Liver and spleen candidiasis: imaging and verification by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Abscess↗
Biomedical subjects
L Kivisaari
Publications and source records attributed to L Kivisaari.
Contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics in experimental pancreatitis, diabetes and subcutaneous granuloma.
Contrast medium concentration in the pancreas as a function of time after intravenous bolus injection was measured in 12 rats with oil-induced acute pancreatitis, 20 rats with Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and 20 rats with subcutaneous granuloma, induced by sponge, whose pancreatic tissue was used as a control. No significant effect of diabetes was observed. Calculated distribution volume and contrast enhancement in the pancreas were increased in pancreatitis relative to diabetes and controls. The increased enhancement was due to a relatively higher accumulation into the extravascular fluid, considered to represent pancreatic oedema. An even more marked and delayed enhancement was observed with the granuloma tissue and exudate, apparently on a similar basis. There appears to be a possibility of differential diagnosis of some pancreatic lesions using contrast enhanced CT.
Animals↗
[Computerized tomography of the body].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
Microvasculature of the human pancreas. A microangiographic study.
The microvasculature of six human pancreases was studied immediately after resection. Three of the pancreases were histologically normal, two were fibrotic, and one was inflamed. Immediately after resection a 10% Micropaque (Nicholas) solution was infused into the lienal artery for 1 h, and the tissue was studied by microangiography. The microvasculature of the normal human pancreas is very similar to the pancreatic microvasculature of the rat. Changes produced by inflammation in human pancreas seem to be similar to changes in the rat pancreas with experimental pancreatitis. Remarkable histologic changes of the pancreas cause only small changes in the anatomic arrangement of the arteries and arterioles, and slightly more changes in the acinar capillaries, which may explain the diagnostic difficulties associated with angiography of pancreatic disease.
Adult↗
The effect of experimental pancreatitis and diabetes on the microvasculature of the rat pancreas.
Experimental diabetes was produced in 59 rats by intravenous injection of streptozotocin, and the rats were studied from 9 days to 4 months later. Experimental pancreatitis was produced in 28 rats by injecting sodium taurocholate, 3% or 6% solution in saline, into the pancreatic duct. These rats were studied with microangiography from 2 h to 4 days later. Experimental diabetes caused atrophy of the islets of Langerhans but did not cause any changes in the vessels of the exocrine pancreas, liver, or kidney up to 4 months. Capillary filling of the young, long-term diabetic rats was poor in all the examined organs, and the muscle arterioles showed variation of caliber. A 3% sodium taurocholate solution produced mild pancreatitis and little or no changes in the vasculature, whereas a 6% solution caused severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis with local extravasations and poor capillary filling. It is concluded that diagnostically useful vascular changes appear in the pancreas only if severe pancreatitis is present.
Angiography↗
Computerised tomography of the pancreas with acute pancreatitis.
Twenty patients with clinically diagnosed or suspected pancreatitis were examined with computerised tomography. Five pseudocysts and one pancreatic abscess were found as a complication of the disease. Computerised tomography is a non-invasive method of diagnosis in acute pancreatitis and is especially valuable in diagnosing the complications of the disease. Slight swelling of the inflamed part of pancreas and occlusion of the peripancreatic fat were found in mild pancreatitis. Swelling of the perinephric fat and the mesenteric fat were found in five cases of severe pancreatitis. This is a new sign, as well as uneven distribution of the contrast agent in the pancreatic parenchyma.
Abscess↗
Contrast enhancement of the pancreas in computed tomography.
Contrast enhancement of pancreas, liver, kidney, muscle, and blood was measured from computed tomography scans of 46 patients, including patients with normal pancreas (20), pancreatitis (20), and pancreatic carcinoma (6). A bolus injection of contrast agent was given intravenously. Contrast enhancement and contrast distribution volume in a single scan of the pancreas were measured at 40 sec and at 2, 5, and 15 min after the injection. There was a slight delay in the uptake of contrast material by pancreatic tissue if the disease was severe. In all other aspects, the pattern of contrast enhancement was equal in various patient groups and included great individual variations. Visually, the contrast agent distribution in severe pancreatitis was uneven. In severe pancreatitis, edema was seen both in the pancreas and surrounding tissues. It is concluded that gross anatomic changes and visual estimation are the only means of studying pancreatic pathology with an 18 sec scan time, and that contrast enhancement in such a study provides little additional diagnostic information.
Contrast Media↗
Contrast enhancement: diagnostic significance from a statistical viewpoint.
Contrast enhancement attenuation units were calculated from 13 tissues and organs of 20 rats at five different times after bolus 125I-diatrizoate administration. Percent distribution volume of diatrizoate was calculated from these results. The statistical significance of differences in contrast enhancement between each of 72 tissue pairs was determined at each of the five times. A similar treatment of percent distribution volume for 60 tissue pairs was determined. The time elapsed after contrast medium injection appears to be of pivotal importance in contrast enhancement diagnosis. Calculation of percent contrast distribution volume is of potential diagnostic importance, since it reveals contrast medium behavior not evident from a visual perusal of scans. The above methods can be readily adapted to computed tomography scanning.
Animals↗
Ultrasonography of the thyroid during pregnancy.
To discover whether pregnancy causes ultrasonically detectable changes in the thyroid, an ultrasound examination of the thyroid was performed repeatedly in 21 pregnant women with no history of thyroid disease. Seven patients were examined three times and 14 twice during the course of pregnancy. The size of the thyroid was estimated and the echogenicity assessed with respect to homogenicity and degree by comparison with the echogenicity of adjacent muscles. The results were compared with the results of a control group of healthy female volunteers. The mean volume of the thyroid increased slightly during the course of pregnancy. No changes in the echogenicity or echostructure were noted.
Adult↗
Differential diagnosis of anterior upper mediastinal expansions by contrast-enhanced computed tomography.
This study investigated the potential of contrast-enhanced CT in the differential diagnosis of the most common anterior upper mediastinal expansions. CT examinations of 29 patients with an upper anterior mediastinal mass lesion of unknown origin were reviewed retrospectively and compared with the clinical data obtained. The density, contrast enhancement and invasive nature of the tumors were recorded. Thyroid tissue was enhanced most and lymphomas least. Contrast medium injection helped to distinguish great vessels and cystic lesions from surrounding areas. Thyroid tissue was most heterogeneous and lymphomas most homogeneous. All except one of the malignant neoplasms (a lymphoid mass lesion) were infiltratory in nature. Contrast-enhanced CT gives clues as to the origin of a neoplasm and whether it is benign or malignant.
Adult↗
Ultrasonography, CT, and MRI of muscles in congenital nemaline myopathy.
Twelve patients with congenital nemaline myopathy were examined by ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) and 4 of them by low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the distribution and nature of muscle involvement and to evaluate the yield of these techniques. A pattern of selective muscle involvement was consistently found. Ultrasonography revealed abnormally high muscle echogenicity. In contrast to the controls with simple disuse and/or neurogenic atrophy, CT revealed low muscle density in our patients. MRI confirmed that this pattern reflects patchy, fatty degeneration, a new finding in congenital nemaline myopathy. Ultrasonography appears useful for screening, provided that the dorsiflexors of the feet are examined. CT and MRI can be used to demonstrate abnormalities in mild cases, to select the biopsy site, and for follow-up. MRI, because it provides good soft tissue contrast, is useful for determining fatty infiltration.
Adolescent↗
The diagnostic potential of contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics.
Diastizoate concentrations in the blood and twelve tissues and organs of 20 rats were measured at 40 seconds, and 2, 5, 15 and 60 minutes after bolus intravenous administration of 125 I-labeled diatrizoate and 131 I-labeled albumin. Contrast enhancement (HU) and distribution volumes(%) were calculated from this data, and the results are presented graphically. The tissues can be separated into two groups according to the rapidity of extravascular contrast medium uptake. The liver appeared to concentrate the contrast medium. Curves of local contrast enhancement with time could be constructed by a CT scanner from the data of several consecutive scans and are of potential importance in the differential diagnosis of lesions detected on CT. Repeat postcontrast CT scans could be used to detect and characterize lesions which raise a diagnostic problem. The potential diagnostic advantages of calculating percent distribution volumes from CT scans are demonstrated and discussed.
Animals↗
Contrast absorption and pancreatic inflammation following experimental ERCP.
The effect of saline and contrast agents intraductally injected into the pancreatic duct in sufficient volume to cause acinarization was studied in normal rats and in rats with acute pancreatitis. The effect of pancreatic inflammation on the disappearance of injected contrast material was investigated by injecting meglumine diatrizoate and 125I into the pancreatic duct. The activity appeared quickly in the venous blood of normal rats (peak activity at 5 minutes after injection). In rats with sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis, the appearance of activity in the blood was retarded. Ninety-two percent of the rats demonstrated pancreatic atrophy or pancreatitis histologically four days following acinarization of intraductally injected saline or metrizamide, meglumine diatrizoate, or meglumine sodium diatrizoate.
Animals↗
Contrast enhancement pharmacokinetics of six ionic and nonionic contrast media.
The contrast enhancement of six contrast media (CM) was compared in 13 tissues of the rat after rapid intravenous bolus injection. The rats were sacrificed at 0 and 40 seconds and 2, 5, and 15 minutes after contrast injection. 125I labeled diatrizoate, metrizamide, ioxaglate, iohexol, iopamidol, and a nonionic dimer, iodecol, were each injected at a dose of 612 mg iodine per kg body weight, and iodine concentration (IC) and contrast enhancement were calculated from radioactivity measurements. Higher blood IC values were obtained with the nonionic CM; similar enhancement patterns were seen in the spleen, heart, lungs, and brain. Renal IC was directly related to the number of iodine atoms per ion or molecule of CM. In consequence, renal IC was inversely related to the CM osmolality, but no such correlation was seen with the blood IC. Metrizamide produced the greatest IC in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. There was no apparent correlation of IC with molecular structure of physicochemical parameters of the CM in any of the other tissues studied.
Animals↗
Renal complications of polyarteritis nodosa: CT findings.
Three patients with multiple renal complications of polyarteritis nodosa are described. The arteriographic findings in these patients were multiple arterial aneurysms and tissue infarctions, with the development of spontaneous intrarenal, subcapsular, and perirenal hemorrhagic complications. Computed tomography showed the hemorrhages and multiple renal infarcts; acute and late forms could be differentiated on the basis of contrast medium enhancement and scar formation.
Adult↗
The Leriche syndrome. A comparative investigation using angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography.
Nine patients with Leriche syndrome were examined with angiography, computed tomography and routine abdominal ultrasonography. The diagnosis was readily obtained with angiography and computed tomography, while ultrasonography conducted with a linear array real time scanner failed to establish essential features of the disorder. This is mainly because the thrombosed portion of the aorta does not produce any striking alteration of the echo structure of the vessel. Contrast computed tomography defines the abnormalities of the aorta in great detail.
Adult↗
Computed tomography in pre- and postoperative evaluation of aortic dissection.
Thirty-seven patients with angiographically or operatively confirmed acute, chronic or postoperative aortic dissection were examined by means of dynamic CT and the results compared with those obtained by angiography and ultrasonography (US). The diagnostic accuracy was 87 per cent for CT, 97 per cent for angiography, and 76 per cent for US, although US was only available in less than half of the cases. The highest accuracy (95%) of CT was achieved in the pre-operative group, which is comparable with the 97 per cent accuracy achieved using angiography. Three patients in the postoperative group had false negative CTs, resulting in an overall accuracy of 82 per cent as compared with 100 per cent for angiography. Despite its diagnostic capacity, CT could not define the complete extent of dissection in four patients. The descending thoracic aorta was the area most difficult for CT examinations because of frequent artifacts in the images.
Adult↗
Computed tomography of pleural lesions with special reference to the mediastinal pleura.
Computed tomography (CT) and conventional chest radiography were reviewed in retrospect in 84 patients in whom pleural pathology was suggested clinically. The importance of administration of contrast medium in distinguishing between malignant lesions and other pleural diseases was given special attention. CT was found to be of value in diagnosing and establishing the extent of pleural lesions, especially in the mediastinal region. All malignancies exhibited high contrast enhancement following intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium. There were no features specific for mesotheliomas distinguishing these from other pleural malignancies. Some benign infectious lesions also showed high contrast enhancement. High contrast enhancement thus indicated malignancy only if an infectious lesion could be excluded. If contrast enhancement was absent or slight, the lesion was likely to be benign. Clinical follow-up may be regarded as justified in such cases. Indirect signs were not helpful in distinguishing between malignant and benign lesions.
Contrast Media↗