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Biomedical subjects

L Kivisaari

Publications and source records attributed to L Kivisaari.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Microangiography of the pancreas in experimental oedemic and haemorrhagic pancreatitis.

UNLABELLED: Microangiography of the pancreas was performed in five normal piglets and in 10 piglets with oedemic and haemorrhagic pancreatitis in order to evaluate the role of microcirculatory changes in experimental pancreatitis. Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of trypsin-taurocholate and oedematous pancreatitis correspondingly by infusion of autologous diluted bile. Both types of pancreatitis were confirmed by histological examination. Microangiography of the control animals revealed well-filled arteries, arterioles and capillaries, which formed a dense capillary network. In the areas of histologically documented haemorrhagic pancreatitis, unfilled capillary nets were observed as empty areas in the microangiography. Other areas of focal extravasation of the contrast material could be seen. Arteries and arterioles were well filled. In oedematous pancreatitis, the microangiography was unchanged compared with the control. CONCLUSION: Acute experimental haemorrhagic pancreatitis is associated with severe disturbances in the capillary circulation of the pancreas, whereas in oedematous pancreatitis the microangiography of the pancreas is normal.

Angiography↗
PubMed1986

The value of CT in detecting pelvic lymph node metastases in cases of bladder and prostate carcinoma.

Fifty-one patients, 15 with bladder cancer and 36 with prostatic cancer, were examined by preoperative pelvic CT scanning in order to determine its sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in detecting pelvic lymph node metastases. The poor sensitivity of CT (40%) in detecting lymph node metastases reduces its value for staging lymph nodes. The reason for the low sensitivity is that metastases in nodes which are of normal size cannot be detected by CT. Pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the only accurate method for evaluating the state of pelvic lymph nodes.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Microangiography of the pancreas in experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

In experimental hemorrhagic pancreatitis induced with sodium-taurocholate-trypsin, contrast enhancement of the pancreas in computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be decreased in spite of normal pancreatic blood flow. The contrast enhancement in CT depends on blood flow to the organ, capillary permeability and the amount of extracellular fluid in the organ. For further evaluation of the role of microcirculatory changes in our model of hemorrhagic pancreatitis, microangiography was performed in five normal piglets and in ten piglets with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In this experimental model histological studies showed focal necroses, hemorrhages and leucocyte accumulation. In the affected areas microangiography revealed unfilled capillaries and extravasation of contrast medium. Arteries and arterioles were well filled, as in the normal control animals. These severe disturbances in the capillary circulation of the pancreas may explain the decreased contrast enhancement of the pancreas in CT during acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

CT in determining the depth of infiltration of bladder tumors.

The findings from 141 CT investigations of bladder tumors are compared with histopathological staging (103 cases) and clinical staging (36 cases). Twenty-five tumors could not be seen on CT and 2 tumors could not be staged because of artifacts caused by hip prosthesis. When the tumor was visible at CT and there was histological confirmation of the depth of the infiltration, we were able to differentiate extravesical tumor stages T3b and T4 from each other and from all the other stages in 49 of 59 cases (83%). However, CT failed to differentiate superficial from intramural tumor stages. The greatest value of CT in staging bladder tumors is in cases of deeply infiltrating tumors; examination should be made before biopsy or any therapeutic procedures are begun.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pancreatic blood flow and contrast enhancement in computed tomography during experimental pancreatitis.

The pancreatic blood flow and contrast enhancement in computed tomography (CT) were studied in 10 piglets weighing 17-25 kg with experimental pancreatitis. Each animal served as its own control. CT and blood flow measurements were made both before induction of pancreatitis and 5-6 h after the onset of the disease. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution, and was kept constant throughout the study by infusion of dextran and saline. Although the pancreatic blood flow remained constant in this experiment, CT showed a significant decrease in contrast enhancement.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Human leukocyte interferon as part of a combined treatment for previously untreated small cell lung cancer.

Human leukocyte interferon, HuIFN-alpha (LE), has been tested in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for previously untreated small cell lung cancer. Nine patients with limited disease received high-dose IFN followed by a low-dose regimen; and six patients had a low-dose regimen from the beginning. The high dosage of IFN consisted of 800 X 10(6) IU given as a continuous intravenous infusion for 5 days, followed by 6 X 10(6) IU i.m. three times weekly. If the first site of disease progression was local or in a central nervous system location, radiotherapy (55 Gy/20 F/7 weeks locally and/or 30 Gy/10 F/2 weeks whole brain) was applied and IFN was continued. Chemotherapy was administered only if there was disease dissemination outside the chest. Three patients achieved minor response for as long as 20, 25, and 42 weeks, respectively, with IFN alone. Three of five complete responders to IFN-radiotherapy died 18, 33, and 41 weeks from the start of IFN treatment without chemotherapy. Autopsy did not reveal macroscopic or microscopic tumor at any site, but there was severe radiation pneumonitis. Four of nine patients were administered chemotherapy subsequent to IFN-radiotherapy because of disease dissemination. The median length of survival of the entire group was 41 weeks. On the low-dose regimen, one patient achieved partial response with IFN alone (duration, 12 weeks); of five evaluable patients three achieved complete remission and two partial remission to IFN-radiotherapy, and one of the three complete responders to IFN-radiotherapy died of severe radiation pneumonitis at 21 weeks from the start of IFN treatment. No tumor was detected at autopsy. The study is in progress. Average survival at present is 33 weeks. The results derived from both our studies suggest a growth-delaying effect of HuIFN-alpha (Le) on small cell lung cancer. They also suggest potentiation of radiation by HuIFN-alpha (Le). Memory and psychomotor dysfunction, fatigue, and anorexia were dose limiting with both short-duration, high-dose and long-duration, low-dose IFN therapy. We feel that IFN, as part of a combined multimodality treatment of small cell lung cancer, may play a role by delaying metastatic dissemination.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Significance of extrapancreatic findings in computed tomography (CT) of acute pancreatitis.

Computed tomography (CT) has proven reliable in the early detection of acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the present study the extrapancreatic changes at CT were studied in 60 patients with acute pancreatitis. The CT findings were correlated to the early "prognostic signs" by Ranson and the clinical course of the disease. All the patients with minor extrapancreatic changes recovered without complications. When moderate to severe extrapancreatic changes were seen the incidence of haemorrhagic pancreatitis and the risk of development of pseudocyst or abscess was high. In these patients a dynamic contrast enhanced CT should be done in order to select the patients with haemorrhagic pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

A new method for the diagnosis of acute hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis using contrast-enhanced CT.

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with a first attack of alcohol-induced pancreatitis were studied using contrast-enhanced CT. The findings on CT were then related to the course of the disease. The patients with acute hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis showed significantly lower enhancement values of the pancreatic parenchyma than those with milder forms of the disease. The next 20 patients with severe pancreatitis were scanned using a slightly modified procedure. The enhancement values were calculated and plotted on the graphs for the 2 former groups. Two categories of pancreatic enhancement were found: "low enhancement" and "high enhancement." In all 10 patients with "low-enhancement" values surgery revealed hemorrhagic-necrotizing pancreatitis. In the 10 patients with "high-enhancement" values conservative treatment was continued, and the clinical course was nonfulminant in all of them.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the gallbladder in acute pancreatitis.

The gallbladder findings encountered in 59 patients examined because of a first attack of acute, alcohol-induced pancreatitis, are reported. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography was technically acceptable in 54 patients. In 85% of the patients the gallbladder finding was pathological. The density increase in the gallbladder contents was more than twice normal. Possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed. Intense contrast enhancement of the gallbladder wall was found in 87% of the cases. Increased wall thickness was observed in 64% of the patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Diagnostic value of ultrasound, computed tomography, and angiography in ruptured aortic aneurysms.

Some ruptural aneurysms cause nonspecific symptoms and the patients are referred for radiological examination because of the problems of differential diagnosis from conditions such as renal colic, diverticulitis, herniated disc, aortic dissection etc. Seven such patients have been examined either with ultrasonography, computed tomography or angiography. The diagnostic methods are compared. The more recent US and CT imaging methods are sufficiently rapid and reliable for diagnostic purposes, which should improve the prognosis for patients requiring immediate surgery for ruptured aortic aneurysms.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

The clinical significance of contrast enhanced computed tomography in acute pancreatitis.

58 patients with alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis were studied by contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT). The patients were divided into groups both on the basis of the clinical course and the prognostic signs. The contrast enhancement curves were then plotted for these patients. All patients with uncomplicated pancreatitis had increased or normal contrast enhancement, whereas all those with fulminant pancreatitis had decreased contrast enhancement of the pancreas. The patients with three, or more prognostic signs had lower enhancement values than those with fewer prognostic signs, but the prognostic signs did not correlate as well with the clinical course as did the contrast enhancement.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

The immediate effects of retrograde pancreatography on the pancreas.

Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) may be followed by elevated serum amylase or occasionally by pancreatitis. This is said to be due to the irritating effect of contrast media (CM) or to the cation content of CM. We investigated the effect of intraductally injected CM (ionic CM with and without sodium, non-ionic CM) on the porcine pancreas. All types of CM as well as control media (saline, 7% sodium bicarbonate solution) produced small foci of histological pancreatitis, although without any clinical signs of pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Early detection of acute fulminant pancreatitis by contrast-enhanced computed tomography.

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with a first attack of acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis were examined by computed tomography (CT). After a survey scan of the abdomen a rapid contrast bolus (400 mg I/kg) was given intravenously, and the contrast enhancement of the pancreatic parenchyma was measured from a consecutive series of pancreatic scans. Nine patients with a fulminant course of the disease were operated on, and haemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis was found in eight. In all of these the contrast enhancement was decreased or absent. Patients recovering by conservative treatment showed normal or increased enhancement. The contrast enhancement seems to constitute a useful criterion for the early differentiation of acute fulminant pancreatitis from less severe forms of the disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Lobar liver anatomy. Definition by CT.

A method for identifying the physiological border between the hepatic lobes on an enhanced CT scan is described. The definition is based on combined information from the gall bladder fossa--vena cava line and the middle hepatic vein line.

Gallbladder↗
PubMed1982

Pancreatic mobility: an important factor in pancreatic computed tomography.

In a few patients, the pancreas may be difficult to visualize with computed tomography (CT). To explain this, we measured the mobility of the pancreas after clinical endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and found that the normal and even the diseased pancreas is a mobile organ, moving with respiration more than its craniocaudal dimension. Therefore, during CT investigations the patient's breathing must be standardized.

Adult↗