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Biomedical subjects

L Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to L Andersson.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

The use of contact lenses in environments with organic solvents, acids or alkalies.

The advantages and disadvantages of using soft contact lenses in environments with fumes from solvents or splashes of strong acids and alkalies were studied experimentally. Uptake of trichloroethylene and xylene by lens materials was up to 90 times that by physiologic saline, used to simulate tear fluid. However, when exposed lenses were soaked for 10 and 60 min in a very small volume of saline the concentration of solvents in that saline was only up to 23% and 11%, respectively, of that in directly exposed saline. Solvents were released mainly to the air. Thus, contact lenses would lead to a prolonged exposure but to a rather low concentration as compared to direct exposure. Other solvents may behave differently. Contact lenses did not protect the cornea against strong alkalies but did not seem to worsen the condition either. However, in the thicknesses used they provided a significant although incomplete protection against strong acids.

Acids↗
PubMed1981

Affinities of amino acid side chains for solvent water.

Equilibria of distribution of amino acid side chains, between their dilute aqueous solutions and the vapor phase at 25 degrees C, have been determined by dynamic vapor pressure measurements. After correction to pH 7, the resulting scale of "hydration potentials", or free energies of transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution, spans a range of approximately 22 kcal/mol. The side chain of arginine is much more hydrophilic than those of the other common amino acids, with an equilibrium constant of approximately 10(15) for transfer from the vapor phase to neutral aqueous solution. Hydration potentials are more closely correlated with the relative tendencies of the various amino acids to appear at the surface of globular proteins than had been evident from earlier distribution studies on the free amino acids. Both properties are associated with a pronounced bias in the genetic code.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

The effect of antifibrinolysis on renal stone formation.

The influence of decreased urinary fibrinolysis on renal stone formation was studied in rats fed on a calculus producing diet. The alteration in the isolated glomerular fibrinolytic activity indicating the amount of urokinase produced has also been investigated using a histochemical fibrin slide technique. The glomerular fibrinolytic activity was significantly enhanced by both tranexamic acid and the dietary treatment. The induced antifibrinolysis resulted in a significantly higher incidence of grossly visible calculi in the renal pelvis and in calcified deposits along the cortico-medullary border of the kidney. The results support the concept that a decline in urinary fibrinolytic activity can lead to the formation of renal stones.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Transition state affinity jump chromatography. A double selection method for isolating catalytically active enzymes and other molecules.

A double selection method for isolating active enzyme molecules, using substrate analog affinity chromatography and elution with transition state analogs, is described. To demonstrate the principle, a mixture containing native chymotrypsin and [3H]deoxychymotrypsin, in which the active site serine had been converted to [3H]alanine, was applied to a column containing immobilized D-tryptophan methyl ester. Both forms of chymotrypsin were retained. Catalytically active enzyme was selectively desorbed with the peptide aldehyde chymostatin, leaving catalytically inactive deoxychymotrypsin bound to the substrate analog affinity column. This affinity technique may afford a simple and general method for separating enzymes and other catalysts according to their molecular turnover numbers.

Alanine↗
PubMed1980

Glucocorticoid receptors in adrenocorticoid disorders.

Circulating human lymphocytes contain glucocorticoid receptors (GR). To see if adrenocortical imbalance is associated with changes in the level of GR, several patients with hypo- and hypercortisolism were studied. Peripheral lymphocytes were prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque gradients and were then subjected to a whole cell-binding assay measuring the total cellular receptor pool, with [3H]dexamethasone as the ligand. There were no significant differences in the cellular content of GR among healthy controls, 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome, and 3 patients suffering from Addison's disease; the absolute levels of GR were 4850 +/- 1340, 4900 +/- 2160, and 5640 +/- 1110 (mean +/- SD) receptors/cell, respectively. The mean equilibrium dissociation constants of the interaction of [3H]dexamethasone with the receptor were also about the same in the 3 groups (1-2 X 10(-8) M). Thus, aberrations in glucocorticoid balance strong enough to produce clear-cut clinical symptoms do not result in major alterations in the level of the peripheral GR. We also studied an additional patient who had hypercortisolism due to an adrenal adenoma but only slight clinical signs of hypercortisolism; interestingly, her cellular GR level was only 30% of normal. The lymphocytic GR content was also below normal in 2 patients with anorexia nervosa.

Addison Disease↗
PubMed1980

Estramustine versus conventional estrogenic hormones in the initial treatment of highly or moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma. A randomized study.

In a prospective randomized multicenter trial patients with highly or moderately differentiated prostatic carcinoma, previously untreated, were allotted either to oral Estramustine phosphate or to intramuscular polyestradiol phosphate plus oral ethinyl estradiol. As regards frequency and duration of tumour remission there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Nor did they differ significantly with respect to adverse reactions. This is an interim report and will be followed later on by a final evaluation.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Estramustine phosphate therapy in poorly differentiated carcinoma of the prostate.

Ninety patients with poorly differentiated prostatic carcinoma have been treated with Estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). Seventeen of them had clinically metastases and had had no previous therapy. Seventy-three were initially given oestrogens and/or irradiation. Objective response was observed in 59%. The best effect was seen in patients primarily untreated.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1980

Cyclophosphamide-prednisolone therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma.

Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone therapy was given to 83 patients with hormone-resistant disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. In 7 cases there were objective signs of regression of metastases. Significant reduction of elevated acid phosphatase activity was recorded in 11 cases, in 2 of them to normal range. 55 patients experienced pain relief, 26 of them very good. In the majority of cases duration of the remission was shorter than 6 months, in 2 cases it lasted more than a year.

Acid Phosphatase↗