Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Tsuchiya.
A novel acaricide, gualamycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. NK11687. It was purified from the filtrate by column chromatographies. Gualamycin showed 100% acaricidal activity at 250 micrograms/ml against sensitive and resistant mites to Dicofol.
A novel acaricide, gualamycin was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. NK11687. The structure of gualamycin was determined to be (2R,3S,4S)-2-O-[4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-gulopyranosyl)-alpha-D - galactopyranosyl]-2,3,4-trihydroxy-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydr oxy - methylpyrrolidin-2-yl] butanoic acid by FAB-MS, 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, IR, X-ray crystallographic analyses and synthetic studies.
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Valve replacement for aortic regurgitation in patient with rheumatoid arthritis was rare in Japan. We report a successful case in which aortic regurgitation necessitated aortic valve replacement. A 62-year-old woman was admitted for shortness of breath, chest pain and progressive edema. She had been treated for rheumatoid arthritis for more than ten years using steroids. The aortic valve was successfully replaced by a prosthetic mechanical valve. The histopathological examination of the excised aortic valve demonstrated rheumatic nodules in the right- and non-coronary cusp. It was supported that these changes caused shrinkage of cusp and resulted in aortic regurgitation. This patient was discharged on the 20th postoperative day. There was no evidence of detachment of the prosthetic valve.
It is well known that renal dysfunction is associated with several types of electrolyte disorders. On the other hand, renal manifestations have been attributed to electrolyte disorders. Hypokalemia is the most frequent electrolyte abnormality encountered in clinical practice. The main cause of hypokalemia is due to abuse of laxatives and diuretics or to anorexia nervosa. Hypercalcemia is another major electrolyte abnormality, associated with numerous renal manifestations. Renal tubules damages and chronic interstitial nephritis are characteristic pathological findings in prolonged electrolyte disorders. The mechanism of renal involvement and characteristic clinical manifestations of the electrolyte disorders are reviewed.
A 67-year-old female patient underwent a left ventricular aneurysmectomy and mitral valve replacement for ischemic cardiomyopathy. The replacement was done through left ventricle rather than left atrium. She had heart failure of NYHA class IV despite aggressive medical therapy. Preoperative examination revealed a left ventricular aneurysm and mitral regurgitation of grade II with markedly reduced ventricular function (LVEF 17%). Mitral valve replacement through left ventricle preserving chorda of the mitral valve is a promising method to eliminate regurgitation and shorten the cardiac ischemic time.
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The efficacy of pravastatin (CAS 81131-70-6) on serum lipid levels in 91 type 2 diabetic patients with mean glycosylated hemoglobin of 8.5% was investigated up to 12 weeks. Oral administration of 10 to 20 mg/d of pravastatin significantly decreased total cholesterol by 18.4 +/- 1.5% after 4 weeks. When analyzed separately in type IIa and IIb hyperlipidemia, the reduction of total cholesterol by pravastatin was more prominent in the former. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly decreased 22.2 +/- 2.7% after 4 weeks. The effect of pravastatin in reducing triglyceride was more prominent in patients with higher triglyceride compared to those with lower triglyceride before the administration of the drug. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a slight but significant increase by 4.2 +/- 1.9% after 4 weeks. Among the apolipoproteins examined, apolipoprotein B was significantly decreased after 4 weeks. Atherogenic index and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio were also significantly decreased after 4 weeks. The efficacy of pravastatin was also observed after 12 weeks to the same extent as after 4 weeks. No major side effects or abnormalities of laboratory parameters have been observed. These data lead to the conclusion that pravastatin is useful for the treatment of hyperlipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control without major adverse effects.
This is a case report of the successful treatment for acute type A aortic dissection with onset of the right coronary artery (RCA) obstruction due to compression of the dissected lumen. A 50-year-old man, who had been received medical therapy for hypertension for seven years, was admitted with profound cardiogenic shock. The ECG demonstrated complete A-V block and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) of right ventricle and inferior wall. Coronary catheter intervention was scheduled because intra-aortic balloon pumping was not effective, and arteriogram revealed aortic dissection, coronary insufficiency and aortic regurgitation (grade I). Soon after inflation of a perfusion catheter at the origin of RCA, elevation of arterial blood pressure and recovery to sinus rhythm were brought successfully by the coronary reperefusion. Replacement of the ascending aorta involving the intimal tear without surgical closure of RCA ostium, aortic valve resuspension and coronary artery bypass grafting with saphenous vein to RCA were performed 11 hours after the onset, and the postoperative course was uneventful. Although aortic dissection with onset of AMI was uncommon, it is suspected that the generalizing of catheter intervention for AMI increases awareness of such cases and it is emphasised that the application of perfusion catheter as an emergency procedure for the illness like this case is useful to preserve hemodinamic stability until the surgical treatment.
The etiology of the papillary muscle rupture includes myocardial infarction, trauma, hypertension, myxomatous degeneration, endocarditis etc. We report a case of partial papillary muscle rupture whose etiology was unknown, in a 77-year-old woman. The preoperative catheterization and coronary angiography showed severe mitral regurgitation and no significant coronary stenosis. And we recognized the mass waving into the left atrium in systole with the echocardiogram. At surgery, we repaired the mitral valve by resecting quadrangular areas of the posterior leaflet including the attachment of the torn papillary muscle. Additionally a number 28 Carpentier-Edwards mitral annuloplasty ring was sewn in place. In pathologic specimen, there were focal fibrosis, necrotic muscle, lymphocytes, and no vegetation.
Using sequence-tagged sites we have performed deletion mapping of the Y chromosome in sex-reversed female patients with a Y chromosome and gonadoblastoma. The GBY gene (gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome) was sublocalized to a small region near the centromere of the Y chromosome. We estimate the size of the GBY critical region to be approximately 1-2 Mb. Our analysis also indicates that copies of two dispersed Y-linked gene families, TSPY (testis-specific protein, Y-encoded) and YRRM (Y-chromosome RNA recognition motif) are present in all patients and that copies of TSPY but not YRRM fall within the GBY critical region as formally defined by deletion mapping. Two tumor samples showed expression of both genes and in one patient this expression was limited to a unilateral gonadoblastoma but absent in the contralateral streak gonad. Although our results do not directly implicate TSPY or YRRM in the etiology of the tumor, they raise the issue of whether there is one GBY gene in the critical region or possibly multiple GBY loci dispersed on the Y chromosome.
An analysis by restriction endonuclease digestion of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was carried out in natural populations of Apodemus speciosus, a field mouse that is endemic to Japan. Two restriction sites, the EcoRI (E3) and DraI (D4) sites, in the nontranscribed spacer region downstream from the gene for 28S RNA showed polymorphism within and between individuals in the populations from the Japanese main islands. By contrast, populations from the small adjoining islands which are thought to have separated from the main islands 1-2 x 10(4) years ago showed relatively low levels of polymorphism within and between individuals, i.e., one of the polymorphic bands in the case of each enzyme was predominant in these populations, irrespective of the variants. These results indicate that the rate of fixation of site variations depends on population size and that the direction of fixation is random. Furthermore, each polymorphic restriction site seems to be fixed independently.
Our purpose was to assess the value of three-dimensional (3D) CT angiography in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease. We studied seven patients with moyamoya disease proved by conventional angiography. Three-dimensional (3D) CT angiography was performed using rapid sequence or helical (spiral) scanning in conjunction with a bolus injection of intravenous contrast medium. All seven patients could be diagnosed as having moyamoya disease on the basis of the following 3D CT angiographic findings: poor visualisation of the main trunks and/or major branches of anterior and middle cerebral arteries (7 patients); dilated leptomeningeal anastomotic channels from the posterior cerebral arteries (4); and demonstration of "moyamoya vessels" in the basal ganglia (2). Although conventional angiography remains the principal imaging technique for demonstrating anatomical changes in detail, less invasive 3D CT angiography provides a solid means of diagnosing moyamoya disease when it is suspected on CT, MRI, or clinical grounds.
Anti-DNA antibodies were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 116 patients with chronic liver disease consisting of 21 cases of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), 17 of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and 78 of non-autoimmune-type of chronic liver disease. The assay was also performed on 83 patients with collagen disease, as a control group. Anti-double stranded DNA antibody (anti-dsDNA) was detected in 10/21 (48%) of the AIH patients and in 3/17 (17%) of the PBC patients, but not in those with other liver diseases. In contrast, anti-single stranded DNA antibody (anti-ssDNA) was positive not only in AIH and PBC, but also in those with non-autoimmune-types of chronic liver disease. Follow-up liver histology disclosed that the 2 patients with AIH who were positive for anti-dsDNA developed liver cirrhosis, whereas the 4 patients who were negative for anti-dsDNA, and those who showed a disappearance of anti-dsDNA following corticosteroid therapy, improved from chronic active to chronic persistent hepatitis.
Susceptibility of the Indian soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada, to infection with the intestinal helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, was examined. After subcutaneous infection with 1500 infective larvae (L3), daily faecal egg output (EPG) of both male and female animals reached a peak at 1 week post-infection (p.i.) with the same magnitude (about 20,000 epg faeces) and then rapidly decreased below detection level at around 2 weeks p.i. In male animals, however, after a transient cessation at 2 weeks p.i., parasite eggs reappeared in faeces 3 weeks afterwards, though the counts were far lower than the first peak. This phenomenon was rarely seen in female animals. High susceptibility of M. meltada to N. brasiliensis was confirmed by worm burdens. About 70% of the initial dose of larvae became adult worms in the intestine of male and female hosts. As suggested by the decline in egg counts, the majority of adult worms were expelled by 2 weeks p.i. The residual worm burden at 2 and 4 weeks p.i. was significantly higher in male than female animals. When orchidectomized males were infected with N. brasiliensis, the magnitude of residual worm burden was significantly reduced. On the other hand, ovariectomy did not affect the number of residual worms in females.
The present study examined whether regional patterns of brain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) activation after physical and psychological stress depend on the intensity of that stress. Monoamine concentrations (DA, 5-HT, and their metabolites) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in eight brain regions of rats exposed to two different intensities of foot shock stress for 30 min (1.5 mA or 2.5 mA) or conditioned fear stress (CFS, after single or repeated foot shock). A low level of foot shock selectively increased the DA metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas a high level of foot shock increased it in most of the brain regions examined in the present study. A low level of foot shock did not increase the 5-HT metabolism in any regions, but a high-intensity shock increased the 5-HT metabolism in the mPFC, nucleus accumbens, and lateral hypothalamus. Rats that received high-intensity shock displayed more freezing than those that received low-intensity shock in a conditioned fear paradigm (24 h after receiving foot shock, the animals were placed in a shock chamber without being given shock), indicating an augmentation of conditioned fear. The increased DA and 5-HT metabolism were especially marked in the mPFC after CFS following a single foot shock session (2.5 mA). Rats that were repeatedly exposed to 2.5 mA foot shock for a period of 10 days displayed a greater degree of freezing induced by CFS than those given only one foot shock session, indicating an augmentation of fear and stress intensity. CFS after repeated foot shock, like foot shock per se, increased the DA metabolism in most of the brain regions except for the striatum and increased the 5-HT metabolism in the mPFC, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. These results suggest that regional patterns of brain DA and 5-HT activation after physical and psychological stress depend on the intensity of that stress, although there are some differences between these stress; and that the more widespread activation of DA and 5-HT after more severe stress might relate to behavioral changes that reflect the augmentation of fear.
The effects of diode laser irradiation on peripheral nerves was examined by monitoring neuronal discharges elicited by application of various stimuli to the hind-paw skin of rats. Neuronal discharges elicited by brush, pinch, cold, and/or heat stimulation, as well as chemical stimulation by injection of turpentine (0.1 ml, SC) were recorded from L5 dorsal roots in urethane-anesthetized rats. Diode laser irradiation (830 nm, 40 mW, 3 min, continuous wave) of the saphenous nerve exposed from the muscle of the lower leg significantly inhibited neuronal discharges elicited by pinch (68.4 +/- 6.5%), cold (45.4 +/- 9.2%), and heat stimulation (49.2 +/- 11.3%). Neuronal discharges induced by brush stimulation (104.3 +/- 4.7%) were not affected by laser irradiation. Injection of turpentine, a chemical irritant, into the hind-paw skin (0.1 ml, SC) elicited neuronal discharges in the ipsilateral dorsal root, and these discharges were significantly inhibited or abolished by laser irradiation. In 6- to 7-week-old rats treated neonatally with capsaicin (10 mg/kg, SC), injection of turpentine into the hind-paw skin did not elicit neuronal discharges and laser irradiation did not affect the background discharges. These data suggest that laser irradiation may selectively inhibit nociceptive neuronal activities.
When the Y chromosome of the laboratory inbred mouse strain C57BL/6 (B6) is replaced by the Y of certain strains of Mus musculus domesticus, testis determination fails and all XY fetuses develop either as hermaphrodites or XY females (XY sex reversal). This suggests the presence of at least two alleles of Sry, the male-determining gene on the Y:M. m. domesticus and B6. The B6 Y chromosome is derived from the Japanese house mouse, M. m. molossinus and therefore carries a molossinus Sry allele. As a first step to determine how the molossinus Sry allele evolved, its distribution pattern was determined in wild mice. The cumulative data of 96 M. musculus samples obtained from 58 geographical locations in Europe, North Africa, and Asia show the molossinus Sry allele is restricted to Japan and the neighboring Asian mainland and confirm that Japanese M. m. molossinus mice were derived in part from a race of M. m. musculus from Korea or Manchuria. Sry polymorphisms, as illustrated by the molossinus Sry allele, can serve as molecular markers for studies on the evolution of wild M. musculus populations and can help determine the role sex determination plays in speciation.