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Biomedical subjects

L Durand

Publications and source records attributed to L Durand.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Corneal graft].

As an architectonic, transparent and dioptric structure, the cornea plays an important role in the anatomy and physiology of the eye. Corneal grafting consists of replacing an irreversibly damaged cornea by a healthy cornea taken from a donor. Lamellar and transfixiant keratoplasty techniques are now well codified in their modus operandi and their indications. The marvellous and dramatic results achieved in some types of corneal lesions, such as keratoconus, stand in sharp contrast with the still mediocre results obtained in other lesions. Technical, surgical and above all biological research is therefore needed to improve our knowledge of rejection mechanisms and surgical failures.

Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary↗
PubMed1989

Natural history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in women in Rhode Island.

PURPOSE: Current recommendations for treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and for prophylaxis against associated opportunistic infections in North America are largely based on observations of HIV infection in males. In an effort to determine whether the natural history and clinical course may be different, with implications relevant to prophylaxis against opportunistic infections, we have documented the clinical courses of the first 24 known cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in women in Rhode Island, most of whom developed Centers for Disease Control-defined AIDS before the availability of an effective antiviral agent (i.e., zidovudine) or a well-defined approach to prophylaxis against opportunistic infections (e.g., oral trimethoprimsulfa). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects in this study are 24 women with AIDS who were treated by members of the Brown University medical faculty from June 1982 through June 1988. All patients had thorough clinical evaluations and appropriate laboratory studies as they became available. All were followed at intervals no greater than two months. All opportunistic infections were treated by appropriate, specific antimicrobial therapy. When zidovudine became available, it was administered to all remaining patients in the study. All subjects were counseled about HIV infection, its modes of transmission, and the early symptoms of opportunistic infections. RESULTS: These observations yielded the following three major findings: (1) Candida esophagitis was the most common (38%) AIDS-defining event; (2) Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was less frequently the AIDS-defining event (13%) and occurred less commonly during the illness (29%) than in North American males with AIDS; (3) Of 14 women in whom the diagnosis of AIDS was established before January 1, 1987, the mean survival time after diagnosis was greater than 20 months. CONCLUSION: More information on the natural history of HIV infection in North American women is urgently needed. If more extensive data from other geographic regions confirm the observations in this study, the optimal approach to prophylaxis against opportunistic infections in women with AIDS may be substantially different from that which is most appropriate for males.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

[Wedge resection, corrective treatment of giant corneal astigmatism].

This study divides major astigmatism into 2 groups for which the authors advocate a new type of wedge resection. Group I includes 18 patients with astigmatism occurring as a complication of penetrating keratoplasty. Group II includes 10 patients with astigmatism due to circumscribed peripheral limbal corneal dystrophy. Wedge resection over a 180 degrees corneal arc resulted in a significant reduction of preoperative astigmatism and an improvement of visual acuity. Use of a photokeratoanalysor could permit better prediction of the expected effect of wedge resection. This instrument provides measurements of all corneal parameters necessary for determining whether surgery should be performed and which technique to use.

Astigmatism↗
PubMed1987

[An obstetrical injury as the etiology of chronic corneal edema. Clinical study with scanning microscopy].

The case of a young woman with an unilateral corneal edema with regular folds of the descemet's membrane is reported. These lesions originate from an obstetrical traumatism by forceps and are associated with cutaneous scars of the temples. Scanning electron microscopy of the cornea shows multiple endothelial fissures; they are responsible for the late corneal decompensation.

Adult↗