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Biomedical subjects

L B Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to L B Nelson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Occurrence of strabismus in infants born to drug-dependent women.

Maternal drug abuse during pregnancy exposes the fetus to the possibility of toxic or addicting effects. At a methadone hydrochloride maintenance program providing medical care to drug-dependent women and their infants, ophthalmologic examinations of all infants born during a 36-month period were performed. Twenty-nine infants prenatally exposed to psychoactive drugs were seen at birth and on follow-up. The 24% prevalence of strabismus found in the drug-exposed infants was significantly greater than that of 2.8% to 5.3% reported in the general population. These data suggest that maternal drug abuse and increased methadone dosage during pregnancy may predispose infants to the development of strabismus.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma based on dysmorphic features and karyotype analysis.

Karyotype analysis of two children with congenital dysmorphic features showed chromosome 13 deletion involving band 13q14. Ophthalmic examination prompted by the karyotype findings resulted in early diagnosis of unilateral multifocal retinoblastoma in each child. Therapy at this early stage of disease allowed preservation of vision in the affected eye in each child.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Persistent strabismus presenting after cataract surgery.

To determine causative factors of persistent strabismus presenting after cataract surgery, the surgical techniques and subsequent motility findings of eight patients who had persistent postoperative strabismus were studied. In two of the eight patients, complications related to the placement of the bridle suture were believed causative based on subsequent surgical findings. A similar etiology could be speculated in an additional three patients. An isolated vascular accident coincident to the cataract operation could account for a sixth case. The final two patients were believed to have a decompensated congenital fourth nerve palsy. In no patients could the myotoxic effect of a local anesthetic or the hypoxic effect of an ocular pressure-reduction device plausibly account for the deviation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Large unilateral medial rectus recession for the treatment of esotropia.

Sixteen patients with moderate angle esotropia of 30 to 35 prism dioptres were treated with a unilateral medial rectus muscle recession of 6 or 6.5 mm. Thirteen of sixteen patients (80%) were straight postoperatively or had 12 prism dioptres or less of esotropia. Three of the 16 had greater than 12 prism dioptres of esotropia, and none were exotropic. This procedure should be considered as an alternative approach in the treatment of moderate angle esotropia.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Surgical management of large angle congenital esotropia.

Ninety-seven patients with congenital esotropia with deviations of 50 prism dioptres or greater underwent large (6 and 7 mm) bimedial rectus recessions. The overall success rate with one operation was 83.5%. Judgment of final alignment was made at the last follow-up examination, six to 61 months (average 23.4 months) postoperatively. Large bimedial rectus recessions for congenital esotropia are an effective surgical treatment which does not significantly alter adduction.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1987

Lower lid retraction in traumatic disinsertion of the inferior rectus muscle.

Traumatic disinsertion of an inferior rectus muscle in a 25-year-old man was diagnosed preoperatively by an associated lower lid retraction. This finding is significant in differentiating a traumatic disinsertion of the inferior rectus from an inferior rectus palsy secondary to an orbital floor fracture. Associated findings include ipsilateral hypertropia, impaired depression of the affected eye in abduction, the formation of a sulcus in the lower lid on attempted downgaze, negative forced duction testing, and positive forced muscle generation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Herpetic canalicular obstruction.

The viruses of primary herpes simplex, herpes zoster, chicken pox, and vaccinia may produce inflammatory changes in the epithelial lining of the lacrimal canaliculi, resulting in varying degrees of obstruction. Five cases are described and compared with previously reported cases. A review of the literature suggests that the association of ocular viral infections and canalicular complications may be more prevalent than previously suspected. The possible important role of antiviral agents is considered. Early recognition and intubation can often prevent permanent canalicular obstruction, but late cases may require the Jones tube procedure, conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy.

Child↗
PubMed1987

Eye injuries in childhood.

A 3-year survey was conducted of all children with eye injuries admitted to Wills Eye Hospital to determine demographic, etiologic, and prophylactic factors. There were 278 cases, representing 22% of all ocular injuries in children requiring admission. The frequency of childhood ocular injuries is high, often resulting in serious visual impairment. Many of these injuries are preventable. The causes of pediatric eye injuries and preventive measures are discussed.

Accidents↗
PubMed1987

Rieger's anomaly associated with Marfan's syndrome.

A 7 1/2-year-old girl was found to have clinical evidence of Marfan's syndrome associated with abnormalities of the anterior segment, including a prominent, anteriorly displaced Schwalbe's line with iris attachments and iris hypoplasia. The unusual association of Marfan's syndrome and Rieger's anomaly is discussed.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1986

Ocular motility disturbances following cosmetic blepharoplasty.

Five patients developed diplopia following cosmetic blepharoplasty. While temporary diplopia and visual disturbances are known to occur following this type of surgery, the persistence of diplopia with demonstrable muscle imbalance is not common. We encountered ocular motility complications involving the inferior or oblique muscle, inferior rectus muscle, and superior oblique tendon.

Diplopia↗
PubMed1986

Severe adduction deficiency following a large medial rectus recession in Duane's retraction syndrome.

Duane's retraction syndrome is a congenital eye movement disorder characterized by a deficiency of abduction, mild limitation of adduction, with retraction and narrowing of the palpebral fissure on attempted adduction. Two patients with this condition had a large medial rectus recession for a cosmetically unacceptable face turn and esotropia in primary position. Both patients had the unusual complication of severe limitation of adduction postoperatively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Spasmus nutans. A benign clinical entity?

Spasmus nutans occurs in early childhood and consists of a triad of symptoms as follows: small-amplitude, rapid, horizontal nystagmus in one or both eyes asymmetrically; head nodding; and anomalous head position. Once thought to be a benign clinical entity, there are an increasing number of reports linking spasmus nutans to optic nerve and chiasmal gliomas. We describe 14 patients with spasmus nutans, none of whom were found to have a tumor with computed tomographic scanning. One patient, however, had an arachnoid cyst and an empty sella and another patient had a porencephalic cyst. The diagnosis of spasmus nutans, its implications, and its management are discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Results of late probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

One hundred four consecutive patients (138 eyes) with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction were probed after the age of 13 months. One hundred twenty-nine eyes (93.5) were cured after the first probing. Based on this study and others showing the effectiveness of medical management, it is the current practice of the authors to delay probing until the patient is at least 13 months of age.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Signs and symptoms in the presentation of primary infantile glaucoma.

Delayed initiation of proper therapy for infants with primary infantile glaucoma results in an unnecessarily poor outcome. In an effort to understand why some infants and children had more advanced disease than others, researchers reviewed the records of 24 consecutive infants and children with this problem. The presenting signs and symptoms were studied in particular. As noted by the parents, only 32% had the full classic symptom complex of epiphora and photophobia/blepharospasm. Twenty-one percent of infants and children presented with parents having noted signs of infantile glaucoma without ever noting symptoms. More than 90% of infants and children had signs of glaucoma at their initial presentation to a physician. Signs of glaucoma are apparently more difficult to appreciate in bilateral cases. In each of the three cases in which physicians repeatedly failed to make the diagnosis or refer the patient to an ophthalmologist bilateral disease was present. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of primary infantile glaucoma will allow physicians to refer infants and children at a time when good vision may be maintained in the majority of cases.

Conjunctivitis↗
PubMed1985

Retrobulbar anesthesia in strabismus surgery. II. Use of a short-acting anesthetic agent.

Forty-two patients underwent strabismus surgery with a retrobulbar injection of 3% chloroprocaine hydrochloride. In the 18 patients who were followed up in the immediate postoperative period, the average duration of action of 3% chloroprocaine was found to be 2.13 hours. In addition to the advantages of local anesthesia, this short-acting anesthetic permits earlier modifications of adjustable sutures and the earlier discharge of patients on the same day as surgery.

Adolescent↗