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Biomedical subjects

L Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Larsson.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Complications to subtotal parathyroidectomy.

Seventy-three patients were operated on for confirmed hyperparathyroidism. Identification of all glands was done by 1/3 biopsies for histopathologic examination on frozen section during the operation. In cases of adenoma only, the adenoma was removed except for the biopsies. In cases of hyperplasia, subtotal resection was made, leaving between a half-gland and a whole gland. The frequency of complications was analysed. Temporary hypocalcemia occurred in a similar frequency in both adenoma and hyperplasia groups. Permanent hypocalcemia was present in only one patient. At follow-up 3-5 years after operation, 98.6% of the patients were normocalcemic. Ionized and total serum calcium were normalized 3 months after operation and remained so for the rest of the follow-up period. Serum phosphate, serum magnesium and serum parathormone also remained normal. Thus identification of parathyroid glands with biopsies or subtotal parathyroidectomy in cases with hyperplasia did not increase the risk of postoperative complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Urine composition in patients with urolithiasis during treatment with magnesium oxide.

Fifteen patients with recurrent renal stone formation were treated with 400 mg magnesium oxide daily. Urine composition was analyzed before the start of treatment and after 6-12 months. The urinary excretion of magnesium before and during treatment was 321 +/- 120 (mean +/- SD) and 409 +/- 140 mmol per mol creatinine respectively, a difference that was not statistically significant. Urinary calcium increased from 473 +/- 186 to 662 +/- 213 mmol per mol creatinine (p less than 0.05). All patients who increased their excretion of magnesium also increased the urinary output of calcium and, as a result of this, the calcium/magnesium-quotients were unaffected by the treatment. No significant effect was observed on urine oxalate excretion. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium and urate all remained at the pre-treatment level. From the results obtained in this study, magnesium oxide in this dosage cannot be recommended for use in treatment of patients with urolithiasis.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

Effect of normal development on compensatory renal growth.

Sprague-Dawley rats were nephrectomized unilaterally, or sham-operated at 5, 12, and 40 days of age. The kidney weight, number of glomeruli, GFR, and single nephron GFR (SNGFR) were determined in about 60 days of age. In both sham-operated and nephrectomized rats operated on at 5 and 12 days of age, the kidney was studied with light microscope for 1 to 14 days. Unilateral nephrectomy performed just before or just after completion of nephrogenesis or in adulthood did not result in formation of new nephrons. Renal structural development followed the same pattern in nephrectomized and sham-operated rats. A compensatory increase in renal size and GRF was inversely related to the age at which the nephrectomy was carried out but was more pronounced if nephrectomy had been performed just before rather than just after completion of nephrogenesis. In all nephrectomized rats, the compensatory increase in filtration rate appears to be the same in nephrons at all cortical levels judging by comparison of SNGRR and GFR. Conclusion. Compensatory renal growth does not involve the formation of new nephrons in the postnatal kidney of the rat. The potentiation of compensatory changes after nephrectomy at an early age is largely dependent on the development stage of the kidney at the time of nephrectomy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Vitamin D deficiency in welfare institutions for the aged.

Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D in a group of 47 elderly people (70--94 years old) living in homes for the aged were lower than those in a matched control group living in their homes. No differences between the groups were noted in serum ionized calcium, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphate, magnesium or parathyroid hormone. The low serum concentration of 25-OH-D may be due to less outdoor activities and/or a smaller dietary vitamin D intake in the institutionalized group. The importance of preserving an adequate vitamin D status in geriatric patients is emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Validity of biochemical findings in the evaluation of patients with urolithiasis.

Urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate was studied in 38 patients with urolithiasis on two different occasions, and there appeared to be a good correlation between the biochemical findings in the two samples. All values were expressed per mole of creatinine and it was furthermore demonstrated that the variation in creatinine excretion was considerably less than the variation in urine volume. The calcium/magnesium quotients were calculated in 113 2-hour fasting urine samples and 24-hour urine samples and a good correlation was obtained. Biochemical grouping of the patients was performed by means of the two sets of values and the result obtained was approximately the same in both cases.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

Urine composition in patients with renal stone disease during treatment with allopurinol.

Thirty-four male and seven female patients with urolithiasis were treated with 300 mg allopurinol daily for one year in order to prevent stone recurrences. The mean serum-urate concentration in all patients, and the urine urate excretion in patients with a pre-treatment urate excretion above 250 mmol per mol creatinine were significantly reduced. The mean urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium and oxalate was unaffected by the treatment, although six of eight patients with a pre-treatment oxalate excretion above 25 mmol per mol creatinine demonstrated lower urine oxalate values during the treatment. No significant differences were obtained concerning the calcium/magnesium or calcium x oxalate/magnesium x creatinine quotients, but lower values of the calcium x oxalate x urate/magnesium x creatinine2 quotient were observed during allopurinol administration.

Allopurinol↗
PubMed1980

Urinary oxalate excretion during anti-androgenic therapy.

We studied urinary oxalate excretion in three groups of patients with prostatic carcinoma who were treated with orchiectomy, estrogen, and cyproterone acetate, respectively. Urinary oxalate and plasma testosterone were analyzed before treatment and after 2 and 8 weeks of treatment. Despite a decrease in plasma testosterone concentration no significant change in oxalate excretion was detected in any group.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Characterization of Clostridium difficile and its differentiation from Clostridium sporogenes by automatic head-space gas chromatography.

Although 47 strains of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium sporogenes were studied by gas chromatography. Acidic and neutral volatile products, formed after 96 h of incubation in glucose-containing peptone yeast-extract medium, were chromatographed. All strains produced appreciable amounts of fatty acids, which were tentatively identified by gas chromatographic retention data. Chromatograms obtained when analysing diethyl ether extracts of culture media of all 47 strains were virtually identical. However, analysis of the broth media by automatic head-space gas chromatography, employing a glass capillary column, gave chromatographic patterns which differentiated the two Clostridium species studied. C. sporogenes was characterized by chromatographic patterns containing a dominant peak of isovaleric acid. Strains of this species produced larger amounts of early eluting compounds and much smaller amounts of butyric and valeric acid than did strains of C. difficile. Automatic head-space gas chromatography provides an efficient means for differentiation of C. difficile and C. sporogenes. This gas chromatographic technique is easier and more rapidly performed than analysis of either extracts of culture media.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1980

Morphological muscle characteristics in rowers.

Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis and deltoid muscle in twelve major senior rowers. Histochemical analyses showed a predominance of the oxidative type I fiber, a low content of the highly glycolytic type IIB fiber, large fiber areas, and a large number of capillaries surrounding the fibers. All these trends were more pronounced in the internationally competitive compared to the nationally competitive rowers. Exceptionally high aerobic capacities and muscular strengths, in competitive rowers, have been reported in previous papers as well as confirmed in the present study. The muscle morphology reported here is in line with the high aerobic demand in race rowing. However, strength has been shown to be more favoured by a high content of type II fibers which may appear contradictory to the present results. This question together with possible effects of physical training on the muscle morphology is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Control of the pars intermedia of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. III. Changes in the ultrastructure of the disconnected neuro-intermediate lobe.

Morphological changes in the disconnected neuro-intermediate lobe were studied in the lizard, Anolis carolinensis from the 2nd to the 14th post-operative day using a threefold aldehyde fixative (Rodríguez, 1969). Two phases of colour change capacity were exhibited: Phase I started immediately after the transection, lasted for 6 days (mean) and was characterised by an excessive MSH release (brown skin). This phase proceeded gradually into Phase II, designated by an interruption by the MSH release (green skin). The degenerative processes and final elimination of neurons in the disconnected neural lobe propagate in a rostro-caudal direction from the transected area. The aminergic fibres (Type II) disappear within 2 days postoperatively, whereas the degeneration continues for more than 10 days in the peptidergic fibres (Type III, IV and V). The glia cells (ependyma and pituicytes) serve as very active macrophages, engulfing fragments of axons already affected by autolysis and transferring them into glial lysosomes. No apparent morphological changes occur in the shift from Phase I to II. The great majority of the secretory cells of the intermediate lobe are not affected by degenerative processes and appear to be markedly activated by the stalk transection. They exhibit numerous mitochondria, well-developed Golgi complexes forming numerous Golgi vesicles and extensive parallel cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, sometimes forming large intracisternal droplets (7 micron in diameter). Numerous pale vacuoles are seen, especially toward the intact capillaries, suggesting their coupling to the MSH release by extension of the active membrane area toward the perivascular septum. The number of these vacuoles is very markedly reduced in Phase II (no release), whereas the formation of new granules seems to proceed in early stages. The interruption of the MSH release implies a successive refilling of gradually growing secretory granules and a concomitant reduction in the development of the synthetic apparatus. Mechanisms probably involved in the control of the synthesis and release of MSH are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Control of the pars intermedia of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis. II. Ultrastructure of the intact intermediate lobe.

The ultrastructure of the intermediate lobe of the hypophysis was studied in Anolis carolinensis with the use of a threefold aldehyde fixative. Lizards with a brown skin were selected. The possibility of two types of secretory cells is discussed; neither cell type is innervated. Type I cells are rarely found and contain dense granules approximately 0.3 micron in diameter; Type II cells vary widely in secretory activity. Most of the Type II cells contain a large number of dense secretory granules (up to about 1.3 micron in diameter) almost filling the cytoplasm. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi apparatus and mitochondria are poorly developed. Only some of these cells show signs suggesting a high secretory activity, namely a well developed RER, Golgi apparatus and numerous mitochondria. In these cells the RER sometimes forms large intracisternal droplets (up to 7 micron in diameter). Two of the animals exhibited a more uniform, high secretory activity. Large (about 2 micron in diameter), pale vacuoles, probably of extracellular character, were found mostly in the vicinity of the perivascular septum. Their role in the release of MSH is discussed. The present data, which are discussed with reference to earlier findings (Forbes, 1972), form the morphological basis for an experimental study on regulation of MSH release (Larsson et al., 1979).

Animals↗