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Biomedical subjects

K Togashi

Publications and source records attributed to K Togashi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass: mechanism and prevention].

The mechanism of complement activation during cardiopulmonary bypass was studied for the prevention. In ten patients undergoing open-heart procedures, the serum levels of complement fractions (C3, C4, and C3 activator) were measured by a single radial immune diffusion method. In four of ten patients, the plasma levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a fractions were studied by the radioimmunoassay 2 antibodies method. The serum levels of C3, C4, and C3 activator decreased after cardiopulmonary bypass. The plasma levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a increased after bypass. The lower level of C3 activator shows that C3 activator was not excessively produced during cardiopulmonary bypass. Therefore it can be thought that much C4b2a from classical pathway as well as C3a over-production localizing extra-corporeal circuits and little inhibitors on alternative pathway resulted in increased complement activation. The prevention should be done from these etiologies.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Adenomyosis: diagnosis with MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of adenomyosis were studied in eight women (aged 37-49 years) who underwent hysterectomy, and detailed radiologic/pathologic correlation was conducted in all cases. Adenomyosis produced diffuse and smooth uterine enlargement. The extent of the lesion was clearly identified on images obtained with long repetition time and long echo time; a diffuse, low-intensity area accompanied by tiny high-intensity spots was seen subjacent to the endometrium. The area appeared as a localized or diffuse thickening of the junctional zone because it was often isointense with this zone. Pathologic examination confirmed that the extent of adenomyosis correlated well with the low-intensity region on MR images and that both hemorrhagic areas and nonbleeding endometrial tissue corresponded to the high-intensity spots. The lesion consisted of distorted and compacted smooth muscle cells, but microscopic studies failed to explain the definitive difference in intensity between areas of adenomyosis and myometrium.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Thyroid masses: MR imaging and pathologic correlation.

The authors explored the capability of high-field-strength surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in disclosing the gross pathologic characteristics of thyroid masses (especially pseudocapsular and hemorrhagic degeneration). Twenty-four patients were examined, including 12 with papillary carcinoma, eight with adenoma, and four with adenomatous goiter. All patients underwent surgery within 2 days after MR imaging. Specimens were cut and correlated directly with MR images. The appearance of the pseudocapsule was classified into four types: A, intact and even thickness around the tumor; B, only partially present or even absent; C, intact but with uneven thickness; D, partially destroyed by tumor. MR imaging findings corresponded precisely with those of gross pathologic examination in all cases but four of adenoma. Type A pseudocapsules were found only in adenoma and type D only in papillary carcinoma. Although the number of cases in the series was limited, the authors conclude that MR images reflect gross pathologic findings well and that some characteristic findings are suggestive of benign or malignant disease.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1988

Spinal arteriovenous malformation: MR imaging.

Ten patients with spinal arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were examined with high-field-strength (1.5-T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and a surface coil (eight patients) or head coil (two patients). Four AVMs were intramedullary, and six were extramedullary. There was one case of Foix-Alajouanine disease (subacute necrotizing myelitis; thrombosed AVM). Three important pathologic findings--myelomalacia, total thrombosis, and wall thickening of the draining vein--were clearly demonstrated at MR imaging and confirmed at autopsy. A flow-sensitive sequence was valuable in the depiction of one intramedullary AVM as hyperintense, the postoperative evaluation of AVM, and the differentiation of nidus from old intramedullary hematoma. In other AVMs, cord edema, periradicular hematoma, and reversible changes of cord scalloping after surgery were demonstrated. MR imaging demonstrated various pathologic changes of the spinal cord that could not be detected with any other imaging method.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Aorto-caval fistula complicated by a DeBakey IIIb-type dissecting aortic aneurysm: report of a case].

The patient, male and 70 years of age, was suspected of having a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm during the laparotomy, and referred to our department. After admission it was found that a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated with dissecting aneurysm. Urgent surgical intervention should have been scheduled but an initial conservative control was necessary because of impaired hepato-renal function and hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcer. Meanwhile, pleural effusion, edema in lower extremities and abdominal continuous vascular murmur appeared, and cardiac failure symptoms gradually aggravated. The formation of arteriovenous fistula was suspected. Aortography revealed the DeBakey IIIb type dissecting aortic aneurysm complicating an abdominal aneurysmal rupture with the fistula formation to inferior caval vein. Neither enlargement nor progress of a thoracic aortic aneurysm were observed by CT scanning examination and the closure of fistula and Y grafting were performed successfully. So far, only one case of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm forming the aorto-caval fistula and complicating dissecting aortic aneurysm was reported in Japan, and, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case treated successfully.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Endometrial cysts of the ovary: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 15 cases of ovarian endometrial cyst were reviewed. With a high-field-strength (1.5-T) MR imager, T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained in axial and sagittal planes, with 5-mm section thickness. MR findings highly suggestive of an endometrial cyst included adhesions to the surrounding organs (e.g., loss of clear margin of the uterine body and tethered appearance of the rectum); a distinct low-intensity zone surrounding a cyst loculus on both T1- and T2-weighted images produced by a thick fibrous capsule; loculus contents with short T1 and long T2 values, attributed to hemorrhagic fluid; and prominent low intensity (shading) within a loculus on T2-weighted images, the mechanism of which is yet to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian cystic teratomas: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of ovarian cystic teratomas were evaluated in 18 patients with 23 surgically proved tumors. The fat within the tumor demonstrated characteristic intensity similar to that of subcutaneous fat and a pathognomic pattern of chemical shift artifact that helped differentiate ovarian cystic teratomas from endometrial cysts. In addition to fat, MR images of ovarian cystic teratomas had several other characteristics that allowed confident diagnosis, including gravity-dependent layering or floating debris, palm tree-like protrusions or rounded nodules (dermoid plugs), and, occasionally fat-fluid levels and globular calcification. MR images were diagnostic in 20 tumors and were able to depict a tumor measuring 2 cm in diameter. MR imaging appears to be valuable in problematic cases in which other modalities are not diagnostic.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Vaginal agenesis: classification by MR imaging.

Vaginal agenesis was studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging lin a 15-year-old girl, a 19-year-old woman, and a 21-year-old woman. In each case MR studies demonstrated the presence or absence of a normal cervix and functioning endometrium. This information was useful in planning surgical management. MR imaging assisted in the classification of the abnormality by noninvasively demonstrating the details of pelvic anatomy-and the uterine morphologic characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Hepatocellular carcinoma: MR imaging.

Sixty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T. MR imaging was equivalent to CT in detection of HCC. MR imaging was superior to CT in demonstrating the details of tumors, especially pseudocapsules. In 58 cases, main tumors were detected with MR imaging. On spin-echo (SE) 600/25 (repetition time msec/echo time msec) sequences, tumors were hyperintense in 18 cases, isointense in ten, and hypointense in 30. On SE 2,000/60 sequences, all but two tumors had high signal intensity. Pseudocapsules, intratumoral septa, daughter nodules, and tumor thrombi, which are important characteristics of HCC, were demonstrated in 22, three, six, and six cases, respectively, on MR imaging. MR imaging is useful for characterizing the internal architecture of HCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Moyamoya disease: MR imaging.

Eleven patients with moyamoya disease were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performed with a high-field-strength (1.5-T) superconducting magnet. In all cases a fundamental pathologic change of moyamoya disease--occlusion or stenosis of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery and the proximal portion of anterior and middle cerebral arteries--was clearly demonstrated. The characteristic collateral network from the suprasellar cistern to the basal ganglia, which corresponds to the "moyamoya vessels" on angiograms, was seen in several patients. Various ischemic changes, including infarction, brain atrophy, and ventricular dilatation, were also well demonstrated. MR imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of moyamoya disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Thyroid gland: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in eight healthy volunteers and 30 patients with histologically and endocrinologically proved thyroid diseases. The use of a surface coil greatly improved spatial resolution, and normal anatomic structures were well demonstrated. In thyroid tumors, the margin, pseudocapsule, and lymph nodes were easily detected. Smooth margins, lobulated margins, and pseudocapsules were found in both adenoma and papillary carcinoma, whereas unclear margins were found only in papillary carcinoma. An unclear margin between the tumor and adjacent normal thyroid tissue seemed to reflect an ill-defined tumor border on gross pathologic examination. Metastatic lymph nodes as small as 3 mm were seen. Identification of small vessels enabled detection of dilated vessels in thyroid parenchyma in patients with Graves disease. Hemorrhage (hemorrhagic degeneration) was often found in adenoma, papillary carcinoma, and adenomatous goiter, resulting in variable signal intensity.

Adenoma↗