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Biomedical subjects

K Togawa

Publications and source records attributed to K Togawa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Neurogenic neoplasms in the head and neck region.

Thirteen cases of neurogenic tumor in the head and neck region experienced during the past fifteen years were reported. Six of them were neurilemmomas, three neurofibromas associated with von Recklinghausen's disease, two ganglioneuromas and two paragangliomas (chemodectomas). Representative cases were reported in detail in conjunction with considerations regarding diagnosis, treatment, and histopathologic findings by reviewing pertinent papers.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Statistical analysis of changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth.

The purpose of this study was to further investigate the changes of pediatric nasal patency with growth. The nasal patency of Japanese children aged 6 to 14 years was measured by active anterior mask rhinomanometry in terms of effective cross-sectional area (ECSA). The total nasal ECSA of the boys studied was larger than that of the girls of the same age groups. Total nasal ECSA was significantly correlated to age and height, as not transformed, and to weight as logarithmically transformed. Moreover, our study suggests that pediatric nasal resistance is inversely proportional to the second power of age, of height, and of body weight; however, it was concluded that the parameter of height was in itself sufficient to permit an approximate calculation of the total nasal ECSA in normal subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Effect of blindfolding one eye on vestibular compensation in guinea pigs.

It is known that visual input plays an important part in vestibular compensation. Recent physiological evidence has shown that there are some differences regarding functional contributions to the vestibular nuclei between the right and left eye. The present experiment was undertaken to elucidate the influence of blindfolding one eye on vestibular compensation. Guinea pigs were distributed into three groups: control group, left eye surgically closed, and right eye surgically closed. Chemical labyrinthectomy was performed by injecting chloroform into the left middle ear under light ether anesthesia. Nystagmus beats and head deviations were analysed to assess the process of compensation. Results have shown that the elimination of visual input from one eye ipsilateral to the lesion side could significantly retard the compensation, whereas no significant difference was found between the control eye and the right eye surgically closed group. It is believed that the present result could be due to direction selectivity of visual input in those subjects. The neural mechanism responsible for this result is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Obstructive sleep dyspnea. Diagnosis and treatment.

Polysomnography was performed on obstructive sleep dyspnea patients before and after treatment. Based on the value of intraesophageal pressure, the grade of respiratory disturbance was classified in 4 groups; normal, slightly obstructed, moderately obstructed and highly obstructed. In general, as the grade advanced, more parameters showed abnormality, Transnasal continuous positive pressure (CPAP) was a useful diagnostic method to evaluate the severity of obstruction. During the past 7 years, polysomnography has been performed on 50 children and 62 adults who complained of sleep dyspnea. Only highly obstructed cases underwent surgery; intranasal corrective surgeries, adenotonsillectomy, sinusectomy, UPPP and any combination of these. Most of them had more than one cause. After surgery, all of them were satisfied, except for a few whose snores were not so loud even when we tested before surgery. Postoperative survey by inquiry sheets demonstrated that recovery of sound sleep and enough rest resulted in refreshing and active lives during daytime.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Phase II study of carboplatin in head and neck cancer].

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of carboplatin for head and neck cancer, a phase II study was conducted in 21 institutions. Eighty-eight patients were entered into this trial, of which 70 were evaluable. Carboplatin was administered intravenously over 0.5-1 hr at the dose of 400 mg/m2 in good risk cases and 300 mg/m2 in poor risk cases. One patient achieved complete response(CR) and 13 achieved partial response(PR) with an overall response rate of 20%. In terms of response by histology, the response rate was 22% in cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The response rate was 26% in previously untreated patients and 16% in previously treated patients. One CR and 2 PR were achieved in 14 patients with prior cisplatin treatment. Toxicity was observed in 47% of the 70 evaluable patients. Nausea and vomiting were the most common toxicity observed (36%) followed by anorexia in 27%. Concerning hematologic toxicity, thrombocytopenia was noted in 32% and leukopenia in 29%. Elevation of BUN and creatinine was observed in only 2 cases and 1 case, respectively. It was concluded that carboplatin suggested activity similar to cisplatin, and also could be safely used at the outpatient level.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Familial ossicular malformations: case report and review of literature.

Familial middle ear ossicular anomalies are rare. We report on a daughter and her mother with congenital conductive hearing loss. Tympanotomy disclosed hypoplasia of long crus of incus whose tip had been replaced with a fibrous strand. A review suggests that middle ear ossicular anomalies may be inherited as autosomal dominant traits. Most individuals were bilaterally affected. Most isolated cases were affected unilaterally.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Subgenomic studies on hepatitis B virus DNA integrated into the genome of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA into the chromosomal DNA of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue was studied by the Southern blot analysis using probes for subgenomic regions C, PreS, S and X. Eighteen Hind III-fragments prepared from DNA of the tumor regions of six patients with HCC, and hybridized with a full genomic HBV probe were analyzed. Lack of region S or PreS was concurrently accompanied by deletion of their 3'-end region of the HBV minus strand DNA. Region C was missing in 11 out of 18 fragments while regions X, S and PreS were deleted in 5/18, 3/18 and 5/18 respectively. Therefore, in some sequences integrated by subgenomic HBV DNA, the integration of replicative intermediate of the HBV minus strand DNA into the chromosomal DNA may take place and one of the viral integration sites seems to be in the region X.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1987

The role of chemical mediators and mucosal hyperreactivity in nasal hypersecretion in nasal allergy.

This study was designed to elucidate, first, the degree of participation of direct effects of histamine on the nasal glands and the nasal vasculature in clinical manifestation of hyperrhinorrhea in nasal allergy and, second, the existence of hyperreactivity of the nasal glands to acetylcholine in nasal allergy. The study demonstrates that histamine released by degranulation of basophilic cells in the nasal mucosa causes nasal hypersecretion mostly by way of the reflexive pathway. Approximately 4% of the amount of nasal secretion induced by an antigen challenge in subjects with house-dust nasal allergy was due to a leakage of plasma. There were almost no direct effects of histamine on the nasal glands. Nasal secretion induced by nasal challenge with acetylcholine after vidian neurectomy comes from the nasal glands by its direct effects on the nasal glands, the amount of which indicates degree of reactivity of the nasal glands to acetylcholine independent of hypersensitivity of the mucosal sensory system. The nasal glands of vidian neurectomized subjects having nasal allergy reacted more excessively to extrinsic acetylcholine than nasal glands of subjects of the control group. This verifies the existence of hyperreactivity in the nasal glands to acetylcholine in nasal allergy. The nasal glands of nasal allergy patients may respond more excessively to a given amount of acetylcholine released from parasympathetic terminals.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Neoexpression of ABH and Lewis blood group antigens in human hepatocellular carcinomas.

Expression of blood group ABH, Lewis, and sialylated-Lea antigens in human hepatocellular carcinomas and the adjacent nontumorous liver tissues was investigated with the use of seven monoclonal antibodies against these carbohydrate determinants. Chromatogram antibody-binding assay and solid-phase enzyme immunoassay of the upper-phase neutral glycolipids revealed the tumor-associated expression of blood group A-active glycolipids incompatible with blood-type status of the patients, a blood group A-active glycolipid with mobility on thin-layer chromatography between the known 6- and 8-sugar blood group A-active glycolipids in human erythrocytes, blood group H-active glycolipids, and blocked synthesis of Lea-active glycolipids with or without concomitant accumulation of Leb-active glycolipids. Immunohistochemical analysis of the fixed tissues with the use of an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method revealed blood group antigens in biliary epithelial cells but not in parenchymal liver cells. However, hepatocellular carcinoma cells in some cases expressed H and Leb antigens. Although only type 1 chain H antigen was detected in biliary epithelial cells, both type 1 and type 2 chain H antigens were found in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1987

[Multidisciplinary treatment of maxillary cancer].

Cases of maxillary cancer treated at our institute can be divided into two groups. In the first group (1971-1982, N = 85), we treated maxillary cancer by preoperative intraarterial infusion of 5-FU and Linac X-ray irradiation (60 Gy/6 weeks), followed by maxillectomy. In the second group (1982-1986, N = 32), we further combined intraarterial or intravenous chemotherapy using CDDP preoperatively or postoperatively depending upon the stage of the cancer. Five-year survival rate was 64.7% in the first group and 73.9% in the second. In the first group, the most frequent cause of death was distant metastasis without local recurrence. In the second group, the histopathological effect of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was improved with a reduced frequency of distant metastasis and it has now become possible to have 5-year survivors from among N2 and M1 cases. Judging from the histopathological effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, it seems possible to treat T2 and some T3 cases of maxillary cancer without performing maxillectomy. However, in T4 and most of T3 cases in which early recurrence is difficult to detect, it seems safer to combine total maxillectomy primarily.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

Molecular hybridization methods for determination of serum HBV-DNA.

Molecular hybridization methods for determination of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) in serum were studied. A simple method by which serum was treated with sodium hydroxide, followed by dot hybridization procedure on filter sheets provides a sensitive and direct result for detecting HBV-DNA. Another method in which DNAs extracted from Dane particle fraction were subjected to the molecular hybridization method on a filter membrane, provided similar results although this method is time consuming. The third method in which serum was directly spotted on filter sheets, followed by alkaline-treatment seems to be less sensitive. Three filter papers, NC filter, Zeta-Probe and Biodyne, on which molecular hybridization was performed, gave similar sensitivity.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum: a case report.

A rare case of chondrosarcoma arising in the nasal septum, which appeared in an eighty-year-old female, was reported. The tumor extended bilaterally in the nasal cavity and to the skull base. Radiation therapy was performed for the patient, considering of her age. Histological findings including electron micrograph were shown, and pertinent literatures were reviewed to discuss clinicopathological features of the tumor.

Aged↗