Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

L Kreel

Publications and source records attributed to L Kreel.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The diagnostic process: a comparison of scanning techniques.

In choosing between various scanning techniques the factors to be considered include availability, cost, the type of equipment, the expertise of the medical and technical staff, and the inherent capabilities of the system. Although it is difficult to state dogmatically which scanning technique is best for each patient and condition, one or other technique is clearly preferable in some areas of medicine. Ultrasound, for example, should be used in obstetrics, while computerized tomography has revolutionised neuroradiological diagnosis. Nevertheless, there is still no substitute for good history taking and a thorough physical examination. The most important factor determining the choice of technique is the system's ability to answer the specific question required for the management of the patient.

Data Display↗
PubMed1977

Computerised tomography and the liver.

Computerised tomography produces an excellent image of the liver. The author discusses the relevant technical factors such as the use of window levels and window widths, tissue attenuation values and filtering. The importance of the applied anatomy and the use of contrast agents are discussed and then the findings on computed tomography in clinical practice are presented. The lesions that can be visualised include cysts, abscesses, primary tumours, metastases, fatty liver, subphrenic abscess, dilated bile ducts and cholelithiasis as well as surrounding ascites. These appearances are described and illustrated.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1977

An evaluation of the double contrast barium meal (DCBM) against endoscopy.

The diagnostic accuracy of the DCBM and of endoscopy were compared in 50 consecutive patients. Examinations were conducted in comparable circumstances, without any cross information. A percentage score method was evolved to allow a numerically more significant assessment. The potential accuracy of the DCBM was calculated to be 96% of that accorded to fibre-endoscopy.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of the normal pancreas.

The normal anatomy of the pancreas is demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) (EMI) in 50 patients with no known pancreatic disease and in 15 comparable postmortem studies. The problems of optimal demonstration of the pancreas in CT and the possible causes of misinterpretation of the pancreatic axial tomography are considered. The size of the normal pancreas was found to be up to 3.0 cm for the head, 2.5 cm for the neck and body, and 2.0 cm for the tail. In assessing these values, it is important to be sure that adjacent structures such as the portal vein, splenic vein, and duodenum are not included in the measurement, that the measurements are taken on scans of maximum resolution with no movements, and that the measurements are strictly related to the anteroposterior diameter. It is considered that gantry tilt will also distort these figures. The reasons for these statements are presented and discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Anatomy and radiology of the areae gastricae.

The anatomy and radiology of the areae gastricae were studied in human and pig specimens and it was shown that the double contrast barium meal demonstrates a true picture of the undulating gastric mucosa, which is distinctive in appearance in the antrum body and fundus of the pig stomach. The importance of the type of barium used and the thickness of barrier mucus in the demonstration of the areae pattern is emphasised and the high incidence of duodenal ulcer in the grade 4 pattern and the low incidence in the non-coater is described. A knowledge of the anatomy and radiology of the areae gastricae pattern is central to the interpretation of the double contrast barium meal.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Computerized tomography using the EMI general purpose scanner.

The EMI general Purpose Scanner is briefly described, with particular reference to the use of window height and window width variations. Patient preparation in relation to movement artefacts and contrast medium is considered, and a method of localization of tomographic sections is described. The Scanner produces brain examinations of high quality. Because a head water bath is no longer required, the base of the skull can also be examined. In the thorax computerized tomography is particularly valuable in showing pleural disease in the forms of thickening, plaques or tumours, and in demonstrating retrosternal lymph node enlargement. Small peripheral metastases can be identified when not shown by conventional tomography. In the abdomen lymph node masses, retroperitoneal tumours and pancreatic disease has been identified, often more completely than by other methods, or where other methods have failed. This has proved particularly valuable in the grading of malignant disease and in the monitoring of subsequent treatment. It is particularly helpful in the planning of radiotherapy. Metastases in liver and bone can be clearly defined when still quite small (0-5.1 cm), but comparison with other methods of diagnosis such as grey scale ultrasound and isotope scanning will be needed before the role of computerized tomography in evaluating these lesions is known.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of ultrasound and computer-assisted tomography in pancreatic diagnosis.

In a series of patients suspected of having pancreatic disease both ultrasound and computerized tomography (CT) were performed. The diagnosis has been confirmed in 50 patients. Computerized tomography visualized the pancreas in all 50 (100%) whereas ultrasound was successful in 40 patients (80%). The ultrasound failures were due to bowel gas anterior to the pancreas. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 84% for computerized tomography and 64% for ultrasound; however, in those cases where ultrasound successfully detected the pancreas the diagnostic accuracy was 80%.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Distribution of lung metastases in the axial plane. A combined radiological-pathological study.

The appearance of lung metastases and their distribution in the axial plane was studied on radiographs of formalin-vapour inflated fixed lungs. The results show that the vast majority of lung metastases are to be found at the periphery of the lung, irrespective of cavitation or of their shape or size. This distribution cannot be explained by hydro-dynamic factors, but may be related to the susceptibility of metastases in different parts of the lung. the metastases were also analysed as to their appearances, namely well-defined nodular, star-like, ill-defined edge and cavitating. No definite correlation with distribution was apparent but when extremely numerous, metastases were usually less than 1 cm in diameter with ill-defined margins. This could be due to their rapidity of growth.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Cerebral ventricular size and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia.

By comparison with age-matched controls in employment, 17 institutionalised schizophrenic patients were shown by computerised axial tomography of the brain to have increased cerebral ventricular size. Within the group of schizophrenic patients increased ventricular size was highly significantly related to indices of cognitive impairment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The EMI whole body scanner in the demonstration of lymph node enlargement.

Thirty-three cases with malignant disease due mainly to lymphoma and testicular tumours were evaluated by computerised tomography (CT) scanning on the EMI general purpose scanner. In many cases there were either more lymph nodes demonstrated than on lymphography or more disease shown in bone or the thorax than was suspected. CT scanning is particularly valuable in showing mesenteric, retrosternal, axillary and para-aortic lymph node enlargement. Bone, liver and pulmonary metastases were shown when not demonstrated by other methods as well as showing the extent of recurrence of malignant disease. In testicular tumours metastatic spread to paravertebral soft tissues behind the diaphragm was clearly demonstrated. This cannot be seen on lymphography. CT scanning appears to be the most accurate method to date of showing the extent of malignant disease, particularly in cases of lymphoma and testicular tumours.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Morphological basis of radiological band shadows on chest radiographs.

Lungs of unselected cadavers were fixed at necropsy using a formalin vapour technique. "Band shadows" were identified in the excised lungs and these were correlated with in vivo radiographs and with the morphological changes in the lung. Persistent shadows were produced by pulmonary infarction, subsegmental atelectasis, and septal fibrosis singly and in combination. Potentially transient shadows were seen in association with atelectasis and pulmonary oedema.

Adult↗