Biomedical subjects

L Kivisaari

Publications and source records attributed to L Kivisaari.

150 records · Page 9Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Finnish Spitz dogs with focal epilepsy.

Eleven Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures and 3 healthy controls were evaluated. General clinical and neurological examinations, blood examination, urinalysis, cerebrospinal fluid examination, electroencephalography (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were performed on all dogs. On EEG examination, focal epileptic activity was found in 7 of 11 dogs (64%), and generalized epileptic activity was observed in 4 of 11 dogs (36%). MRI (performed with 1.5 T equipment) detected changes in 1 epileptic dog. Mild contrast enhancement after gadolinium injection was identified in this dog's right parietal cortex. However, no such changes were observed in repeated magnetic resonance images. Special emphasis was given to seizure history to determine any correlations between seizure intervals and MRI findings. Our results indicate that Finnish Spitz dogs with focal seizures suffer from focal idiopathic epilepsy and have nondetectable findings on MRI or pathology. MRI showed poor sensitivity in detecting epileptogenic areas in our patients with focal seizures. Reversible MRI changes in 1 dog could have been caused by seizures.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Sequential CT in monitoring experimental lung transplant.

The criteria for diagnosis of lung rejection remain controversial. In this study early changes in lung rejection were characterized using sequential CT with the aim of developing a sensitive and safe monitoring method, which would also provide specific information on graft status. Twenty-one experimental single lung transplants (SLTs) in piglets, including unmodified rejections, immunosuppressed recipients, and autogenic reimplants, were scanned using CT on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 22 up to 134 days after operation. In addition to morphological analysis, bilateral densitometric CT measurements of the peripheral lung parenchyma were used to evaluate the intensity of interstitial infiltration of lung grafts. Altogether 67 postoperative CT studies were carried out. Simultaneous transbronchial/thoracic biopsies were undertaken. The mean follow-up time was 28 days (range 0-134 days). The experience obtained was then used in relation to SLT in a male patient for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. All piglets had a typical hilar reimplantation response, which disappeared in 10-20 days. Two distinct patterns of radiological acute rejection were found. Increasing peripheral alveolar infiltrates reflected early massive rejection in untreated animals. In immunosuppressed animals, after the initial reimplantation response, acute rejection was detected as densitometrically measured diffuse interstitial infiltration over the whole graft. Local findings, like focal infections, were seen later in the lingula and basal portions of the graft. In the SLT patient, density changes preceded clinical rejection episodes, which responded to steroid therapy. In the experimental study, the lung graft was compared to normal contralateral lung. In the SLT patient, however, this was not possible, and, therefore, the subsequent repeated CT studies formed the basis of clinical follow-up. Sequential imaging and densitometric measurements allowed objective estimation of diffuse interstitial infiltration relating to rejection.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in focal pancreatic lesions.

Ultrasonically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed in 100 patients with a focal pancreatic lesion. The lesion was a well-defined solid mass of 1 to 4 cm in 37 cases, a well-defined solid mass of 4.5 to 10 cm in 28 cases, an intrapancreatic cystic lesion in 23 cases, and an ill-defined prominent area in 12 cases. The samples were taken with a one-hand instrument and 0.7 to 0.9 mm disposable needles without a puncture adaptor. The material was sufficient for cytologic analysis in 98 cases. Malignant cells were obtained in 44 of the 49 cases with pancreatic carcinoma and lymphoma cells in one case with lymphomatous infiltration. Four of the six cases of cystadenoma could be identified cytologically. In solid inflammatory lesions, the nature of the lesion was seen in 12 of the 17 cases. There were no false positive reports of malignancy. The solid prominent areas of normal pancreatic tissue yielded normal cytologic samples. Aspirates of cystic lesions in the pancreas revealed one malignant case, and infected lesions could be differentiated from non-infected in the rest. There was one complication in a patient with an obstructed and dilated common bile duct. The aspiration procedure caused severe pain and the operation was performed earlier than scheduled. Diagnostic material is obtained in the majority of ultrasound guided aspiration biopsies of the pancreas. In malignancy, false negative results occur in about 10 per cent of cases.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Aspiration biopsy of the spleen in patients with sarcoidosis.

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the spleen was performed on 101 patients with suggested sarcoidosis; it was the final diagnosis in 79. Adequate specimens were obtained in all cases with a 0.8 X 80 mm or 0.7 X 40 mm disposable needle. Fine-needle biopsy specimens of the spleen showed a granulomatous reaction in 19 out of the 79 cases with sarcoidosis (24%). There were three minor biopsy complications that required no treatment.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Chest radiography and computed tomography in the evaluation of mediastinal adenopathy in lymphoma.

Thoracic computed tomography (CT) in 232 patients with either primary staging of new or suggested relapsing lymphoma was compared with conventional chest radiography and both were correlated with clinical staging. Particular attention was given to the possibility of reducing routine thoracic CT, which is the current method used in this hospital in all patients with suggested lymphoma. Mediastinal lymphoma was detected by CT in 95 per cent of patients with clinically active mediastinal lymphoma, and by conventional chest radiography in 56 per cent. CT was found to be less reliable in evaluation of the hilar region than in that of other mediastinal areas. No areas of particular difficulty were found with chest radiography. CT also provided additional information concerning extra-mediastinal lymph adenopathy and involvement of the thoracic wall and pericardium. Routine thoracic CT examination was considered justifiable in all patients with suggested lymphoma.

False Negative Reactions↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ionic and non-ionic contrast media used for contrast-enhanced computed tomography in experimental pancreatitis.

Contrast enhancement of the pancreas was studied in pigs using dynamic computed tomography in experimental oedematous and haemorrhagic/necrotizing pancreatitis during the first two minutes after injection of an intravenous bolus of non-ionic contrast medium (iohexol). The prospects of separating the two forms of the disease, known to be possible with ionic contrast media, were tested with a non-ionic contrast medium. In the oedematous form, contrast enhancement after 5 hours of the disease was significantly higher than in the haemorrhagic/necrotizing form. Contrast enhancement after 30 hours of disease tended to vary with the severity of the disease, showing that the course of oedematous pancreatitis is dynamic. Intermediate forms occur and follow-up studies are needed during the disease. A non-ionic contrast medium proved as good for separating the two forms of the disease in the early phase as were ionic contrast media. In severely ill patients, non-ionic contrast media should therefore be used.

Animals↗