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Biomedical subjects

L Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to L Larsson.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The effect of clindamycin on the intestinal flora in patients with enteric hyperoxaluria.

Enteric hyperoxaluria is due to increased absorption of oxalate, especially in the colon. However, this mechanism is not fully understood. Little is also known about the composition of the intestinal flora in these patients. Eleven patients with hyperoxaluria (greater than 0.45 mmol/24 h) after jejunoileal bypass were therefore studied under surgical ward conditions for 5 days. The patients were maintained on a constant diet. During days 3, 4, and 5 clindamycin (Dalacina), 1.8 g/24 h, was given parenterally in three divided doses. All patients had hyperoxaluria, with a mean oxalate absorption of 0.94 +/- 0.09 mmol/24 h (+/- SEM). No significant disturbances in the colonic microflora were found. The degree of hyperoxaluria did not change during clindamycin administration, in spite of a significant decrease in the number of anaerobic bacteria. Our patients with enteric hyperoxaluria seem to have a normal colonic microflora. The degree of hyperoxaluria did not seem to be related to changes in the intestinal anaerobic flora.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of radiometer ICA1 as a routine instrument for serum ionized calcium and its application for whole blood capillary samples from newborn infants.

The Radiometer ICA1 was evaluated with four sets of samples: a) 289 serum samples sent for routine analysis of ionized calcium, b) a reference set of serum samples from 40 healthy laboratory workers, c) 42 capillary whole blood samples from healthy full-term and d) six capillary whole blood samples from pre-term infants. For comparison, all sets except the capillary samples were also run on the Orion SS-20. The ICA1 gave higher readings than the Orion SS-20 for normo-(mean difference 0.011 mmol/l) and hypocalcaemic (mean difference 0.037 mmol/l), but not for hypercalcaemic serum samples. The mean +/- 2 SD range for the serum reference set was 1.15-1.31 mmol/l for ICA1 and 1.14-1.27 mmol/l for Orion SS-20. The within-assay and between-assay precision were 0.014 and 0.032 mmol/l (SD) respectively for ICA1 and 0.010 and 0.022 mmol/l (SD) for Orion SS-20. The 42 healthy full-term infants had a mean +/- 2 SD range of 1.18-1.47 mmol/l. The six pre-term infants had whole blood ionized calcium 0.82-1.07 mmol/l. Three of them had ionized calcium less than 0.90 mmol/l and a symptomatic hypocalcemia.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1983

Posttraumatic hypophosphataemia and urinary phosphate excretion with and without phosphate supplementation. An experimental study in pigs.

Hypophosphataemia commonly follows trauma of various types. Several aetiologic factors have been proposed and the clinical significance of posttraumatic hypophosphataemia has been discussed. For study of the mechanisms underlying hypophosphataemia associated with surgical trauma, an experimental model has been developed which permits induction of hypophosphataemia under standardized conditions in anaesthetized and traumatized pigs. In the present study this model was used to investigate the relationship between posttraumatic hypophosphataemia and urinary excretion of with or without phosphate supplementation. The results suggest that the adrenaline release associated with stress and trauma induced an immediate and rapid fall in the serum phosphate (S-P) level. The abrupt fall was followed after 24 hours by a slower decrease. This second phase of S-P decrease was not induced by catecholamine release or by glucose infusion and was not prevented by phosphate supplementation. It appeared to be related to an inadequate renal response to the hypophosphataemia, i.e. a relative phosphaturia. The cause of this phosphaturia is not fully understood, but both extracellular volume expansion and the humoral response to trauma are possible explanations.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Low-oxalate, low-fat dietary regimen in hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass.

Previous studies have shown that the severity of enteric hyperoxaluria can be reduced in hospitalized patients who receive a diet low in oxalate and fat. Little is known of the value of such a diet in the patients' home conditions. Ten patients with hyperoxaluria (greater than 0.45 mmol/24 h) following jejuno-ileal bypass were therefore studied while on their ordinary diet and also on a diet with low-oxalate, low-fat content. The mean urinary excretion of oxalate decreased during the dietary treatment from 1.1 to 0.7 mmol/24 h. The diet was demanding, though not unfeasible for the patients. Careful and regular dietary information, preferably by a dietitian, is recommended in such cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effects of calcium, aluminium, magnesium and cholestyramine on hyperoxaluria in patients with jejunoileal bypass.

The urinary excretion of oxalate, calcium, magnesium and citrate as well as the inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth in diluted urine was studied in seven patients with hyperoxaluria following jejunoileal bypass. The study was performed on an outpatient basis before and during daily administration of 38 or 113 mmol calcium, 28 mmol of aluminum, 20 mmol of magnesium or 16 g of cholestyramine. Each substance was administered for seven days with a free interval of at least seven days. The mean urinary oxalate excretion was not reduced with any of these regimens. Administration of 38 mmol of calcium per day resulted in increased oxalate and magnesium excretion. Increased excretion of both calcium and citrate was observed during administration of 113 mmol of calcium per day. Calcium and magnesium excretion was increased with aluminium. An increased magnesium excretion was also observed during administration of magnesium, resulting in a decreased calcium/ magnesium ratio. Cholestyramine resulted in increased oxalate and decreased citrate excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Muscle hypertrophy in bodybuilders.

Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from m. vastus lateralis and m. deltoideus of three high caliber bodybuilders. Tissue specimens were analysed with respect to relative distribution of fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fiber types and different indices of fiber area. In comparison to a reference group of competitive power/weight-lifters the following tendencies were observed: the percentage of FT fibers was less, mean fiber area was smaller and selective FT fiber hypertrophy was not evident. Values for fiber type composition and fiber size were more similar to values reported for physical education students and non-strength trained individuals. The results suggest that weight training induced muscle hypertrophy may be regulated by different mechanisms depending upon the volume and intensity of exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Gas chromatographic study of cellular fatty acids of comma-shaped bacteria isolated from the vagina.

Gas chromatographic analyses were performed of the cellular fatty acids of 16 strains of comma-shaped bacteria isolated from the vagina of women with discharge. Acidic methanolysis of lyophilized bacterial cells was used, followed by splitless injection of hexane extracts onto a fused silica capillary column. Myristic (14:0), hexadecanoic (16:0), octadecadienoic (18:2), octadecenoic (18:1) and octadecanoic (18:0) acids were the major fatty acids found. Long and short variants of the comma-shaped bacteria showed a great similarity in their fatty acid patterns. No hydroxy acids were detected.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

The use of automated headspace gas chromatography for determination of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in rat blood and brain tissue.

1,1,1-trichloroethane in blood and brain tissue from rats which had been artificially ventilated with solvent (8000 ppm) was analysed by automated headspace gas chromatography using a fused silica capillary column. A given concentration of 1,1,1-trichloroethane in the brain could be correlated with a corresponding concentration in the blood; both the uptake and release of the solvent were quicker in blood than in brain. No volatile metabolites of the solvent were found. Automated headspace gas chromatographic analysis is a rapid and sensitive technique for the quantitative registration of volatile organic solvents, e.g. of industrial importance, in body fluids and tissues.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Oral vitamin D and ultraviolet radiation for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly.

Different methods for the prevention and treatment of vitamin D deficiency were studied in 42 institutionalized elderly people. One group received ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on a large area of the body surface once a week for three months. The results were compared with those in groups receiving either 450 IU vitamin D2 together with 420 mg calcium daily, 420 mg calcium alone, or no treatment. A significant increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was obtained with UVR. A similar increase was obtained with oral vitamin D2. A small but significant decrease in serum alkaline phosphatase was observed in subjects receiving vitamin D and calcium or calcium alone. No effects on serum phosphate, urinary cyclic adenosine monophosphate and urinary calcium were seen. Though brief UVR at one-week intervals is an efficient and safe method for prevention of vitamin D deficiency in the elderly, it is in our experience time-consuming for the ward staff and thus less convenient than oral vitamin D supplementation.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Feasibility of automated head-space gas chromatography in identification of anaerobic bacteria.

Neutral and acidic metabolites of some anaerobic bacteria cultured in a liquid growth medium were analysed by gas chromatography. Studies on the head-space vapours above heated broth cultures, using a gas chromatograph equipped with a fused silica capillary column and a unit for automatic head-space injection, enabled volatile alcohols and fatty acids to be readily detected. By contrast, when studying ether extracts of the same cultures, using a packed column, alcohols were only rarely registered, being more or less "hidden" under the solvent peak. Head-space gas chromatography was thus found to provide more diagnostic information on anaerobes, as exemplified by the registration of volatile alcohols produced by Clostridium sporogenes. Being suited for automation, this technique should be considered as an alternative to the study of solvent extracts of broth cultures in gas chromatographic identification of anaerobic bacteria.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1982

Diagnosis of bacteraemia by automated head-space capillary gas chromatography.

Blood cultures from 196 patients with suspected bacteraemia or septicaemia were analysed by automated head-space gas chromatography, using a 25 m fused silica capillary column, when turbidity indicated growth. Gas chromatography correctly identified 105 cultures as positive and 71 correctly as negative. No false-positive results were obtained. Of the 20 false-negative chromatographic results, Staphylococcus spp accounted for 14. Automated head-space gas chromatography is quicker, easier and more efficient than other gas chromatographic techniques for the evaluation of blood cultures.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1982

Intermittent topical treatment of psoriasis with clobetasol propionate ("Dermovate").

In an open multi-centre trial, 316 psoriasis patients were treated with clobetasol propionate intermittently over a 14-day period. The treatment gave rapid clinical healing of the psoriasis infiltration in 62% of the patients. A total of 132 of these patients was subsequently put on maintenance treatment with two applications per week. This regimen kept the disease in remission throughout the observation period, which exceeded 4 months on average, in 75% of the patients. Only 5 patients experienced side-effects.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1982

Effect of beta-blocking agents on peroperative changes in serum phosphate.

Hypophosphataemia in association with surgical trauma is usually attributed to hyperalimentation with glucose solution, or of phosphaturia due to haemodilution. We have shown that it can be induced by trauma, and probably forms part of the humoral response of trauma. In experimental studies on pigs we found that the post-traumatic fall in serum phosphate is bi-phasic, and that the first phase can be prevented by beta-blocking agents. In the present study we compared the peroperative phosphate variations in 7 thyrotoxic patients undergoing elective thyroid surgery while under treatment with beta-blocking agents with those 10 patients submitted to elective surgery (5 thyroid and 5 knee operations) but not receiving beta-blocking agents. We found that the peroperative fall in serum phosphate was prevented in patients receiving beta-blocking agents. This supports the hypothesis that the rapid fall in serum phosphate in immediate association with operative trauma is mediated through the release of catecholamines.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗