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Biomedical subjects

L Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to L Goldberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Perturbation of epidermal Langerhans cells in basal cell carcinomas.

Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) play a pivotal role in a variety of local immune responses. Using ATPase-stained preparations, we evaluated the density and morphologic features of these cells in the skin of 12 patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC). In three patients, we compared the density of LC in the tumor to that in the perilesional skin. In these cases, there was no difference in the numbers of LC/mm2 in the two sites. Perturbations of ATPase-positive, dendritic LC were evident in all specimens. These perturbations included various degrees of disruption of the usually uniform LC network and alterations in the morphology of LC. Many LC had rounded, deformed cell bodies, dendrites that were shortened or completely absent, and variations in the intensity of ATPase staining. With the use of an image analyzer, a measure of the deviation from circularity--a "dendricity index" (DI)--was obtained, based on the area and perimeter of the LC. A significantly lower DI, implying a predominance of less dendritic, more rounded LC, was observed in LC at the BCC surface than in LC present in perilesional skin. This finding raises the possibility that BCC may arise in areas where the morphology, or activity, of these immune cells has been altered; alternatively, the perturbations could reflect an effect of the tumor cells on LC morphology.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1987

Nonexcisional therapy for benign skin lesions.

Benign skin lesions are commonly seen and treated in the physician's office using standard equipment. These simple techniques may be easily learned and can and should be effectively employed by plastic surgeons.

Chemexfoliation↗
PubMed1986

Activation levels, EEG, and behavioural responses.

Fifteen male alcoholic patients, who were divided into 3 different groups and treated for 3 weeks with placebo, phenobarbital or diazepam, were examined once a week in 3 different states of activation, varying from relaxation to moderate and high demand attention. Frequency-analyzed EEG recording, pulse rate, drug plasma levels, mood and performance were evaluated. The aim of this paper was to find an explanation in the EEG for responding correctly or in a non-adequate way to stimuli. Based on the activation theory of vigilant behaviour, the EEG recordings of the first examination were analyzed before, during and after the presentation of specific stimuli and related to 4 types of responses (hit, miss, false response, correct rejection) to ascertain whether prestimulus patterns were connected with different types of behavioural poststimulus responses. The EEG patterns were found to be dependent on the type of drug administered as well as on the complexity of the task performed. In all 3 treatment groups, low EEG changes before stimulus onset seemed to be the necessary condition for adequate behavioural responses. A high variability between time-points seemed to indicate a subvigilant state which led to non-adequate responses and possibly to internally induced stimuli in the vigilance test to overcome this state. In the stress phase, however, the missed responses were possibly due to selective attention to the simultaneously appearing non-relevant stimuli. The conclusion must be drawn that, at least in alcoholic patients in the acute withdrawal phase, the EEG prior to and during the stimulus presentation plays a decisive role in determining the type of emerging behavioural response: the differential high variability of the EEG is response-specific, whereas the actual power values depend on the medication given and the task performed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Charting a course for cell culture alternatives to animal testing.

Cell culture systems (CCS) are finding increasing use in toxicology. They supplement and amplify existing tests in animals, and play a special role in the iterative process involved in studies of mechanisms of toxic action. The need is stressed for adequate standardization and validation of CCS, and meticulous conduct of tests using such systems. A review of some examples of current work with CCS highlights "designer" CCS, primary systems developed for research on morphological, biochemical, and other aspects of toxic action at particular target sites. An account of the use of CCS in studying the stepwise process of neoplastic transformation focuses on C3H/10T1/2 C18 cells in regard to initiation and promotion. CCS of human origin reveal the anticipated interindividual differences in metabolic characteristics and susceptibility to toxic action. Human CCS, especially primary epidermal keratinocytes, are making important contributions to understanding the actions of dioxins. Reasons for the continuing need for whole animals in toxicology are analyzed, to reveal some strategies by which CCS may prove increasingly successful as replacements.

Animal Testing Alternatives↗
PubMed1985

Nutrition and exercise.

The nutritional aspects of exercise are topics of popular interest, misconception, and active research. In this article, the authors review basic concepts of muscle metabolism; information concerning the role of exercise in weight loss; dietary supplements for athletes, including nutrition for competition; and eating disorders among those performing vigorous exercise.

Appetite↗
PubMed1985

Thrombolytic therapy for delayed occlusion of knitted Dacron bypass grafts in the axillofemoral, femoropopliteal and femorotibial positions.

Selective intra-arterial streptokinase therapy successfully reopened ten axillofemoral and lower extremity Dacron bypass grafts that had undergone delayed closure from two to 47 months after implantation. In four, completion arteriograms revealed no runoff obstruction acquired since implantation; additional runoff obstruction had developed in the remaining six. All of the grafts without obstruction have remained open from two to 11 months. Three of the six grafts with obstruction have remained open from two and one-half to four months after specific surgical correction of the obstructive lesion. We conclude that intra-arterial streptokinase therapy is an effective means to reopen knitted Dacron grafts that have undergone delayed closure in the axillofemoral and above-knee femoropopliteal positions.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The effect of physical activity on lipid and lipoprotein levels.

There is more than an intuitive link between the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle and an increase in cardiovascular disease. Physical activity has been associated with a reduced incidence of coronary mortality in cross-sectional and prospective studies. However, an independent relationship between exercise, fitness, and the level of total cholesterol, HDL-C, and triglycerides has been difficult to establish. The effects of training on these parameters may occur only as a consequence of alteration in body habitus, diet, smoking, or ethanol and medication use. Evidence to date suggests that persons with higher cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels, as well as individuals with lower HDL-C levels, have favorable changes in these measurements after either endurance or resistive exercise training. Mechanisms that include metabolism and catabolism of lipid and lipoproteins have been discussed. The finding that self-report of vigorous activity, rather than treadmill time, correlates well with favorable lipoprotein levels suggests that performance of physical work, not necessarily aerobic training, is responsible for these alterations. The exercise dose (intensity, duration, frequency) and total time period necessary, as well as mechanism of lipid and lipoprotein change, requires further elucidation.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1984

Changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels after weight training.

Lipid and lipoprotein levels were prospectively studied in previously sedentary men (mean age, 33 years) and women (mean age, 27 years) undergoing 16 weeks of weight-training exercise. Women demonstrated a 9.5% reduction of cholesterol, 17.9% decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and 28.3% lowering of triglycerides. The ratios of total cholesterol-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and LDL cholesterol-HDL cholesterol were reduced 14.3% and 20.3%, respectively. Among men, LDL cholesterol was reduced 16.2%, while the ratios of total cholesterol-HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol-HDL cholesterol were lowered 21.6% and 28.9%, respectively. Weight-training exercise appears to result in favorable changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels in previously sedentary men and women.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Resistance exercise and plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophin immunoreactivity.

Serum cortisol and plasma beta-endorphin/beta-lipotrophin hormone (LPH) immunoreactivity were measured in five males before and after endurance exercise (treadmill) and burst activity resistance exercise (weight lifting). Mean beta-endorphin/beta-LPH immunoactivity increased significantly following treadmill testing (p less than .05) and weight training (p less than .06). Post-exercise hormonal values were similar for the two activities. The hormonal changes previously reported with endurance activities also occur with burst activity exercise.

Endorphins↗
PubMed1984

The nails in keratosis lichenoides chronica. Characteristics and response to treatment.

Keratosis lichenoides chronica may be seen clinically and histologically as a variant of lichen planus. One in three patients have nail involvement with changes that may superficially resemble psoriasis, but pitting and pustulosis do not occur. Hyperkeratotic hypertrophy of the periungual tissues is a distinctive feature. Psoralens and UV-A therapy as well as etretinate have improved some cases.

Etretinate↗
PubMed1983

Recognition and treatment of recurrent basal cell carcinoma.

The recognition and treatment of recurrent basal cell cancer presents a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic problem. While recurrences are often masked by previous surgical efforts, there are definite clinical features that warrant suspicion and subsequent biopsy. Adequate therapy can come only with accurate recognition and aggressive treatment using microscopical control.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗