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Biomedical subjects

L Kreel

Publications and source records attributed to L Kreel.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The use of barium meals by general practitioners and hospital doctors.

A random sample of the records of patients having barium meal examinations at a district general hospital was reviewed. In both males and females, there was no significant difference in the proportions of abnormalities between referrals from hospital doctors and general practitioners. Younger males were less likely to show abnormalities than older males, but there was no age difference in the proportions of abnormal barium meals in females. There was a smaller proportion of major abnormalities (19 per cent) in female than male patients (28 per cent). This study does not suggest that any reduction of direct access barium meal examinations for general practitioners is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

CT anatomy of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and infratemporal fossa.

Analysis of anatomical features of the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and infratemporal fossa was carried out by retrospective review fo 50 CT scans. Conventional and axial anatomy are discussed, and normal size limits of selected structures are proposed on the basis of a series of measurements. Examples of early and advanced disease are shown.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in pulmonary asbestosis.

Attention is drawn to the signs of asbestosis on computed axial tomography and comparison made with findings in conventional radiology in 36 patients. CT was found to be significantly more sensitive in the detection of both pleural and parenchymal disease apart from thickened fissures. A possible sign of early mesothelioma is mentioned and an encasing variety of pleural thickening described. Perfusion changes which may represent a 'pre-radiological' interstitial fibrosis are discussed.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1979

Mass lesions of the retroperitoneum (excluding specific organs).

The value of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis and management of retroperitoneal masses is discussed. Neoplastic, inflammatory, and hemorrhagic conditions are shown. In addition to facilitating the detection of these mass lesions, CT is especially valuable in allowing accurate biopsies and aspiration to be performed and in the follow-up of the patient.

Abscess↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography of the prostate.

The conventional anatomy of the prostate is reviewed and the computed tomography (CT) anatomy described and illustrated. The results of 55 "normal" cases were analyzed for size and relationship to the symphysis pubis, retropubic space, and bladder, as shown on CT sections correlating the features with age and possible urinary symptoms. Attention is also drawn to the differences between phleboliths and prostatic calcification. Computed tomography is an effective method of demonstrating the prostate and surrounding structures and of assessing prostatic enlargement.

Calcinosis↗
PubMed1979

Multiple axis image reconstruction from axial transverse data.

The technique for alternate axis reconstruction from axial transverse computed tomography data is presented. The utility of the method as an adjunct to diagnosis, radiotherapy treatment planning, and tumor biopsy is discussed. The relative radiation dose and resolution characteristics between this and other methods are compared.

Data Display↗
PubMed1979

The subtrapezial space.

The subtrapezial space as it is depicted on computed tomography scans of patients positioned with their arms above their heads is described and illustrated. Knowledge of the outline and contents of this area is useful in the recognition of enlarged lymph nodes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

The temperature dependence of computed tomography attenuation values.

Attention is drawn to the variation in the computed tomography (CT) attenuation value of water with temperature. A difference of 5 to 6 Hounsfield units (1,000 scale) between typical room and body temperatures can be predicted as a consequence of the change in the density of water and was confirmed experimentally. This difference may be of significance in the calibration of CT machines, in the determination of "absolute" CT attenuation values for body tissues and fluids, and in comparing tissue attenuation values obtained in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Contrast computed tomography in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis.

Computed tomography (CT) has the ability to detect small variations in tissue density. Meglumine diatrizoate was given intravenously to four patients with clinical acute cholecystitis as part of the CT scanning procedure. The enhancement of the thick gallbladder wall, together with an enlarged gallbladder and the presence of stones, confirmed the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Our present experience indicates that, after contrast medium administration, CT has a distinct place in the assessment of acute inflammation of the gallbladder.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary tissue attenuation with computed tomography: comparison of inspiration and expiration scans.

Mean lung attenuation has been measured on computed tomography (CT) sections through lung bases of 17 patients with no evidence of respiratory disease. Sections were obtained in inspiration and at neutral respiration together with spirometric measurement of lung volume changes. The normal range for mean attenuation including all phases of respiration is approximately -350 to -430 EMI units (EU) (air = -500). The range is narrower on inspiration than at neutral respiration. Mean attenuation in the posterior one-third of the lung base may be 100 EU greater than in the anterior one-third. This gradient is reduced but not abolished on inspiration. Reduction of attenuation with inspiration correlates inversely with increased lung volume and cross-sectional area. Anteroposterior attenuation gradients and regional changes of attenuation with breathing can be explained by preferential ventilation and perfusion of the dependent regions of the lung. When using CT to measure lung "density," the effects of breathing should be taken into account. The relevance of these observations to the detection of early diffuse lung disease is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

A group of 34 proven cases of pulmonary sarcoidosis was investigated by computed tomography (CT) to determine whether CT provided any information beyond that obtained from conventional chest films. Computed tomography disclosed a surprisingly high prevalence of minor pleural changes in sarcoidosis, including two patients with small pleural effusions. Unsuspected bullae and isolated "granulomatous" nodules were additionally demonstrated. Increases in lung density and alterations in gravity dependent vascular perfusion were assessed; these may reflect alterations in the vascular bed, and the increased density is possibly due to diffuse invasion of the lung not recognizable by conventional chest X-ray films. Tracheal compression was noted in one case and vertebral densities in three. Prominence of "small air spaces" was recorded in four patients; the nature of the pathology responsible for this finding is at present speculative. While not replacing conventional chest radiography, CT does make a definite contribution to the assessment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The normal pancreas as seen on the computerised tomogram (author's transl)].

The normal appearances of the pancreas as seen on computerised tomograms (EMI) has been demonstrated in fifty normal patients and correlated with fifteen post mortem studies on patients with a normal pancreas. The problems of optimal demonstration of the pancreas on computerised tomograms and possible sources of error in the interpretation of transverse pancreas tomograms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Computer assisted tomography of normal suprarenal glands.

The anatomy of 60 right and 80 left normal suprarenal (adrenal) glands in 90 patients was studied. In the transaxial view, the glands have a triradiate shape, which varies on serial sections. The medial posterior limbs of each gland were visualized on the more cranial sections. The transaxial positions of the glands are related to the vertebrae and, on the left side, to the aorta and kidney, in accordance with known anatomical associations. The cranio-caudal positions of the glands have been defined by using the kidney as a "renal ruler". The right gland lies cranial to the anterior and medial renal margin, and it extends dorsally beyond the vertebral body in 18% of the right glands studied. The left gland lies anterior to the upper renal pole. The ease with which the glands were shown in detail by computer assisted tomography (CAT) contrasts with other methods of demonstration, namely, retroperitoneal pneumography, angiography, and venography. The difficulties of visualizing the glands with CAT are discussed and illustrated. The findings are used to suggest guidelines for conventional tomography.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1978

Comparative clinical impact of endoscopic pancreatography, grey-scale ultrasonography, and computed tomography (EMI scanning) in pancreatic disease: preliminary report.

Grey-scale ultrasound scanning (US), computed tomography (CT), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed in a series of 50 patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. The impact of the individual tests were assessed in the relevant clinical context. With a maximum of 100, the overall clinical impact score of ERCP (75) exceeded that of CT(63) and US (36). In patients with obscure pain, and in those with relapsing pancreatitis, a combination of US and ERCP provides good clinical guidance. Computed tomography scanning can currently be reserved for documentation of patients with a major mass lesion. None of the techniques can detect early pancreatic cancer, except of the papilla of Vater, where ERCP is diagnostic. Recommendations for future diagnostic strategies may alter as grey-scale ultrasonography and computed tomography develop, and, in any case, depend on many factors including local expertise, availability, and cost.

Adolescent↗