Early and delayed brain SPECT images with I-123 IMP in a patient with heterotopic gray matter.
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Amphetamines↗
Biomedical subjects
K Tsuchiya
Publications and source records attributed to K Tsuchiya.
Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, with reference to the phenotype of intestinal mucosal mast cells.
Syrian golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, was found to be a moderately susceptible host for the intestinal helminth, Strongyloides venezuelensis. After infection by subcutaneous inoculation with 3000 infective larvae (L3), about 20% of them became adult worms in the small intestine, and, after a stable infection up to day 20, adult worms were slowly and gradually expelled towards day 45. Before infection, mast cells in the jejunum were about 30/10 villus crypt units and over 80% of them were formalin-resistant and berberine sulphate-fluorescence positive. After infection with S. venezuelensis, the number of intestinal mast cells gradually increased with time and about a half of them were formalin-sensitive and berberine sulphate fluorescence-negative. Intraepithelial migration of mast cells was never seen before and after infection. Heterogeneity of mucosal mast cells in terms of granular proteoglycans was further confirmed by the determination of critical electrolyte concentration. In spite of the heterogeneity of proteoglycans, enzyme-histochemical study revealed that practically all mucosal mast cells of Syrian golden hamsters were positive for chymase but negative for tryptase. Mast cells in the skin and tongue were also positive for chymase but negative for tryptase. Together with our previous study on mucosal mast cells of other rodents, phenotypic variances of mucosal mast cells seem to be closely related to the protective capacity against the genus Strongyloides.
Animals↗
Goblet cell mucins of four genera of the subfamily Cricetinae with reference to the protective activity against Strongyloides venezuelensis.
Goblet and mast cell responses in the jejunum of four genera, Mesocricetus auratus (Syrian hamster), Phodopus campbelli, Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster), and Tscherskia triton, belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae, were examined after infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis. Parasite eggs became detectable in faeces of all four genera on Day 7. Faecal egg count peaked around Day 8 in C. griseus and T. triton and around Day 14 in M. auratus and P. campbelli. In M. auratus and P. campbelli, faecal egg production persisted over 40 days, whereas that in C. griseus and T. triton rapidly terminated within 14 days. In all four genera examined, goblet cell hyperplasia and mastocytosis were observed at the time of expulsion of S. venezuelensis. However, in the comparative study of all four genera, neither the degree of goblet or mast cell hyperplasia nor the phenotype of mast cells correlated to the rapidity of the expulsion of S. venezuelensis. On the other hand, the rapidity of expulsion closely correlated with the degree of sulphation of goblet cell mucins because two genera, C. griseus and T. triton, having highly sulphated goblet cell mucins showed faster expulsion of S. venezuelensis than the other two genera, P. campbelli and M. auratus, having less sulphated mucins. These results suggest that physicochemical nature of mucins is critical for the expulsion of S. venezuelensis from the subfamily Cricetinae.
Animals↗
Selective effector mechanisms for the expulsion of intestinal helminths.
In the middle of the era of molecular biology, much less attention is paid to in vivo phenomena. However, carefully designed experimental systems in vivo still can provide valuable information as to the mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of host-parasite relationships. In this review we describe the advantage of using concurrent infections with appropriately chosen combinations of different genera or different maturation stages of parasites to segregate the cellular responses of the host. By means of simple experimental approaches we have found that mucosal mast cells and goblet cells, both of which have long been considered as non-specific effectors, are in fact highly selective and specific effector cells of the host defence mechanisms capable of acting on the establishment and the expulsion of intestinal helminths.
Animals↗
Effects of N omega-nitro-L-arginine and capsaicin on neurogenic vasomotor responses in isolated mesenteric arteries of the monkey.
Monkey isolated mesenteric arterial rings denuded of endothelium constricted upon transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) in the absence of active muscle tone. The constriction was potentiated by N omega-nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-5) M), but not by the D-enantiomer (3 x 10(-5) M). The potentiation was reversed by L-arginine (3 x 10(-4) M). The neurogenic vasoconstriction of mesenteric arteries was also augmented by capsaicin, but to a lesser extent than that induced by N omega-nitro-L-arginine. Indomethacin (10(-5) M) did not affect TNS-induced vasoconstriction. These findings suggest that nerve-derived nitric oxide or a related substance may play a greater role than do capsaicin-sensitive vasodilator transmitters in neurogenic regulation of mesenteric arterial tone in the monkey. The transmitter mechanisms for vasodilation in mesenteric circulation vary among species.
Animals↗
Neuropathology of late cortical cerebellar atrophy in Japan: distribution of cerebellar change on an autopsy case and review of Japanese cases.
We report a Japanese autopsy case of late cortical cerebellar atrophy. The patient had showed clinically transient remission during thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy. Our case suggests that thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy is worth trying as a treatment of late cortical cerebellar atrophy. Neuropathological examination showed diffuse cerebellar cortical lesions and absence of neuronal loss in the dorsomedial part of the inferior olives. We studied qualitatively the detailed distribution of the cerebellar cortical lesions in 6 sections of the right cerebellum. The cerebellar lesions were more conspicuous in the most lateral hemisphere than in the vermis. We also reviewed 7 Japanese autopsy cases of late cortical cerebellar atrophy.
Aged↗
[Studies on attenuation of post-ischemic brain injury by kampo medicines-inhibitory effects of free radical production. I].
In view of the recent investigation, highly reactive oxygen-derived free radicals may play a role in cerebral ischemia and brain damage, free radical scavenging activity of kampo formulations (Oren-gedoku-to, Keishi-bukuryogan, Saiko-ka-ryukostu-borei-to and Daio-botampi-to) and Kampo components (Ityou, Shini, Menamomi, Arinosudama and Denshiti), used for the attenuation of brain damage, was investigated in vitro. The used experimental system was a radical scavenging action against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion radical (O2-.) and hydroxyl radical (OH.) by the electron spin resonance technique at room temperature. All kampo formulations and kampo components showed radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. This result indicates that kampo formulations, treated for brain damage, were good radical scavenger that could possibly prevent ischemic complications such as formation of brain damage. The intensity of scavening activity of kampo formulations for three types of radicals were as follows; 1. DPPH: Daio-botampi-to > Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to = Keishi-bukuryo-gan > Oren-gedokuto, 2. O2-.: Daio-botampi-to = Keishi-bukuryo-gan > Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to > Oren-gedoku-to, 3. OH.: Daio-botampi-to = Saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to > Keishi-bukuryo-gan = Oren-gedoku-to. Daio-botampi-to indicated the strongest scavenging activity against three types of radicals. Ischemic brain damage is thought to be an "oketsu" syndrome, which is correlated with abnormalities of the microcirculation. Therefore, Daio-botampi-to, which has been used for "oketsu" syndrome, showed superior free-radical scavenging activity.
Brain Ischemia↗
Phylogenetic relationship between the Iriomote cat and the leopard cat, Felis bengalensis, based on the ribosomal DNA.
We analyzed the restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the spacer regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA), using twelve restriction enzymes, to examine whether the Iriomote cat is related to the leopard cat (Felis bengalensis). A restriction map for each taxon was constructed and the major taxon-specific types of repeating unit (repetypes) were characterized on the basis of the arrangements of restriction sites. The Iriomote cat and the leopard cat share a common repetype but this repetype is different from that of the domestic cat (F. catus) with an estimated sequence divergence of 1.5% and from that of the ocelot (F. paradalis) with an estimated sequence divergence of 2.5%. These results indicate that, phylogenetically, the Iriomote cat is closely related to the leopard cat and that the ancestral population moved from the continent to Iriomote Island quite recently. The rDNA arrays of the leopard cat exhibit considerable intragenomic size-variation, which is thought to have emerged as a result of differences in numbers of repeated DNA segments, whereas the extent of such size-variation is much lower in the rDNA of the Iriomote cat. It appears that, even though migration of the Iriomote cat occurred relatively recently, the population has diverged to some extent from its continental counterpart, perhaps via fixation of preexistent intraspecific variations rather than by generation of new variations.
Animals↗
High level secretion of calf chymosin using a glucoamylase-prochymosin fusion gene in Aspergillus oryzae.
A recombinant chymosin was secreted at high levels using fusion genes with A. oryzae glucoamylase gene (glaA) and a wheat bran solid-state culture system. Two portions of the A. oryzae glucoamylase, one with almost the entire glucoamylase (GA1-603) lacking 9 amino acids at the carboxyl terminal, and the other (GA1-511) lacking the starch binding-domain, were fused in frame with prochymosin cDNA. Western blot analysis indicated that the mature chymosin was released from the secreted fusion protein by autocatalytic processing. The transformant harboring the GA1-511-prochymosin construct showed about 5-fold chymosin production of the transformant in which the chymosin gene was directly expressed under the control of the glaA promoter in submerged culture. Moreover, wheat bran solid-state culture gave about 500-fold higher yield of the chymosin (approximately 150 mg/kg wheat bran) compared with the submerged culture.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Marked elevation of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 in the peripheral blood as an initial manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis.
Marked elevation of tumor markers in the peripheral blood was initially a sole manifestation of meningeal carcinomatosis in a man with gastric carcinoma. In addition to extensive meningeal carcinomatosis, no metastatic lesions were found at autopsy other than microscopic infiltration into a tiny paraaortic lymph node. Elevation of these markers in the peripheral blood is best explained by meningeal carcinomatosis. When elevation of these markers is otherwise unexplainable, meningeal carcinomatosis should be considered as a diagnostic possibility even in the absence of neurological symptoms.
CA-19-9 Antigen↗
Gastric mucosal blood flow in relation to stress-induced hypercontraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a widely used animal model for essential hypertension, and is less susceptible to cold restraint stress in gastric ulcer formation. We previously reported that acid secretion is low in SHR due to sympathetic facilitation compared with normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the autonomic nervous function and the gastric mucosal blood flow related to gastric motility during cold restraint stress in SHR. Male SHR and WKY, 24-28 weeks old, were used in this study. Noradrenergic innervation, noradrenaline and dopamine contents in the muscle layer were significantly greater in SHR than in WKY, and tissue choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly lower in SHR. Gastric motility was markedly enhanced by cold restraint stress in WKY. By contrast, SHR maintained the rhythmic and low amplitude contractions regardless of hypothermia. Mucosal blood flow decreased markedly during hypothermia in WKY but was well sustained in SHR. In conclusion, the increase in gastric motility associated with cold restraint stress was suppressed in SHR by sympathetic facilitation in the muscle layer, and this may have contributed to the prevention of ulcer formation by maintaining mucosal blood flow in SHR.
Animals↗
Giant intracranial aneurysm with rapid thrombus formation and intramural hemorrhage--case report.
A 50-year-old female presented with an unusual giant intracranial aneurysm that showed rapid, spontaneous thrombus formation and subsequent intramural hemorrhage. The thrombus appeared as a homogeneous area on magnetic resonance images, in contrast to the usual heterogeneous appearance. Two months after thrombus formation, the aneurysm had grown and developed intramural hemorrhage. The growth of giant intracranial aneurysms is related to neovascularization and recurrent intramural hemorrhage. The rapid formation of an intra-aneurysmal thrombus may stimulate neovascularization, resulting in intramural hemorrhage and aneurysmal growth.
Basilar Artery↗
[An epidemiological study of urogenital cancer in Gunma Prefecture].
The incidence and mortality rate of urogenital cancers in Japan are both low compared to those in western countries. However, the incidence and mortality patterns of cancer in Japan are currently becoming closer to those of western countries, and the importance of urogenital cancers is increasing. We conducted an analysis of urogenital cancers in Gunma Prefecture. The subjects were newly detected urogenital cancer patients living in Gunma Prefecture diagnosed between 1985 and 1992. Details were as follows: prostate cancer 1411, bladder cancer 1253 (male 937, female 316), renal cell carcinoma 411 (male 287, female 124), renal pelvic and ureter cancer 187 (male 127, female 60) and testicular cancer 162. Incidence rate was calculated by year, district and age, and was expressed per 100,000/year and was adjusted to world population. Regarding the incidence rate per year for males, that of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma increased dramatically from 8.3 to 13.6 and from 1.1 to 3.2, respectively. Incidence rate of other cancers in males showed a slight increase or remained almost stable. Incidence rate by year for females showed a slight increase or remained almost stable as a whole. Gunma Prefecture was divided into 10 districts by the range of daily life of people and the incidence rates of prostate cancer, bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma for each district were calculated. Incidence rate of prostate cancer tended to be higher in the northern parts of the prefecture, while that of bladder cancer showed no detectable trend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
Pironetin, a novel plant growth regulator produced by Streptomyces sp. NK10958. I. Taxonomy, production, isolation and preliminary characterization.
A novel plant growth regulator, pironetin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. NK10958. It was extracted from the culture broth with ethyl acetate and purified by column chromatographies. Pironetin showed 23% inhibition on the growth of rice plants without any loss of crop yield at 10 g/a on 9 days before heading.
Crystallography, X-Ray↗
Pironetin, a novel plant growth regulator produced by Streptomyces sp. NK10958. II. Structural elucidation.
A novel plant growth regulator, pironetin was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. NK10958. The structure of pironetin was determined to be (5R,6R)-5-ethyl- 5,6-dihydro-6-[(E)-(2R,3S,4R,5S)-2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-7- nonenyl]-2H-pyran-2-one by FAB-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, COLOC, DEPT, IR, X-ray crystallographic analyses and adapted Mosher's method.
Crystallography, X-Ray↗
[Vitronectin in plasma and colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis].
Plasma levels and localization of vitronectin in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were investigated. Plasma vitronectin levels in patients with UC were significantly lower than those of healthy persons, in proportion to clinical activity and severity. In addition, plasma vitronectin levels at the remission phase were high when compared with those at the active phase. Vitronectins, in addition, were found in mucosa of the active phase where a lot of inflammatory cells were found by immunohistological staining. Based on the above results, vitronectins were considered to leak from blood vessel and to be consumed for mucosa recovery in the active phase of UC, and plasma vitronectin levels were lowering. Therefore, determination of plasma vitronectin levels were considered to be useful for an index of clinical activity and severity of patients with UC.
Adult↗
[Internal Ophthalmoplegia--diagnostic tests and clinical application].
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Accommodation, Ocular↗
[Autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration with pigmentary retinopathy in a Japanese family].
We report a pedigree of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration associated with pigmental retinopathy. The proband is a 75-year-old man. He noticed night blindness at the age of 10 years and a diagnosis of bilateral pigmentary retinopathy was made at age 63. At the age of 65 years, he developed dysarthria and difficulty in walking. At age 69, neurological examination revealed cerebellar signs, and brain CT scans showed mild atrophy of the brain stem and cerebellum. Repeated brain CT scans revealed slight progression of the brain stem and cerebellar atrophy. Molecular genetic studies showed the absence of any mitochondrial DNA mutation at 8993. The father of the proband exhibited cerebellar signs and pigmentary retinopathy. One older brother had cerebellar signs and another had pigmentary retinopathy. To our knowledge, hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration with retinal degeneration is rare in Japan. This study is the first full report on hereditary spinocerebellar degeneration with pigmentary retinopathy in Japan, although an abstract was published by Konishi et al. We also discuss the neuropathological discordance on hereditary olivoponto-cerebellar atrophy with retinal degeneration.
Adult↗