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Biomedical subjects

K Togawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Togawa.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Arterial chemoembolization with cisplatin microcapsules.

Cisplatin (CDDP) was microcapsulated with ethylcellulose. Sustained release of CDDP from the microcapsule, particularly non-protein-bound CDDP, which should have antitumour activity, was demonstrated by an in vitro test. Using a bioassay, it was proven that the biological activity of CDDP was not affected by the microencapsulation process. When CDDP-mc were infused into the maxillary artery of patients with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus or oral cavity, the CDDP level in the circulating blood was significantly lower than that of the patients given non-encapsulated CDDP intravenously. However, a significantly higher CDDP concentration in tumour tissue was found in patients treated with CDDP-mc. These results suggest that selective arterial infusion of CDDP-mc could exert intensive topical antitumour effects on lesions through microinfarction effects, and prolonged drug release, with minimum systemic side effects.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1986

State of hepatitis B viral DNA in the liver of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease.

In order to clarify the relationship between the integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the states of HBV DNA in liver tissues were examined by the Southern blot hybridization procedure. Integration of HBV DNA was found in 12 of 25 HCC cases and 5 of 12 cirrhotic cases. Of these 17 cases, 11 were positive for serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and the remaining six were positive for more than one of the serum HBV-related antibodies. In all three cases of chronic hepatitis and 18 controls, integration of HBV DNA could not be detected. Free viral DNA was found in 12 of 15 cases with serum HBsAg. One patient without serum HBsAg also had free viral DNA in the liver. Integration of HBV DNA could be observed in HCC cases positive for serum HBsAg at the highest frequency. However, there was one HCC case from an HBsAg carrier in whom integration of HBV DNA might not have a causal effect on malignant transformation, because integrated HBV DNA could be detected only in a non-tumor region. Since integrated HBV DNA could not be detected in 13 of 25 HCC cases, other etiologic factors than the integration of HBV DNA must also be taken into consideration for HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Microcapsule chemoembolization for head and neck cancer.

Cisplatin (CDDP) was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose, and microcapsules (CDDP-mc) were infused into the maxillary arteries of patients with various head and neck carcinomas. We then found that the CDDP level in the circulating blood was significantly lower than that in patients administrated intravenous non-excapsulated CDDP. However, significantly high concentrations of CDDP were found in the tissues of patients treated with CDDP-mc. Our results suggest that selective arterial infusions of CDDP-mc can exert an intensive topical antitumor effect through microinfarction of malignant tissues. The prolonged release of drug from the microcapsules has also been associated with minimal systemic side effects.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of the long-term results of our combination therapy for maxillary cancer, with particular reference to treatment of T4 and N1-3 maxillary cancer.

To evaluate how far the long-term survival rate could be improved by maximum combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, we have performed a trial combination therapy consisting of Linac X-ray irradiation (200 rads X 30) and intraarterial infusion chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil 250 mg X 15), followed by sufficiently extensive maxillectomy and primary reconstruction. The 5-year crude and relative survival rate of 70 patients were 64.2 and 72.1% respectively. The 5-year crude survival rate in cases with squamous cell carcinoma was 73.1%. Twelve out of 70 patients died of cancer. Local recurrence was seen in 6 cases and the most frequent cause of death was distant metastasis which was seen in 25% of T4N0 cases and in 57% of T2-3N1-3 cases. The elderly patients over 71 years occupied 29.1% of the total cases. The 3-year and 5-year crude survival rates in these elderly patients were 75 and 50% respectively. Death due to cancer was seen only in 3 patients and the most frequent cause of death was due to senility and other unrelated causes. As far as squamous cell carcinoma is concerned, the post-therapeutic courses of our combination therapy have been satisfactory. However further revision of the trial therapy was deemed necessary in T4 and N1-3 maxillary cancer. By covering the entire wound surface after total and extended total maxillectomy by a thick flap, the post-operative facial deformity and functional impairment due to scar contracture of the wound could be effectively prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Efficiency and limitations of the upper airway mucosa as an air conditioner evaluated from the mechanisms of bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects.

To elucidate a limit to the efficiency of the upper airway mucosa as an air conditioner, the temperatures of the inspiratory air and mucosa were measured in the cervical trachea. Both of them were affected only minimally by change of atmospheric air temperature during resting nose breathing, but were affected greatly by change of mode of breathing. During hyperventilation through the mouth, when the atmospheric air temperature was 1 degree C, a temperature difference of 9 degrees C was noted between inspiratory air in the cervical trachea and body temperature, together with a mucosal temperature fall by 1.86 +/- 0.61 degree C. Wearing of a mask caused a rise of 3 degrees C in the inspiratory air temperature in the cervical trachea.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The nasal local antibody production of rats against respiratory infections.

For better understanding the nasal defense mechanism against infection, an experiment on bacterial inhalation was performed using rats with and without artificial nasal obstructions. Local antibodies in the nasal cavity may exert a wide defensive influence on inhaled pathogens. Their production can be affected by nasal obstruction.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1985

[Recombinant interferon alpha-2 (Sch 30500) in patients with head and neck cancer].

Fifteen patients with advanced recurrent or metastatic carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with recombinant interferon alpha-2. Cumulative doses for evaluation of at least 1.2 X 10(8) IU were given over a period of 4 weeks. No significant regression was shown in 14 evaluable patients, 6 of which showed no change and 8 progression. Toxicities were minimum and acceptable. All patients had an episode of elevated body temperature. One patient showed transient effects on the central nervous system, which may be a dose-limiting factor. Recombinant interferon alpha-2 was therefore not recommended as a modality for the treatment of recurrent head and neck cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The mechanisms of systemic symptoms following nasal administration of allergens.

A nasal provocation test was performed by consecutively placing allergen discs on the nasal mucosa of patients with pollinosis. This brought easily the systemic symptoms such as cough, periorbital oedema, and urticaria. Similarly, the nasal administration of large doses of the allergen induced a change in the respiratory response in sensitized guinea pigs. These results indicate that nasal mucosa absorbs a high molecular substance such as allergens.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1983

Mutagenicity of chalks. A case in which the test results led to the improvement of the quality of commercial goods.

Mutagenicity testing, of methanolic extracts of chalks, by the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome system revealed that the blue and the green chalks contained mutagens. A positive mutagenic response was observed on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98, both in the presence and absence of the microsome system (S9). The source of the mutagenicity was traced to the blue pigment used for manufacturing these chalks. The pigment, copper phthalocyanine, a product of a Japanese chemical industrial company, was found to contain impurities that were mutagenic. The mutagenic principle giving positive response in the TA98 in the presence of S9 was purified 10(5)-fold from the original pigment. Although its structure is yet to be elucidated, this indirect frame-shift mutagen had a strong activity: 5700 His+ revertants per microgram. This information, delivered in the beginning of 1981, prompted the manufacturer to start supplying a mutagen-free product. As a result, the blue chalks on the market became no longer mutagenic in the summer of 1982.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1983

Outcome of patients with Graves' disease after long-term medical treatment guided by triiodothyronine (T3) suppression test.

The value of the T3 suppressed 20-min uptake test for the prediction of post-treatment outcome was studied in 193 unselected patients with Graves' disease treated with thionamide drugs and T3. One hundred and twenty-nine of 193 patients were studied previously and followed thereafter (Group A). Sixty-four were newly treated patients: thirty-three (Group B) were treated at the same hospital as Group A; thirty-one (Group C) were treated at another hospital. In total 126 patients out of 193 satisfied our criteria for suppression (total suppression rate, 65%). The suppression rate for new patients (55% in Group B, 52% in Group C) was similar to that for Group A in 1977 (49%) after comparable duration of treatment. The suppression rate for Group A increased with prolongation of the treatment period (49% in 1977 and 71% in 1981). As to the time course of suppression, it was observed that about two-thirds of the suppressed patients satisfied the criteria for suppression within 3 years of starting treatment. The number of suppressed patients per year decreased thereafter as the treatment periods increased. However, the yearly suppression rate did not decrease with time. The time course of suppression in each patient could not be predicted from the results of initial thyroid function tests. The overall remission rate among the 120 suppressed patients followed for 1-13 (mean, 4) years was 96%, which was almost equal to the value obtained in Group A in 1977 (95%) with the average follow-up period of 2 years. Among the 46 patients in Group A followed for 5-13 (mean, 7) years, no increase in relapse was observed with prolonged follow-up periods. Examination on the relationship between the duration of treatment and the post-treatment outcome revealed that, as a whole, the duration of treatment for the patients with relapse were rather short as compared with those for the patients in remission. These results confirm the usefulness of our T3 suppression test for predicting sustained remission of Graves' disease after treatment, and clearly indicate that long-term medical therapy could increase the number of remissions in patients with Graves' disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The mechanisms involved in onset of allergic manifestations in the nose.

The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the degree of participation of the direct and indirect effects of histamine on nasal vasculature and nasal glands in causing clinical manifestations of nasal allergy. Vidian neurectomy, which cuts almost all of the parasympathetic nerve supply and the major portion of the sympathetic supply to the nasal mucosa, apparently almost completely abolished nasal hypersecretion induced by antigen and by topical application of 20 micrograms or 100 micrograms of histamine. However, a maximum dose of histamine (5 mg) induced 0.32 +/- 0.14 ml/10 min of nasal secretion from vidian neurectomized nasal mucosa. Albumin values of nasal secretion induced by topical histamine (2 mg) were significantly higher than those induced by acetylcholine (20 mg). This shows that histamine, depending upon the quantity present in the nasal mucosa, causes various degrees of transudation of plasma by its direct effect on nasal vasculature, in contrast to the fairly direct glandular effect of acetylcholine. However, the content of total histamine in allergic nasal mucosa was 7.1 +/- 3.5 micrograms/g which does not differ from normal controls. Judging from these data, nasal secretion which could be induced by the direct effect of chemical mediators on the effector cells without involvement of cholinergic reflex excitation was assumed to be minimal.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computer analysis of changes in pulmonary resistance induced by nasal stimulation in man.

Changes in pulmonary resistance induced by various nasal stimuli were recorded in 16 subjects with nasal allergy and 16 laryngectomized subjects. To avoid human errors in sampling respiratory curves, computer analysis was performed breath by breath, automatically and continuously. In the subjects with nasal allergy the nasal mucosa was stimulated with pressure using a nasal balloon, and by a paper patch with 0.1 ml of 5% histamine hydrochloride. Laryngectomized subjects were stimulated with pressure and by pepper powder. Nasal pressure stimulation up to 50 cm H2O did not cause a statistically significant change in the pulmonary resistance of both groups of subjects. Pepper stimulation caused a statistically significant increase of the pulmonary resistance amounting to 40.4 +/- 28.2% of the prestimulatory level. Histamine stimulation caused a statistically significant change of the pulmonary resistance, but it was difficult to discern whether it caused an increase or a decrease of the resistance. Maximum efforts were used to control the respiratory pattern using the metronome and by visual monitoring of the peak flow rate on the cathode ray oscilloscope, but pepper and histamine stimulation caused a statistically significant increase, although slight, of tidal volume. The effect of slight changes of respiratory patterns induced by nasorespiratory reflex on the observed change of pulmonary resistance could not be ruled out in this human study.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Neurophysiological mechanism of shrinkage of nasal mucosa induced by exercise.

Change of serum norepinephrine level and nasal patency were measured in 10 normal volunteers during exercise and effect of unilateral cervical sympathetic ganglion block on exercise-induced shrinkage of nasal mucosa was evaluated. Serum norepinephrine elevated markedly after 10-min exercise. Unilateral blocking of cervical ganglion completely inhibited mucosal shrinkage induced by exercise in 8 of 10 subjects. Mucosal shrinkage during exercise in these subjects was assumed to be mediated through cervical sympathetic ganglion, and not by increase in circulating cathecolamine. However, in 2 subjects, moderate shrinkage of the nasal mucosa was observed in 10-min after initiation of exercise. It was impossible to rule out some effect of circulating cathecolamine on the capacitance vessels of the nasal mucosa completely.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Therapeutic effects of a new, anti-allergic ophthalmic preparation.

A 0.1% Ketotifen ophthalmic preparation was evaluated in 11 cases of conjunctivitis due to Japanese cedar pollinoisis (three cases also associated with vernal catarrh). The following results were obtained concerning the safety and the therapeutic efficacy of the preparation. (1) In the computation of the overall effects of the preparation, a marked therapeutic effect was noted in three out of 11 cases studied while one case remained unaffected. The overall effective rate was computed to be 91%. (2) The time required for the preparation to take effect was found to be 3 days or less in seven cases (70.0%) out of 10 in which therapeutic effects were noted. (3) In observations of the adverse effects of the preparation, transient irritation at the site of application was noted in seven cases. No other serious side effects were recorded. From the above results, it was concluded that the present preparation is an effective therapeutic agent for conjunctivitis caused by pollinosis.

Animals↗