The establishment of imitation and its use for the development of complex behavior in schizophrenic children.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
L Freitas
Publications and source records attributed to L Freitas.
The relationship of education to critical thinking ability and values among nurses: socialization into professional nursing.
Exposure to faculty is assumed to positively influence critical thinking ability and professional values; therefore, faculty must be assumed to be superior in these characteristics. As a first step toward testing these assumptions, this study used a cross-sectional survey technique to compare critical thinking ability and values in ADN-prepared (n = 32) and BSN-prepared (n = 32) registered nurses, nursing faculty (n = 32), and sophomore college students (n = 32) beginning a baccalaureate degree program in nursing. The critical thinking ability of faculty was not significantly higher than that of sophomore nursing students when the influence of age was controlled statistically. The values of all three groups of nurses were strikingly similar, although faculty valued achievement most highly (P = .0001), while sophomore students valued goal orientation most highly (P = .001). All subjects valued support highly, but only sophomore students valued benevolence highly.
Adolescent↗
Historical roots and future perspectives related to nursing ethics.
This article traces the evolution of the development and the refinement of the professional code from concerns about the ethical conduct of nurses to its present state as a professional code for all nurses. The importance and the relationship of the Ethics Committee of the American Nurses' Association (ANA) to the development of the code and other ANA programs and structural units is also presented. The recognized need for a code of ethics to establish nursing as a profession has been present throughout the evolution of the professional nursing organization. A distinction between ethical conduct of nurses and a code of ethics for professional nurses has been made by nursing leaders. The code has been refined to reflect nursing's changing relationship to society and the societal concerns of the times.
American Nurses' Association↗
The creative teacher.
The challenge to adequately prepare students for the increasingly diverse profession of nursing is great. Due to a more heterogeneous population of nursing students, educators have to be more flexible in their approaches to education. As a result, educators are searching for more creative approaches to teaching. The authors examined what makes teaching creative. They identified creative nursing educators and examined their common approaches and strategies.
Creativity↗
Ethical issues in the behavioral treatment of children and adolescents.
This article addresses a need to assess the acceptibility and evaluation of behavioral treatment as it is applied in child and adolescent inpatient settings. The choice of when and how to use behavioral interventions and the implications of these choices may present the nurse with certain ethical dilemmas related to ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and maleficence. In addition, the inpatient milieu structure is examined relative to possible ethical dilemmas.
Adolescent↗
[Hepatitis B virus markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells].
Recent studies have shown tropism of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The consequences of this phenomenon and their clinical use are not yet clear, however. Seventy-nine patients were studied between March 1989 and October 1990. Sixty-nine patients had chronic liver disease with histological evaluations, and 10 were vaccinated for HBV. The following markers were determined: serum: HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, antitotal-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, HBV-DNA; lysated PMBC cells: HBsAg, HBeAg. Hepatic tissue: HBsAg, HBcAg. Four groups were formed according to serology. Group I--positive HBsAg patients (n = 25) HBsAg was observed in the lysated of PBMC in 19 (76%) of the patients. HBeAg in PBMC was detected in 8 (32%), all of them showed evidence of viral replication (presence of HBcAg and/or HBV-DNA in the serum HBcAg in the tissue). Group II--antitotal HBc/anti-HBs positive (n = 14), HBsAg in PBMC was found in 5 (36%) and HBeAg in 1 (7.0%). In this patient replication markers in the serum and in the tissue (HBV-DNA, HBcAg) was also present. Three patients out of 9 anti-HBs positive had HBsAg in PBMC. Group III--seronegative patients for HBV. HBsAg was present in PBMC in 2 (6.6%) of the patients, but was absent in all of them. There was concomitant presence of HBsAg in MN and the hepatic tissue in 1 patient. Replication markers were not observed in the group. Group IV--10 asymptomatic individuals vaccinated for HBV. Except anti-HBs in serum, no other HBV marker could be identified in serum or in PBMC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Behavior modification approach in a partial day treatment center.
Since the beginning of the program in September 1970, we have found that a combined behavioral program of individual therapy, home intervention, and group therapy to be the most effective for maintaining a person in his community. In addition, we have not seen a need for a full eight-hour day in the clinic. Rather, we operate on the principle that it is more adaptive to keep a patient functioning in the community (natural environment) with support from us. For the extremely or severely disorganized person, we have found the application of behavior modification principles to be the most useful in the terms of establishing and maintaining adaptive behaviors, of interruptin and decreasing maladaptive behaviors and of offering support and guidance (generalization) to patients and families. We have also increased the amount of individual therapy and intensified the home intervention program. These changes have been based upon subjective data as well as objective data (change in patient behavior while receiving and following a particular mode of therapy). The program has undergone many changes since its inception. We have found the behavior modification modality to be effective for establishing a program that patients can generalize to their community setting. Our constant thrust is to utilize already existing agencies in the community and to optimally assist the patient so that he may remain in his community. We have gone from an eclectic program to a systematic behavior modification program. The present behavioral program has been demonstrated to be an effective modality for the training of personnel. We are grateful to our staff for their cooperation and suggestions in making the program successful. In addition, we are indebted to our late Director, Curtis W; Gifford--a loyal and dedicated friend. We particularly appreciate his administrative skills and encouragement in developing an autonomous program.
Anomie↗