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Biomedical subjects

K Togawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Togawa.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Evaluation of aminophylline suppositories prepared in a hospital pharmacy.

Physical and chemical stability of suppositories containing aminophylline and various bases prepared in our hospital pharmacy was investigated. Ethylenediamine in aminophylline decreased, the melting points of the suppositories rose, and the disintegration and liquefaction times were prolonged in suppositories with Witepsol base when stored at room temperature. Thin-layer chromatography produced evidence supporting the assumption that ethylenediamine may react with Witepsol constituents to form an acid amide linkage. However, the suppositories were stable at lower temperatures. Suppositories prepared with PEG base were found to be satisfactorily stable at room temperature.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1981

The histogenesis of so-called mixed tumor evaluating from parotin binding.

We evaluated the histogenesis of so-called mixed tumors of the parotid gland by comparing the tumor cells with normal parotid gland cells. Using the indirect technique of the enzyme antibody method, the paraffin sections of human parotid glands, initially reacted with 0.1 mg/ml of parotin solution in PBS for 20 min at 37 degrees C, were treated for 20 min at 37 degrees C with anti-parotin subunit rabbit IgG (0.01 mg/ml) containing 5 mg/ml BSA, and then with HRPO-labeled anti-rabbit gamma globulin antibodies (swine IgG). After a staining for enzyme by Karnovsky's method, DAB reactions were observed on the duct cells of human parotid glands in 12 of 13 cases. We surveyed the parotin binding as a marker of duct cell on the so-called mixed tumors of 11 cases. DAB reactions were recognized on the cells of myxoid portion, along with the polygonal cells of solid sheet, board cord, and ductular formation, but the cells of chondroid portion and the spindle-shaped cells forming trabecular structure did not.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1981

Seasonal variation of sensitivity of nasal mucosa in pollinosis.

The purpose of the present paper is to examine whether hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa observed in nasal allergy is cause or result of allergic reaction using the subjects with pollinosis in which the exposure period can be clearly distinguished. Subjects are 30 cases of Japanese cedar pollinosis and orchard grass pollinosis and 25 normal controls. Inferior turbinate of unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated by a piece of filter paper soaked with 0.02 ml of 0.1% and 0.5% histamine hydrochloride. Frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were measured quantatively and were compared among the subjects with pollinosis in season, off season, and normal controls. In subjects with pollinosis when stimulated with extrinsic histamine, frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion were markedly enhanced in season, but during off season no apparent difference was observed compared with normal subjects. Relationship between frequency of sneezing and amount of nasal secretion indicated positive correlation (alpha less than 0.01). Positive correlation was also observed in amount of nasal secretion in ipsilateral and contralateral nasal cavity when unilateral nasal cavity was stimulated with histamine (alpha less than 0.01). Hyperrhinorrhea was closely related with hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa. The present study showed that hypersensitivity of nasal mucosa characteristic of nasal allergy is nonspecific and that it is largely a result of antigen antibody reaction, which in turn works in causing exaggeration of the allergic symptoms and allergic reaction through vicious cycle.

Antigens↗
PubMed1981

Respiratory function during physical exercise in normal and obstructed noses.

Four healthy adults with normal nose were asked to pedal an ergometer for 3 min or more at a load of 25, 50, and 75 W/min, respectively. The same procedure was repeated on the same subjects whose nostrils were plugged. Air-flow and pressure difference between the mesopharynx and the nares, FO2 and FCO2, percutaneous-PO2 and ScO2 were recorded on a polygraph. At the start of the exercise, respiration deepened. Nasal resistance (Rn) decreased within 30 s and kept low while the exercise lasted. TcPO2 initially increased slightly for 1 min, then decreased. ScO2 also showed the same pattern, but of very slight range. At the end of the exercise Rn returned to pre-exercise level after slight rebound increase. Recovery of tcPO2 delayed for 30 s and its rebound increase lasted for more than 5 min. In case of nasal obstruction, such sequential changes of these parameters were of the same pattern as those in normal noses but were more evident. The results demonstrated that in case of moderate or severe nasal obstruction the exercise created hypoventilation despite a marked increase in the breathing activity if nasal breathing was continued.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The origin of the non-specialized epithelial cells cultured from human parotid gland.

We investigated the origin of the non-specialized cells proliferated in primary explant culture of human parotid gland. The predominant cells in surface layer were morphologically epithelial origin with desmosomes and intercellular digitations. The cultured cells did not show any specific affinity to parotin isolated from bovine parotid gland, which seemed to be one of the marker for duct cell. However, it was demonstrated autoradiographically that DNA synthesis in the cells was rapidly induced by isoproterenol, a potent stimulator of acinar cell. From these results, the non-specialized epithelial cells in explant culture seemed to be derived from acinar cell in human parotid gland.

Amylases↗
PubMed1981

Inhibitory effect of the ether extract of human feces on activities of mutagens: inhibition by oleic and linoleic acids.

An ether extract of normal human feces showed inhibitory effects on the activities of several mutagens in the Ames tests. By addition of the ether extract at an amount equivalent to 0.5 g of a sample of feces, the mutagenicity of 1.5 nmole of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 was completely inhibited. No killing of the bacteria was detected during this treatment. Other mutagens also subject to the inhibition were 2-amino-6-methyl-dipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1), 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (Glob-P-2), 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-d]quinoline (IQ), benzo[a]pyrene and aflatoxin B1. Apart from these mutagens, which require S9 for their activation, the direct mutagen prepared from Trp-P-1 by treatment with S9 was also inhibited by the fecal extract. The inhibitory principles in the fecal extract were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel and were identified as oleic and linoleic acids. Whereas these unsaturated fatty acids showed strong inhibitory activities, saturated fatty acids, i.e, stearic and palmitic acids, did not exhibit any inhibition. Although the physiological significance of these effects of oleate and linoleate is yet to be elucidated, this finding has indicated that care must be taken in screening mutagens by the Ames tests to avoid false negatives resulting from the presence of unsaturated fatty acids in the system.

Feces↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of the mutagenicity of cooked-beef basic fraction by its acidic fraction.

By using the Salmonella/microsome system, it was found that the activity of mutagens present in the basic fraction of cooked-ground-beef was completely suppressed by addition of the acidic fraction obtained from the cooked-beef. The suppression was ascribable to the presence of oleic acid in the acidic fraction. This finding indicates that no, or diminished, mutagenicity would be found in materials containing fat.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Primary reconstruction after total or extended total maxillectomy for maxillary cancer.

Conventional total and extended total maxillectomy for maxillary cancer have frequently brought about severe facial deformity and functional impairment. To minimize these postoperative problems, we have applied primary reconstructive procedures utilizing chiefly the deltopectoral flap with or without bone grafting in 46 patients. The results were fairly satisfactory judging not only from postoperative cosmetic and functional viewpoints but also from evaluation of long-term survival rate of maxillary cancer. Primary reconstruction was most advantageous because it allowed sufficient resection of the maxilla and surrounding tissue without much regard for postoperative problems. Indications and details of our reconstructive procedures were described and discussed.

Cleft Palate↗
PubMed1980

A physiologic study on respiratory handicap of the laryngectomized.

Lack of the upper airway function after laryngectomy creates unfavorable effects on the lower respiratory tract. The purpose of this study is to re-evaluate this relationship objectively. Respiratory function tests were performed on 13 laryngectomized patients. Pulmonary volumetry and ventilometry revealed increased RV and FRC, and decreased FEV1.0%, indicating evidence of obstructive changes in the lung, MEFV-recordings showed greater downward convexity than those of the normal at the lower volume level. The value of MEF50/body-height was definitely smaller than normal average in the same age group. Pulmonary resistance was in wide variety but definitely lower than normal because of lack of the upper airway resistance. If this component is added to the value, the total will be in normal range or even higher. Dynamic compliance remained mostly in the normal range when measured using a mask at the tracheostoma. The value was lower than normal when measured through a cuff-canula. The difference in static and dynamic compliances was greater than that in normal cases, which may indicate evidence of uneven distribution of air in the lung. Regular check-up and suitable respiratory care are recommended on the laryngectomized.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

The specific binding of parotin on duct cells of human parotid gland.

The relationship between parotin and human parotid gland was investigated using indirect technique of enzyme antibody method. Normal rabbit IgG has non-specific affinity to duct cells of human parotid gland, but it was suppressed by adding bovine serum albumin. Anti-parotin rabbit IgG has no reaction products on the sections of adult human parotid gland. When the sections, initially incubated with parotin solution in PBS, were treated with anti-parotin rabbit IgG containing bovine serum albumin, and then HRPO-labeled anti-rabbit gamma globulin antibodies (swine IgG), intercalated and striated ducts excepting excretory ducts were stained with diaminobenzidine reaction, but also acinar cells did not. These results indicate that parotin is bound specifically on duct cells of human parotid gland.

3,3'-Diaminobenzidine↗
PubMed1980

The effect of nasal obstruction in infancy and early childhood upon ventilation.

To evaluate the effect of nasal obstruction in infants and young children upon ventilation during sleep, change of ventilation was followed by polygraphic recordings of esophageal pressure, tidal volume and percutaneous oxygen tension when the nostrils were mechanically obstructed in 10 subjects; 3 types of ventilatory changes were noted. In 4 subjects periodic breathing appeared in which hypoventilation was alternated with occasional hyperventilation. Esophageal pressure, tidal volume and PO2 showed concomittant fluctuation. PO2 lowered during hypoventilatory phase was compensated by periodic hyperventilation. In 5 subjects upper airway obstruction was compensated for by increased respiratory endeavor and tidal volume and PO2 remained normal in spite of markedly increased esophageal pressure. In 1 subject tidal volume and PO2 remained decreased with marked increase of esophageal pressure. Largest airway obstruction was noted between the upper and the lower lips.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

Analysis of the results of our combined therapy for maxillary cancer.

The study was performed in 70 patients with maxillary cancer to evaluate how far the long-term survival rate of the maxillary cancer can be improved with maximum combination of radiation therapy using 6 mV Linac X-ray, intra-arterial chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil, sufficiently extensive maxillectomy and primary reconstruction. In 52 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, the 3-year and 5-year actual survival rates were 85.2% and 71.1% respectively. In the total 70 cases including those of undifferentiated carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, the 3-year and 5-year actual survival rates were 75.2% and 64.1% respectively. Primary reconstruction, which consisted chiefly of covering the entire wound surface with the deltopectoral flap, enabled us to perform as much resection of the subcutaneous tissue of the facial skin, tissue around the mandible and cranial base as necessary, without consideration of the postoperative facial disfigurement and functional impairments.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Influence of upper airway obstruction by enlarged tonsils and adenoids upon recurrent infection of the lower airway in childhood.

The influence of hypertrophied tonsils and adenoids upon ventilation during sleep was evaluated by polygraphic recording before and after adenotonsillectomy. In all 19 cases, esophageal pressure during sleep was elevated as high as 4-6 times normal. This was caused by nasal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy and obstruction of the "oral airway" by hypertrophied tonsil and collapse of the tongue due to muscular relaxation during sleep. When minimal amount of contrast media was instilled slowly into the nasopharynx aspiration of the contrast media into the lung was found significnatly more frequently in subjects with upper airway obstruction. Active aspiration of the secretion by marked inspiratory negative pressure during sleep may play a major role in causing recurrent infection of the lower airway frequently seen in these children.

Adenoids↗