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Biomedical subjects

K Togashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Togashi.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Transection of the pituitary stalk: development of an ectopic posterior lobe assessed with MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in ten patients with pituitary stalk transection who had idiopathic pituitary dwarfism. Contiguous sagittal T1-weighted images were obtained in all cases, and, in some, axial or coronal images were taken for further evaluation. On MR images, normal anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland can be clearly differentiated because the posterior lobe has a characteristic high intensity on T1-weighted images. In the ten patients, the high-intensity posterior lobe was not seen, but a similar high signal intensity was observed at the proximal stump in seven patients. This high-intensity area is the newly formed ectopic posterior lobe, which secretes antidiuretic hormone just as the posterior lobe would. When the ectopic lobe completely compensates for the impaired posterior lobe, endocrinologic data indicate normal posterior lobe function. However, MR imaging can reveal the transection of the pituitary stalk and formation of the ectopic lobe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Direct radiographic magnification with computed radiography.

Computed radiography was combined with a 0.1-mm microfocus radiographic tube to obtain radiographic magnification of a x3 to x5. Gray-scale image processing compensated for the loss of radiographic contrast associated with the high-kilovoltage, short-exposure technique. The high-pass spatial frequency filtering capability of the computed radiography resulted in enhanced edges and increased displayed latitude. The improved image quality obtained by magnification computed radiography allowed delineation of subtle abnormalities and small anatomic structures not apparent on conventional screen-film contact or magnification radiographs.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

Diagnostic capability of ultrasound versus CT for clinically suspected ovarian mass with emphasis on detection of adhesions.

Diagnostic capability was compared prospectively between ultrasound and CT using 25 consecutive cases of clinically suspected ovarian mass, which were found postoperatively to be comprised of 12 cases of ovarian neoplasm (of which 7 were malignant). 5 cases of endometriotic cyst, and 8 cases of nonovarian tumors including 4 cases of abscess. Accuracy for the histologic diagnosis with ultrasound and CT was 56 and 84%, respectively (P less than 0.05). With respect to discrimination of cystadenoma from cystadenocarcinoma, detection of intraperitoneal seedings, of paraaortic lymph node metastasis, and of ascites, either of the two imaging modalities was comparable to the other in their proficiency. In contrast to ultrasound, which permitted evaluation of adhesions to the uterus only in selected cases and hence was of limited use in this respect, CT was proficient in predicting the presence or absence of adhesions around the mass involving the uterus as well as other adjoining structures. The fact that CT is competent in detecting adhesions adds further value to CT as a powerful tool for the preoperative investigation of pelvic mass.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1986

Stomach and duodenum: radiographic magnification using computed radiography (CR).

We performed direct radiographic magnification (X3) using a 0.1-mm microfocal tube and computed radiography (CR) in air-barium double-contrast studies of the stomach and duodenum. To eliminate blurring of the image due to motion, we used the maximum kilovolt peak rate possible (102 kVp), the maximum milliampere second rate possible (64 mAs), the shortest possible exposure time (0.1 second), and a horizontal x-ray beam. With the patients in the supine position, CR provided the wide image reproduction range required to obtain satisfactory radiographs. Image processing in the CR system produced radiographs with increased radiographic contrast and enhanced edge definition of anatomic borders or pathologic processes. The duodenal villi were clearly visible in 45% of the cases.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Uterine cervical cancer: assessment with high-field MR imaging.

Nineteen patients with histologically proved cervical carcinoma were evaluated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Clinical, MR, and surgical findings were compared to determine accuracy and clinical usefulness of MR in demonstrating mass and extent of disease. MR imaging enabled clear differentiation of corpus uteri, cervix, vagina, uterine ligaments, and tumor. Tumor was demonstrated as a high-intensity mass deforming the low-intensity cervix; the low background intensity of normal structures provided high contrast to the mass. MR imaging accurately demonstrated the tumor in all ten patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma and showed a normal cervix in nine patients with early cancer. On sagittal images, the shape of corpus uteri, cervix, and vagina, and their relationship to the mass were clearly assessed, with their long axes usually in a single plane. On axial images, assessment of parametrial tumor extension was facilitated by clear definition of the low-intensity cervix and uterine ligaments. Although more study is needed to determine the accuracy of MR in staging, MR is a promising method in evaluating cervical carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Anti-triiodothyronine antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis].

Anti-triiodothyronine antibody was found in a case of rheumatoid arthritis associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The patient was a 40 year-old woman who had complained of polyarthralgia, joint-swelling and stiffness for seven years. She had a rheumatoid nodule and showed a positive RA test. Radiographic changes of hands and wrists showed osteoporosis, erosions and narrowing of joint space. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had been used for seven years. The diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis had been made by open biopsy of the thyroid gland seven years before. Serum T4, TSH, TBG, free T4, free T3 and r-T3 were all normal. On the other hand, serum T3 level was almost unmeasurable by radioimmunoassay. Binding of 125I-T3 to the patient's serum was studied by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and column chromatography. By using the PEG method, the binding of 125I-T3 to the patient's serum was tenfold compared to control serum. Sephadex G-25 column chromatography (0.9 X 1.5 cm) of 125I-T3 with the patient's serum in the presence of 0.1% ANS showed an early radioactive peak, while control serum did not show an early peak. In the next experiments, the patient's serum was labelled with 125I-T3, mixed with human anti-IgG, IgM, IgA, lambda, kappa, incubated at 4 degrees C for 20 hours and centrifuged for 20 min. Strong binding to the anti-IgG and anti-lambda was detected. The presence of this abnormal T3-binding globulin in the patient's serum may have produced an undetectable T3 level.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Interactions of codeine-7,8-oxide (codeine-epoxide), as a new metabolite of codeine, with multiple opiate receptors.

Interactions of codeine-epoxide, a new metabolite of codeine, with multiple opiate receptors were studied using radioligand binding assay. The ability of codeine-epoxide to displace [3H]dihydromorphine binding was the most effective among three labeled ligands, that is, [3H]dihydromorphine, [3H]-D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin and [3H]ethylketocyclazocine, suggesting that codeine-epoxide had a selectively high affinity to mu-receptors, despite the fact the affinities of codeine-epoxide to opiate receptors were slightly less potent than its parent compound, codeine. Since "sodium ratio" and "GTP ratio" on codeine-epoxide binding lay between those of codeine and naloxone, the interaction of codeine-epoxide with opiate receptors may be slightly different from that of codeine.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Dopaminergic modulation of the renal effect of arginine-vasopressin in water-loaded rats.

In order to confirm whether dopamine inhibits the antidiuretic action of vasopressin in mammalian kidney, we examined interactions among arginine vasopressin (AVP), dopamine and haloperidol in water-loaded ethanol anesthetized rats. The submaximal dose of AVP causing antidiuresis was 80 microU in this preparation. Dopamine at the doses of 0.11, 1.1 and 11 micrograms/100 g body weight (i.v.) inhibited the antidiuretic effect of 80 microU AVP by 18 +/- 7, 27 +/- 6 and 36 +/- 14%, respectively. The effect of 1.1 micrograms/100 g body weight dopamine in inhibiting the action of AVP was completely reversed by haloperidol at 2.3 micrograms/100 g body weight. Single administration of dopamine or haloperidol was without effect on urine flow. These observations support the view that dopamine inhibits the antidiuretic action of vasopressin by dopaminergic receptors also in the mammalian kidney.

Animals↗