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Biomedical subjects

L B Nelson

Publications and source records attributed to L B Nelson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Diagnosis and management of childhood strabismus.

Strabismus is one of the most common ocular disorders encountered in children. The misalignment may be manifest in any field of gaze, may be constant or intermittent, and may occur at near or distant fixation or both. Early detection of strabismus is essential for restoration of proper alignment of the visual axes and the establishment of binocular vision. The proper assessment and management of a child with strabismus requires knowledge of the various clinical types, methods of detection and principles of treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Outpatient management of traumatic microhyphemas.

Traumatic microhyphema is an entity encountered in emergency rooms and general ophthalmology practices. The management of traumatic microhyphema has not been well defined in the literature. We discuss the effectiveness of our treatment regimen and the incidence of rebleed in patients with microhyphema.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hemihang-back recession: description of the technique and review of the literature.

We describe a modification of the hang-back and loop techniques that we call the hemihang-back recession, in which the muscle is reattached to the sclera posterior to the original insertion with a single, absorbable suture. We recommend it for difficult strabismus cases, specifically when recessions of 7 mm or more are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Aminocaproic acid prophylaxis in traumatic hyphema.

Oral aminocaproic acid has been shown to be effective in clot stabilization and in the reduction of secondary bleeding rates in cases of traumatic hyphema. In a retrospective study of 105 patients treated during a 1-year period, we found the incidence of rebleeding in patients with traumatic hyphema who received aminocaproic acid prophylaxis was 2%; the incidence in those who did not was 25%.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1989

Acute acquired comitant esotropia.

Acute acquired comitant esotropia has been used to describe a dramatic onset of a relatively large angle of esotropia with diplopia and minimal refractive error. We describe six children aged 5 to 11 years who developed an acute non-accommodative esotropia with diplopia. Neurological examination, including CT scan, in each of these children gave negative results. We suggest that this is an unusual presentation of esotropia of undetermined aetiology. The diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and management are discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Functional blinking in childhood.

At the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Wills Eye Hospital, 17 children, 18 months to 10 years of age, were seen with a chief complaint of intermittent excessive blinking. Eight (47%) of the patients had been referred for ophthalmologic examination by their pediatrician for evaluation of this symptom. All were in excellent health with no associated symptoms or signs of systemic or ocular disease. None of the children were taking topical ocular or systemic medications. The parents of seven (41%) of these children were able to identify a temporally related stressful event that coincided with the onset of blinking. Durations of the symptom prior to examination ranged from 1 week to 4 months. Spontaneous resolution occurred from one day to 5 months after the first ophthalmologic examination. Recurrence occurred in only one child, but resolution was still completed within 5 months. Excessive eye blinking unassociated with other systemic or ocular findings appears to be a medically benign, self-limited functional disorder.

Blinking↗
PubMed1989

Eye injuries in childhood: demography, etiology, and prevention.

A 1-year survey was conducted of all children with eye injuries seen in the Wills Eye Hospital emergency room to determine demographic, etiologic, and prophylactic factors. There were 810 children with ocular trauma. Childhood ocular injuries are frequent, often resulting in serious visual impairment. Many of these injuries are preventable.

Accidents↗
PubMed1988

Extended-wear contact lenses for the treatment of pediatric aphakia.

The practicality of extended-wear contact lenses in the refractive correction of pediatric aphakia was assessed with 240 eyes in 184 patients. Patient ages at the time of contact lens fitting ranged from 18 days to 9.8 years. One hundred forty-one eyes were fit from 1 day to 55 months postoperatively and then followed for 6 months to 5.7 years (average, 29 months). Only five patients lost more than five lenses. The overall loss rate was less than one lens per year of follow-up. No patient had contact lens-related complications with permanent visual sequelae. Only 14% of patients had contact lens problems or factors related to parental inability to care for the lens which resulted in discontinuation of contact lens therapy. The authors were unable to identify any subset of patients who should be considered for primary surgical optical correction of their aphakia.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1988

Neonatal Graves' disease.

A newborn boy was noted by his mother to have a prominent left eye at birth, but an eye examination was delayed until age 7 months, at which time his ophthalmologist diagnosed exophthalmos. Computed tomography was interpreted as showing mild, diffuse, optic nerve thickening bilaterally suggestive of optic nerve gliomas. Subsequent examination in our clinic revealed pseudoproptosis secondary to retraction of the left upper eyelid. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated normal orbital structures. The mother was noted to be clinically hyperthyroid, and abnormal thyroid function tests confirmed the diagnosis. Although the infant was euthyroid, neonatal Graves' ophthalmopathy was diagnosed. He was managed by close observation while his mother was treated for her hyperthyroidism.

Graves Disease↗
PubMed1988

Oculocutaneous albinism associated with congenital glaucoma.

An infant with oculocutaneous albinism and congenital glaucoma is described. The association of these two uncommon congenital disorders might suggest a common defective factor. Theoretically this patient broadens the spectrum of disorders of neural crest cell migration associated with albinism.

Albinism↗
PubMed1988

Infantile exotropia in healthy children.

Constant exotropia is uncommon during the first year of life. We retrospectively identified 13 patients with large, constant exotropia during the first year of life which required surgery. Bilateral lateral rectus muscle recessions were done in all 13 cases. Only two patients have required reoperation. The clinical characteristics and management of this unusual condition are similar to those of infantile esotropia.

Exotropia↗
PubMed1988

Aniridia with congenital ptosis and glaucoma: a family study.

In a family pedigree of aniridics, including eight patients from four generations, a wide range of ophthalmic anomalies was found. Varying degrees of congenital ptosis with decreased levator function were noted. All patients had corneal dystrophic changes. Three patients had congenital glaucoma, and one had acquired glaucoma. All affected family members except those with congenital glaucoma had microcornea. An infant with congenital glaucoma had a normal corneal diameter with an increased axial length.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Astigmatism associated with adnexal masses in infancy.

High degrees of astigmatism are common in infants with hemangiomas but have not been well documented with other adnexal masses. We reviewed records of 65 patients (69 eyes) with chalazions, epibulbar or orbital dermoids, hemangiomas, and dacryoceles. Astigmatism greater than +1.25 diopters (as high as +5.50 diopters) was most commonly associated with dacryoceles (eight of 12 eyes) and with hemangiomas (14 of 17 eyes). Plus cylinder axes were consistently oriented toward the lesion, and astigmatism tended to resolve with resolution of the lesions. Only one of the 17 eyes with dermoids and two of the 23 eyes with chalazions had astigmatism. Anisometropic amblyopia has been a prominent concern in the treatment of infants with hemangiomas. Patients with dacryoceles may be at similar risk. Repeated cycloplegic refractions are important in determining appropriate treatment of adnexal masses.

Amblyopia↗