the presence of 2 nM QNB, Day-6 blastocysts accumulated 30.3 +/- 2.0 fmoles per blastocyst. When the cellular elements alone were examined, lesser amounts of specific binding were detected. Owing to the complexity of this multicompartmental system, Scatchard analysis did not provide meaningful results. This accumulation appears higher than that reported for other tissues such as rabbit heart homogenates or rabbit uterine endometrial cells. This muscarinic cholinergic accumulation may have some roll in blastocyst-maternal recognition.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

A discrete-time model with vaccination for a measles epidemic.

A discrete-time, age-independent SIR-type epidemic model is formulated and analyzed. The effects of vaccination are also included in the model. Three mathematically important properties are verified for the model: solutions are nonnegative, the population size is time-invariant, and the epidemic concludes with all individuals either remaining susceptible or becoming immune (a property typical of SIR models). The model is applied to a measles epidemic on a university campus. The simulated results are in good agreement with the actual data if it is assumed that the population mixes nonhomogeneously. The results of the simulations indicate that a rate of immunity greater than 98% may be required to prevent an epidemic in a university population. The model has applications to other contagious diseases of SIR type. Furthermore, the simulated results of the model can easily be compared to data, and the effects of a vaccination program can be examined.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Flow cytometric DNA analysis versus cytology in the evaluation of peritoneal fluids.

The use of flow cytometric DNA analysis as an adjunct to cytology in peritoneal fluid evaluation was studied. One hundred ninety-five fluids from 193 gynecologic patients were subjected to both DNA analysis and cytologic examination. It was found that 117/195 (60%) had invasive malignancies (50 ovarian, 48 endometrial, 17 cervical, and 2 miscellaneous); 34/117 (28%) patients with malignancies were positive by cytology, and 10/117 (8.5%) were positive (aneuploid) by DNA analysis. Of 34 cytologically positive cases, 7 (21%) were DNA positive, 25 (74%) were DNA negative, and in 2 (6%) insufficient cells were obtained. Only 3 fluids (3%) from malignancies were positive by flow cytometry and negative by cytology (1 stage I ovarian cancer, 1 stage I endometrial cancer, and 1 stage III ovarian cancer). No false-positive cytology and one probable false-positive flow result was obtained. If only those patients with histologically documented peritoneal involvement are considered, 29/43 (65%) had positive cytology and 8/43 (19%) had a positive flow result. We conclude that: (1) the high false-negative rate of flow cytometry (79%) versus cytology in this study may be related to a high percentage of diploid cancers, specimen preparation, or histogram interpretation, and (2) flow cytometry rarely adds to cytologic evaluation and is probably best reserved for use only in selected cases.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1991

Extragenital malignant mixed müllerian tumor: review of the literature.

A case of extragenital malignant mixed mullerian tumor (MMMT) of the heterologous type 11 years after treatment of a Stage I ovarian neoplasm in a 65-year-old patient is described. There was no evidence of a histologic relationship between these two neoplasms. This case represents the 10th report of an extragenital MMMT. The medical literature and histogenesis of this rare tumor are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine presenting as a pelvic mass: four cases.

Four patients with leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine who presented with a pelvic mass are reviewed. The tumors had clinical and radiographic features resembling ovarian neoplasms. These patients develop sizable tumors and, yet, have relatively few symptoms which would necessarily direct the physician to the intestine as the site of origin. The clinicopathologic features and management of these tumors are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Endometrial adenocarcinoma with a component of giant cell carcinoma.

We report six high-grade endometrial adenocarcinomas with a malignant giant cell component. The patients ranged in age from 43 to 85 years (mean 65); five were postmenopausal. All the patients presented with vaginal bleeding. The tumors all had a giant cell component that was composed of poorly cohesive sheets and nests of bizarre multinucleated giant cells admixed with an approximately equal number of mononucleate tumor cells. A sarcomatoid pattern and a marked inflammatory infiltrate were each present in three cases. All the tumors contained at least focal areas of endometrial adenocarcinoma of one of the usual types. Occasional malignant giant cells were positive for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3 or CAM 5.2) and epithelial membrane antigen in all three tumors tested. Three tumors were in stage I, one stage III and two stage IV. Two of the patients with stage I disease (each with superficial myometrial invasion) were alive and well 6 and 2 years later. Of the remaining four patients, three died of disease 2.5 years, 6 months, and 5 months after presentation, and one was alive with extensive abdominal disease after 1 year. Giant cell carcinoma of the endometrium is an aggressive tumor that should be distinguished from other endometrial tumors with a prominent giant cell component, including trophoblastic tumors, certain primary sarcomas, and malignant mixed müllerian tumors. It is imperative that malignant giant cells and non-neoplastic giant cells not be confused, as is possible in a curettage or biopsy specimen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Diffuse laminar endocervical glandular hyperplasia. A benign lesion often confused with adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma).

We report seven examples of a hitherto undescribed pseudoneoplastic glandular lesion of the uterine cervix that we have designated "diffuse laminar endocervical glandular hyperplasia." The patients ranged in age from 22 to 48 (mean 37) years. Only one of them had a history of hormone intake. All the lesions were incidental findings in hysterectomy specimens performed for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (five cases) or symptomatic leiomyomas (two cases). Microscopic examination revealed a proliferation of moderate-sized, evenly spaced, differentiated endocervical glands within the inner one-third of the cervical wall, sharply demarcated from the underlying cervical stroma. Reactive atypia was seen in some cases but significant cytologic atypia was absent. A marked inflammatory response was present in five of the seven cases. The main consideration in differential diagnosis was adenoma malignum (minimal deviation adenocarcinoma). Major features that helped in this distinction were a lack of irregular stromal infiltration and a desmoplastic stromal response, and an absence of focal malignant cytologic features. Follow-up for an average of 6.5 years in five of the seven cases was uneventful.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

FMS (CSF-1 receptor) and CSF-1 transcripts and protein are expressed by human breast carcinomas in vivo and in vitro.

The expression in vivo of FMS transcripts and antigen by neoplastic epithelial cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization in sixteen of seventeen human breast carcinoma specimens and one case of sclerosing adenosis. Expression of CSF-1 receptor (FMS) transcripts and protein was also observed in vitro in two or three breast carcinoma-derived cell lines and was dramatically increased by dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid and inducer of mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Immunohistochemical staining with an anti-CSF-1 antibody identified neoplastic epithelial cell co-expression of fms and CSF-1 antigens in more than one-third of the fms-positive invasive carcinoma specimens. These results suggest that autocrine and paracrine interactions of the lymphohematopoietic cytokine CSF-1 and its receptor may participate in the biology of human mammary neoplasms.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1991

AIDS knowledge and risk behaviors among culturally diverse women.

This article reports results from a survey of women at risk for HIV infection. The sample (n = 620) included black (50.6%), white (28.7%), Hispanic (13.4%), and Haitian (5.0%) adult women from south Florida. Data concerning their AIDS knowledge, prevalence of risk behaviors, and perceived vulnerability are presented. Results indicate differences in certain knowledge areas and risk behaviors by race/ethnicity and a consistent incidence of unprotected sex with their main partners across all racial/ethnic groups.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Interferon-gamma alters expression of endothelial cell-surface glycosphingolipids.

Our previous work on human endothelial cell (EC) glycosphingolipids (GSLs) demonstrated that these cells contain a large diversity of GSLs, predominantly with lacto core structures. In order to evaluate the role of GSLs as EC antigens and receptors, we investigated their cell-surface expression on confluent EC monolayers and ECs activated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-1 (IL-1). IFN-gamma activation of endothelial cells resulted in a small change in GSL composition, but greatly increased surface expression of gangliosides and decreased surface expression of neutral GSLs. In particular, surface expression of the major neutral GSL, globoside, decreased three- to fourfold as measured both by galactose oxidase labeling and by binding of the anti-globoside monoclonal antibody 9G7. IFN-gamma did not significantly alter the total cell content of globoside, as measured by metabolic labeling, but rather altered the ratio of accessible cell surface to intracellular globoside. Two mechanisms appear to contribute to the decreased cell-surface globoside expression. IFN-gamma treatment increased the relative proportion of intracellular globoside which is associated with the cell cytoskeleton. IFN-gamma treatment also caused more of the cell-surface globoside to be inaccessible to antibody, and both neuraminidase and trypsin treatment of the cells increased globoside accessibility. IL-1 treatment increased total cell GSL content, but did not alter GSL composition or cell-surface binding by six anti-carbohydrate antibodies. The specific modulation of cell-surface GSLs by IFN-gamma suggests that GSLs may play a role in the altered adhesive and receptor activities of IFN-gamma-activated ECs.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1990

2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase activity determined using an image analyzer detection system.

The activity of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase (CNPase) was assayed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and an image analyzer detection system. The assay system was used to study a possible inhibitory effect by aminoguanidine on CNPase specific activity. One advantage of using a fixed-time HPTLC system over a real-time spectrophotometric system for an enzyme activity study was that apparent inhibition of the enzyme due to interference of the assay system (chromophore inhibition, etc.) was avoided. In addition, due to the increased accuracy of the image analyzer over conventional methods of TLC plate analysis, a rapid and more accurate measurement of HPTLC plates was possible which required only nanomole amounts of substrate. Also, a digital image of each plate analyzed was stored indefinitely in the computer's memory for future reference. The measurements of CNPase specific activity made using this system compared favorably to those found in recent literature.

2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphodiesterase↗
PubMed1990

Papillary villoglandular carcinoma of the cervix.

Three cases of papillary villoglandular carcinoma of the cervix are presented. Each patient was multiparous and presented with abnormal vaginal bleeding. The mean age at presentation was 35 years (range 28-42 years). All patients were staged as FIGO IB and underwent radical Wertheim hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Disease was limited to the cervix in two patients and extended to involve the lower uterine segment in one patient. There was no evidence of microscopic spread to the lymph nodes. Previous reports that examined patients with papillary villoglandular carcinoma of the cervix found them to have a favorable prognosis. Treatment implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Confirmation of linkage in von Hippel-Lindau disease.

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease was initially reported to be linked to the RAF1 oncogene (3p25). We have ascertained and sampled two large multigenerational VHL families for linkage studies, in order to confirm the localization of the VHL gene as a prelude to fine mapping studies. The probes used in the analysis were p627 (RAF1) and pHeA12 (thyroid hormone receptor B) (3p24.1-3p22). VHL was analyzed as an autosomal dominant trait with age-dependent penetrance. The maximum lod score combining both families was z(theta) = 2.16 at theta = 0.0 for RAF1 and z(theta) = 2.20 at theta = 0.05 for thyroid hormone receptor B. Multipoint analysis using the RAF1 and thyroid hormone receptor B loci resulted in a peak lod score of 3.1 confirming linkage of VHL to this region of chromosome 3. However, the position of VHL relative to the two loci could not be established with certainty.

Angiomatosis↗