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Biomedical subjects

L B Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to L B Nelson.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Diagnosis and management of cataracts in infancy and childhood.

Congenital and developmental cataracts are a major cause of visual impairment in children. They may occur as an isolated ocular finding in an otherwise healthy child or as part of a hereditary syndrome or congenital nongenetic disease. Management of significant unilateral and bilateral congenital cataracts involves early patient identification and evaluation followed by prompt surgery. Appropriate optical rehabilitation and occlusion therapy for amblyopia must begin shortly thereafter. The visual prognosis of a congenital cataract is poorer in unilateral than in bilateral cases and in total than in partial cataracts. Visual rehabilitation is also poorer in those cases in which the cataract is associated with other ocular abnormalities.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1984

Intralesional corticosteroid injections for infantile hemangiomas of the eyelid.

Infants with capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid are at risk for amblyopia and strabismus. Several methods of treating these tumors have been associated with complications and limitations. The use of intralesional corticosteroid injections has been demonstrated to be a simple, safe, and effective method of treating capillary hemangiomas of the eyelid.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1984

Developmental aspects in the assessment of visual function in young children.

The developmental aspects in the assessment of visual acuity in the preverbal child have been reviewed. Several investigative techniques indicate that visual acuity of infants increases significantly between birth and age 6 months. Transient oculomotor deviation in infancy must be differentiated from pathologic ocular conditions. Changes in refraction of the developing eye that occur normally and as a result of an ocular disorder must be recognized and managed early in the infant's life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Clinical, computed tomographic, and histopathologic characteristics of juvenile ossifying fibroma with orbital involvement.

A 9-year-old boy who had had painless progressive proptosis of the right eye for 18 months, initially diagnosed as fibrous dysplasia, was found to have a circumscribed mass involving the frontal bone in the roof of the orbit. Biopsy of the mass led to the diagnosis of juvenile ossifying fibroma and the tumor was removed by a craniotomy approach. One year after surgery, the child appeared to be healthy. Ossifying fibroma can sometimes be differentiated from fibrous dysplasia both clinically and by computed tomography. Ossifying fibroma usually appears between the ages of 7 and 28 years and produces slowly progressive proptosis and displacement of the globe in a direction that depends on the original site of the tumor. Fibrous dysplasia usually develops during the first decade of life and produces facial asymmetry, proptosis, and displacement of the globe. An ossifying fibroma characteristically has well-defined margins, is round or ovoid, is usually monostotic, and produces expansion of the involved bone. Fibrous dysplasia is usually sclerotic and expands the bone throughout its length rather than in a localized fashion. Its borders are poorly defined and the lesion is often polyostotic.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Diagnosis and management of strabismus and amblyopia.

Strabismus and amblyopia are among the most common eye problems encountered in children. Proper assessment and management require a knowledge of the various types, methods of detection, and principles of treatment. The role of the pediatrician is emphasized because of the importance of early detection.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1983

Pediatric eye trauma.

Ocular trauma is a much more common cause of visual loss than is generally recognized. The authors present guidelines for the examination of eye injuries and follow with a discussion of the more common and more serious traumatic injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Cyclic strabismus.

An unusual age of presentation of cyclic strabismus, which became constant in a relatively short period of time without a previous history of surgery, trauma, or strabismus, is reported. The mechanism of cyclic strabismus is still unknown; however, most cases are treated successfully with strabismus surgery. Cyclic strabismus is distinct from other rhythmic diseases in that peripheral manipulation of the target organ results in resolution of the deviation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopia lentis.

Ectopia lentis was first described more than 200 years ago, but its value as a significant diagnostic clue to the presence of other ocular and systemic disorders has only recently been appreciated. Ectopia lentis may cause a marked reduction in visual acuity, which varies with the type and degree of dislocation and the presence of other ocular abnormalities. An approach to the diagnostic evaluation of the patient with ectopia lentis is outlined. The differential diagnosis is reviewed in detail both clinically and histologically. The complications of ectopia lentis and the appropriate management of affected patients are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What do color blind children really see? Guidelines for clinical prescreening based on recent findings.

Recent research on classical red-green blind observers has shown that complete dichromacy may be present only under conditions where the viewing angle is small. For viewing angles greater than about 4 degrees, both rods and an anomalous cone have been shown to underlie a weak form of trichromacy. The conditions for rod or anomalous cone mediation of this trichromacy have also been shown to depend on the overall viewing luminance. These data taken together prompt a rethinking of the classical view of red-green dichromacy and lead to new considerations of the color discrimination performance of dichromatic candidates. In this paper we review the recent research on the presence of trichromatic abilities in classical dichromats and we relate these findings to the needs of the clinician, especially in the screening of young children.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aniridia. A review.

Aniridia occurs as a phenotypically heterogeneous condition which may be inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder or as part of several systemic syndromes. It has been linked with the loci of chromosomes 1 and 2 and associated with the deletion of the p-13 band of chromosome 11. Aniridia may occur in a highly penetrant form in association with other ocular abnormalities with poor vision or in a more variable form with good vision. The recognition of a child with sporadic aniridia should alert physicians to the increased risk of development of Wilms' tumor.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prenatal diagnostic techniques. Chorionic villus sampling.

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a new prenatal diagnostic technique which is performed in the first trimester of pregnancy. Traditional methods of prenatal diagnosis, including amniocentesis and fetoscopy, must be performed in the midtrimester. In concert with the development of DNA methods of fetal cell analysis, first trimester fetal diagnosis utilizing CVS offers many advantages over traditional mid-trimester techniques. In addition, CVS may potentially allow therapeutic intervention to prevent or ameliorate some congenital defects.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital esotropia.

Congenital esotropia represents the most common type of strabismus. Its pathogenesis, however, remains uncertain. It is typically characterized as a large angle, constant esotropia with onset during the first six months of life. Associated clinical findings include normal refractive errors for age, amblyopia, dissociated vertical deviation, inferior oblique muscle overaction and nystagmus. It must be distinguished from Duane's retraction syndrome, Moebius syndrome, nystagmus blockage syndrome, and early onset accommodative esotropia, as well as other causes of esotropia in infancy. The surgical management may involve recession of both medial recti muscles, unilateral recession of a medial rectus muscle and a resection of a lateral rectus muscle or three or four muscle surgery.

Botulinum Toxins↗