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Biomedical subjects

L Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Larsson.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Physical training effects on muscle morphology in sedentary males at different ages.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the influence of physical training on muscle morphology and strength in different age groups in order to learn about the exogenous influence (e.g., inactivity) on the these characteristics in old age. Eighteen sedentary males ranging in age from 22-65 yr were involved in a low resistance and high repetition strength training program twice a week for 15 wk. Muscle biopsies were taken and strength measurements were performed before and after the training period. Age-related muscle fiber atrophy, seen before training, was diminished after the training period because of an increase in fiber size in older subjects. Muscular strength values, however, were lower with increasing age before and after training, indicating that strength decline in old age is not primarily due to muscle fiber atrophy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Trivariate evaluation of a thyroid hormone panel in clinical practice compared with multiple univariate evaluation.

The results from 510 consecutive routine determinations of free thyroxine index, free triiodothyronine index and thyrotropin were evaluated using both a trivariate reference region and the combined three univariate reference intervals. The results from 109 patients were discordant when evaluated by both the trivariate and the triple univariate reference regions. In 108 of these subjects the hormone results were found to be abnormal by the triple univariate evaluation method but normal when the trivariate reference region was used. The latter evaluation was in accordance with the clinical findings of the patients, who were euthyroid as evaluated from the 105 medical records we could trace. In one subject, clinically euthyroid, trivariate evaluation misclassified the patient as abnormal in contrast to the classical univariate evaluation. We conclude that the trivariate evaluation method was in better agreement with the clinical diagnosis of the patients and should be used in the routine evaluation of trivariate data in order to diminish the number of false abnormal results.

Humans↗
PubMed1982

Traumatically induced hypophosphataemia in anaesthetized pigs.

Clinical studies in severely injured patients have regularly shown hypophosphataemia probably directly related to the humoral response to trauma. In this study 72 anaesthetized pigs were exposed to a standardized missile trauma to find out whether the same type of change could be induced in an experimental animal as far as possible in the absence of other factors known to cause hypophosphataemia. The serum phosphate, calcium, and albumin concentrations and the fractional excretion of phosphate were recorded for 72 hours after inflicting the injury. The fall in serum phosphate after trauma follows a biphasic pattern, with a rapid drop immediately after the injury, a brief increase, and then a gradual slow decrease with a minimum at the end of the experimental period. This decrease was not caused by glucose infusion or phosphaturia due to haemodilution and increase in extracellular volume. The results support the hypothesis that hypophosphataemia in the posttraumatic period is caused by the humoral response to trauma. A new experimental model has been developed for the study of posttraumatic metabolic events.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Changes in serum phosphate and calcitonin concentrations during elective surgery of the knee.

Hypophosphataemia in connection with surgical trauma is most commonly ascribed to parenteral nutrition, glucose infusion, or haemodilution. We have earlier shown that patients with severe burns develop hypophosphataemia irrespective of such causes, and have introduced the theory that hypophosphataemia can result from the humoral response to trauma. In the present work, 10 otherwise healthy patients undergoing elective surgical treatment of old knee-ligament injuries were examined pre-, per-, and postoperatively with regard to phosphate, calcium, and magnesium homeostasis and hormones regulating this (parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, catecholamines). During operation we noted a significant and rapid fall in serum phosphate concentration, accompanied by increased secretion of calcitonin and catecholamines and a significant fall in serum magnesium. Unchanged fractional and total urinary phosphate excretion indicated that the fall in serum phosphate concentration was mainly due to prerenal causes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Control of the pars intermedia of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. V. Extravascular transfer and cellular uptake of horseradish peroxidase in the neuro-intermediate lobe.

The distribution of the tracer substance horseradish peroxidase (HRP, Mw 40,000) in the neuro-intermediate lobe of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis, was studied at various time intervals (13 min to 24 h) after vascular injection. HRP rapidly entered the extracellular lumen of the neural lobe, but did not penetrate into the third ventricle. The tracer was found in micropinocytotic vesicles (MPVs) of ependymal cells within 13 min after injection. The number of cellular inclusions containing HRP increased during the period of observation (24h). The tracer was sparsely taken up by aminergic and peptidergic nerve terminals of the external layer. After transection of the hypophysial stalk, numerous dense, labelled droplets were found in the peptidergic terminals, and the number of labelled inclusions in ependymal cells increased. MPVs were frequently found in extensions of stellate cells of the intermediate lobe, and endocytotic vacuoles (EVs) developed especially in the perikaryon. HRP was also found in large cisternae of the secretory cells, appearing predominantly towards the perivascular septum (PVS). These cisternae were found to communicate with the extracellular lumen, probably representing a system of the extracellular space extending into the secretory cell. After transection of the hypophysial stalk, there was an increase in the number of small EVs in secretory cells of the intermediate lobe. The results are discussed in terms of MSH-release regulation and possible participation of the extracellular lumen, glial and stellate cells in the transport of regulating factors and secretory material.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Use of selected ion monitoring for detection of tuberculostearic and C32 mycocerosic acid in mycobacteria and in five-day-old cultures of sputum specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring (SIM), employing both electron (EI) and chemical ionization (CI), was used to detect 10-methyloctadecanoic (tuberculostearic) and 2, 4, 8, 8-tetramethyloctacosanoic (C32 mycocerosic) acids in bacteria of 14 species of Mycobacterium and 3 species of Nocardia. Tuberculostearic acid was found in all species studied, while C32 mycocerosic acid was demonstrated only in M. africanum, M bovis, M. bovis strain BCG, M. kansasii and M. tuberculosis. The relative amounts of these acids in the organisms of these five species varied, thereby constituting a presumptive diagnostic technique. The lowest detectable amount of C32 mycocerosic acid was approximately 5 pg when using EI-SIM, monitoring at m/zz 88 and m/z 101. When using CI, employing isobutane as reactant gas, and focusing at m/z 495, 2 pg could be detected, and when ammonia was the reactant gas, the corresponding figure was 1 pg, monitoring at m/z 512. Tuberculostearic acid was demonstrated in 5-day incubated sputum specimens from 6 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, including 5 patients infected with M tuberculosis and 1 patient infected with M. avium. C32 mycocerosic acid was detected in 4 of the 5 patients with M. tuberculosis infection. None of the acids was found in a further 8 patients who had viral or bacterial (non-mycobacterial) pneumonia. Tuberculostearic acid could be demonstrated in 10 of another 12 sputum specimens from patients with tuberculosis, when the samples were analyzed directly, viz prior to culturing. The possibility of using SIM for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is thus worth consideration.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1981

Retinal vessels in the ora region. Possible role in the vitreo-retinal pathology in aphakia.

During intracapsular lens extraction the extreme retinal periphery is subjected to zonula-mediated traction and possible damage to the retinal vessels. The vascular pattern at the ora serrata was studied with special reference to the frequency and distribution of vessels positioned adjacent to the ora structures. The possible role of leakage from such vessels in vitreo-retinal pathology of the aphakic eye is discussed.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1981

Hormonal induction of Na-K-ATPase in developing proximal tubular cells.

The outer 150-micrometers layer of the renal cortex of the rat consists mainly of proximal tubules (PT). In this layer Na-K-ATPase (mumol Pi . mg protein-1 . h-1) increases from 3.45 +/- 0.19 (SE) in 10-day-old rats (R10) to 5.90 +/- 0.28 in 20-day-old rats (R20) to 9.52 +/- 0.42 in 40-day-old rats (R40). Betamethasone in pharmacologic doses increases Na-K-ATPase in R10, R20, and R40 to 11.5 +/- 1.19, 13.4 +/- 0.64, and 13.3 +/- 0.60, respectively. Estrogen in pharmacologic doses increases Na-K-ATPase to 9.1 +/- 0.46 in R20 and decreases Na-K-ATPase to 7.6 +/- 0.39 in R40. Aldosterone in a dose of 10 micrograms/100 g BW increases Na-K-ATPase to 8.7 +/- 0.26 in R20; in a dose of 40 micrograms/100 g BW it increases Na-K-ATPase to 6.9 +/- 0.35 in R10. However, aldosterone in a dose of 80 micrograms/100 g BW is needed to cause an increase in R40 to 13.4 +/- 0.37. Treatment with canrenone from the 10th to the 20th day increases Na-K-ATPase. It is concluded that the immature PT cells are particularly sensitive to hormone induction of Na-K-ATPase and that the sensitivity is maximal during fairly late stages of cellular differentiation. Moreover, the inductive effect is probably mediated via glucocorticoid receptors.

Aging↗
PubMed1981

Biochemical evaluation of patients with urolithiasis.

Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth was analyzed in 84 male and 30 female patients with urolithiasis and in 27 normal men and 7 normal women. No significant difference in inhibition index was found between stone formers and normal subjects or between male and female stone formers. The quotient, calcium X oxalate/magnesium X inhibition index, was significantly higher in urine from male stone formers (p less than 0.01) and the same was found for the quotient, calcium X oxalate/magnesium X citrate X inhibition index (p less than 0.005).

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1981

Calcium treatment of leg cramps in pregnancy. Effect on clinical symptoms and total serum and ionized serum calcium concentrations.

Up to 30 per cent of pregnant women suffer from leg cramps. The cause of these cramps is not known, but changes in calcium concentration have been suggested. Therefore 42 pregnant women with leg cramps were studied. No differences in total serum or ionized serum calcium concentrations were found as compared with a control group of pregnant women without leg cramps. Twenty-one patients were treated with 1 g calcium orally twice daily for 2 weeks and in this group good clinical improvement was achieved (p less than 0.001). The treatment increased the total serum calcium concentration from 2.25 mmol/l to 2.30 mmol/l but did not alter the ionized serum calcium concentration. Twenty-one untreated patients had the same frequency of cramps and showed no change in serum calcium concentrations throughout the investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Oxalate metabolism in man studied during total parenteral nutrition.

The mean urinary excretion of oxalate was 325 micromol/24 h in six patients during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The urinary excretion of oxalate was considered to be equal to the endogenous oxalate production. A 2-day load of the oxalate precursor glycine given to five patients did not influence the oxalate excretion in spite of increased serum glycine concentrations. A 3-day load of the oxalate precursor ascorbic acid given to four patients increased the oxalate excretion in all patients. In one patient TPN was prolonged for 20 days without any change in the amount of oxalate excreted.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Oxalate metabolism after intestinal bypass operations.

Hyperoxaluria and kidney stones are frequent following intestinal bypass operations. The urinary oxalate excretion was studied for 10-13 days during enteral and parenteral nutrition in six patients operated on because of massive obesity with a jejunoileostomy. The oxalate excretion in urine was higher than normal in all patients on normal diet. The excretion decreased on low-oxalate diet. Further decrease was observed during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The oxalate excretion was stabilized at a low level within 48 h after the start of TPN and was unchanged during the rest of the study. This included a period of 2 days when a load of the oxalate precursor glycine (10 and 20 g) was given parenterally to five patients, resulting in increased serum glycine concentration. A slight decrease in oxalate excretion was found when the amino acid part (Vamin with 10% glucose) of the TPN solution was given enterally instead of parenterally in two patients. This study has indicated that the main reason for hyperoxaluria in patients with intestinal bypass operations is hyperabsorption of dietary oxalate. It seems likely that these patients have a normal endogenous oxalate production.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Head-space gas chromatography as a tool in the identification of anaerobic bacteria and diagnosis of anaerobic infections.

The identification of anaerobic bacteria to the species level can be a laborious and time consuming procedure. Gas chromatography offers a diagnostic aid, and the advantages of the recently introduced head-space gas chromatography technique are: it is rapid, accurate and easy to perform; it provides more information of differential diagnostic value; and the identification process can be automated by connecting the head-space gas chromatograph to an automatic injection unit and a computer which interprets the chromatograms. The head-space technique may be used for direct analyses of clinical specimens for rapid diagnoses of anaerobic infections.

Anaerobiosis↗