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Biomedical subjects

K Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Decreased incidence of diabetes mellitus by monosodium glutamate in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse.

Subcutaneous administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) to neonatal female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice resulted in obesity associated with stunting and hyperinsulinemia. However, the cumulative incidence of diabetes mellitus at 25 weeks of age in the MSG group was significantly lower than in the control group (10.3% vs. 43.6%, P less than 0.005). The immunoreactive insulin content of the pancreas from the 13- to 20-week-old MSG-treated mice was higher than that of the control mice (P less than 0.005). Immunohistochemistry showed that the number of pancreatic B-cells was well preserved and insulitis was attenuated in the MSG-treated mice. Plasma corticosterone and 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine levels were elevated in the MSG group. These results suggested that, by the MSG treatment, the B-cell functions were maintained through the modification of the degenerative process of the islets in the NOD mouse.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Dietary habits and gastro-intestinal cancers: a comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers in Nagoya, Japan.

A simultaneous case-control study on stomach cancer and colo-rectal cancer involving 93 cases with stomach cancer, 93 cases with colo-rectal cancer and 186 controls was conducted using a common questionnaire at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in 1981-83. A fondness for salty tastes, especially salted foods such as pickled hakusai (vegetable) and dried & salted fishes, which are typical traditional Japanese foods showed a significantly positive association with stomach cancer (relative risk(RR) = 2.60, P less than 0.01). On the other hand, the habit of eating a western-style breakfast, particularly for 10 years or more made a significant contribution to the risk of colon cancer (RR = 2.24, P less than 0.05) but conversely decreased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 0.50, not significant (NS)) and rectal cancer (RR = 0.40, NS). In this study, relatively frequent intakes (4 times/week) of some vegetables, i.e. pumpkin, green pepper, onion and cabbage, showed high relative risks for both stomach and colon cancers, contrary to the findings of previous epidemiological studies. Cigarette smoking increased the risk of stomach cancer (RR = 1.99, NS) but decreased that of colon cancer (RR = 0.61, NS). There was no positive relation between drinking and cancer at any site. Some other factors with opposite effects on the two contrasting cancers and some independent factors were identified in this comparative case-control study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Urban-rural difference in the trend of colo-rectal cancer mortality with special reference to the subsites of colon cancer in Japan.

In order to study the effect of urbanization on the epidemiological features of colo-rectal cancer in Japan, the age-adjusted death rates (AADRs) for right-sided (cecum, ascending and transverse) colon, left-sided (descending and sigmoid) colon and rectum cancers during three periods, 1969-71, 1974-76 and 1979-81, were compared among five areas with different population sizes; ten metropolitan cities (greater than 1,000,000), large cities (1,000,000-150,000), medium-sized cities (150,000-50,000), small cities (less than 50,000) and counties. The AADR for left-sided colon cancer has been increasing in recent years, especially in males, and was higher in urban areas than in rural areas, which may imply that the recent increase in the incidence of left-sided colon cancer is associated with an urbanization of the life styles of Japanese people. In Japan, the daily consumption of carbohydrate has been decreasing, but that of total fat has been increasing in recent years, and the ratio of fat/carbohydrate consumption as an energy source was strongly correlated with the AADRs for left-sided colon cancer among the five areas in the three periods. From this correlation analysis, it was suggested that urbanization of life style, namely, the recent westernization of eating habits of Japanese people might be associated with the recent increase of the AADRs for colon cancer, especially of left-sided colon cancer, in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Chronic thyroiditis as a risk factor of B-cell lymphoma in the thyroid gland.

In order to contribute to the etiological study of thyroid lymphomas, the development of lymphomas in pre-existing chronic thyroiditis was statistically investigated. A total of 5592 female patients (older than 25 years) with chronic thyroiditis diagnosed between 1965 and 1982 at Kuma Hospital in Hyogo Prefecture were followed up until December 31, 1984. From a total of 45623 person-years, 8 new cases of primary thyroid lymphoma were observed (O), all of which were judged to be B-cell type from their immunological or histopathological characteristics. Since the expected number of cases with malignant lymphomas (E1) and the expected number of cases with thyroid lymphomas (E2) were 2.45 and 0.10, respectively, the O/E1 and O/E2 ratios were 3.3 (P less than 0.01) and 80.0 (P less than 0.001), respectively. The average follow-up interval for the patients with thyroid lymphoma was 9.2 years. In the reference group, consisting of cases with Basedow's disease, an increased risk of thyroid lymphoma was not observed. The present results suggest that autoimmune reactions with a notable lymphocytic infiltrate may play an important role in the etiology of lymphomas in the thyroid gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[A case of preputial calculi].

A case of a 73-year-old patient with preputial calculi is presented. The patient visited our hospital complaining of consciousness loss. It was impossible to place a catheter because of complete phimosis. Palpatory examination suggested the presence of stones in preputial cavity. Dorsal incision was made. After pus discharge nine small stones were extirpated. Ammonium hydrogen urate (96%) and calcium phosphate (4%) were found in these stones with infrared spectroscopic analysis. Bacteriodes ureolytcus and Peptostreptcoccus asaccharolyticus were isolated from urine specimen.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A descriptive epidemiological study of hematopoietic neoplasms in Japan.

In 1982, the number of deaths from hematopoietic neoplasms was 5,885 for males and 4,237 for females, which corresponded to about 6% of all malignant neoplasms. The increase in the age-adjusted death rate in the last 10 years was highest for lymphatic leukemia (1.8 times), followed by multiple myeloma (1.7 times), malignant lymphomas (1.3 times) and myelogenous leukemia (1.1 times). In the old-age group, i.e., over 70, the death rate for all types of hematopoietic neoplasms markedly during this period, particularly for multiple myeloma. In children, however, an increase in lymphatic leukemia and a decrease in decrease in myelogenous leukemia were observed. Geographical marked excess in the death rates for malignant lymphomas and lymphatic leukemia in the Kyushu district, especially in the middle- and old-age groups. This may be attributed to the high incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in the southwestern part of Japan. The age-adjusted death rate for malignant lymphomas was slightly higher in rural areas than in urban areas in males in Kyushu.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Latitude and pancreatic cancer.

With regard to the geographical distribution of pancreatic cancer mortality, the relationship of the latitude and of the average temperature to pancreatic cancer mortality was examined. Both internationally and within Japan, a strong positive association between latitude and pancreatic cancer mortality and a strong negative association with the average temperature were observed. The simple correlation coefficient between pancreatic cancer mortality and the latitude was 0.724 for males and 0.725 for females, and that between pancreatic cancer mortality and the average temperature was -0.773 for males and -0.729 for females in 26 countries. In the 47 prefectures in Japan, the coefficient was 0.612, 0.615, -0.589, and -0.630 respectively. Most of these relationships remained statistically significant after controlling for per capita consumption of food which was also related to the pancreatic cancer mortality internationally, such as sugar, eggs, milk and dairy products, oils and fats, pulse, coffee, and fat. Within Japan, an urban-rural effect on the pancreatic cancer mortality was not observed in spite of a higher intake of fat in large cities. There remains the possibility that factors related to latitude or average temperature other than diet may be involved in the occurrence of pancreatic cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

[Renal arterial embolization for renal cell carcinoma].

Renal arterial embolization is often used in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma, either preoperatively to facilitate nephrectomy or as palliative therapy in advanced cases. Eighteen patients (18/58; 31%) underwent renal arterial embolization in our department since 1979, initial 10 cases with Gelfoam and steel coil (group G) and recent 8 cases with absolute ethanol (group A). Clinical studies of daily changes of symptoms and blood chemistry in both groups after embolization were compared and the results were as follows: Severe flank pain was noted immediately after embolization but thereafter well controlled without analgesics in group A. The patients in group G experienced no pain during the procedure of embolization but have had moderate flank pain of two or three days' duration with nausea and/or vomiting and required surgical procedure within a few days after embolization. Post embolization fever in group A was described as higher than that in group G significantly. Leukocytosis was noted to be persistent for up to seven days and blood chemistry showed transient marked elevations of GOT, GPT and LDH immediately after the procedure without significant value in both groups. Embolization to advanced tumor with many parasitic vessels or massive local invasion may not always be available for remaining of viable-appearing tumor cells in venous lumen, as if palliative treatment. Absolute ethanol may be more useful as the embolizing substance than Gelfoam and steel coil by reason of producing wide severe infarction of diseased kidney. Broad marked infarction due to renal arterial embolization may make pathological diagnosis difficult. Immunological effects of renal arterial embolization were not observed in short term patients survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1985

A new method of estimating bronchial hyper-responsiveness in younger children.

By using the new device, the "Astograph," it is possible to measure the continuous changes of respiratory resistance (Rrs) during bronchial inhalation challenge. This method, however, is not suitable for younger children because of wide variations in Rrs. So we studied a technique using a transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcPO2) monitoring system. The bronchial reactivity and sensitivity were significantly correlated between Rrs and tcPO2 (P less than .001), and there was no correlation between cardiac output and Rrs. The tcPO2-method is useful for measuring bronchial responsiveness, especially in younger children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Nonimmunologic activity of Dermatophagoides farinae extract.

Nine healthy and seven mite-sensitive allergic subjects were examined by skin sensitivity and IgE antibody to fractions from Dermatophagoides farinae, including high and low allergenic fraction to human. In the intracutaneous test, all healthy subjects reacted to 200 ng and in particular, five of them to 0.2 ng of Fr void on Sephadex G-100 filtration which was a low allergenic fraction. Furthermore, end points of intracutaneous test and specific IgE antibody titers did not correlate on Fr void. Conclusively, Dermatophagoides farinae extracts contain a nonimmunologically highly skin-reactive fraction.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Two cases of triple primary neoplasm and two cases of quadruple primary neoplasm including bladder cancer].

Two cases of triple primary neoplasm and two cases of quadruple primary neoplasm including transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder are reported. The first case was a 70-year-old male who had bladder cancer, occult cancer of prostate (adenocarcinoma) and highly differentiated adenocarcinoma of pancreas. He died of cachexy. The second case was a 69-year-old male. This case was also triple primary neoplasm including bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of penis and SCC of larynx. The third case was a 78-year-old male who had bladder cancer, adenocarcinoma of prostate similar to that of the first case, adenocarcinoma of stomach, and SCC of lung. He died of obstructive jaundice and renal failure owing to massive metastases of gastric cancer. The fourth case was a 78-year-old male who had four primary neoplasms such as bladder cancer, branchiogenic epithelial carcinoma, SCC of buccal mucosa and adenocarcinoma of rectum.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Inhibition of TSH-stimulated thyroid hormone release and potentiation of TRH-stimulated TSH release by indomethacin in perifusion systems of rat thyroids and pituitaries.

Using indomethacin (Ind), a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, in vivo experiments in rats and in vitro experiments with perifusion systems of rat thyroids and pituitaries were conducted. After 35 days of intragastric infusion of Ind, serum TSH levels were markedly increased, the thyroid was swollen and, as a consequence, T3 and T4 levels were normal. The T3 release from perifused rat thyroids under continuous stimulation with 10 mU/ml TSH was inhibited significantly (p less than 0.01) by 1.0 X 10(-6) M Ind. On the other hand, the TSH release from perifused rat pituitaries under TRH stimulation was enhanced conspicuously by Ind. It was concluded that Ind decelerated thyroid hormone release from the thyroid and accelerated TSH release from the pituitary in perifusion systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prevalence of possible adult T-cell leukemia virus-carriers among volunteer blood donors in Japan: a nation-wide study.

A nation-wide survey of carriers of adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) detected as anti-ATLA (ATLV-associated antigens) in volunteer blood donors was made in Japan. A total of 200 sera from donors between 40 and 64 years of age, collected in each of 64 blood centers located in eight districts, were tested for anti-ATLA by an indirect immunofluorescence test. The highest rate (8%) of seropositive donors was found in Kyushu and lower rates of 0.3 to 1.2% in other districts. However, the positive rate varied considerably in different localities even within districts with a high or low seropositive incidence. Further studies of all the donors (16 to 64 years old) in eight centers in Kyushu demonstrated two facts: (1) that the frequency of seropositive donors increased with age, and (2) that four centers in this district showed distinctly high incidences of seropositive donors, while the other four centers showed low incidences. The seropositive rate among all donors was estimated to be about 3% in Kyushu and 0.08 to 0.3% in all other districts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Modification of butylated hydroxytoluene-induced pulmonary toxicity in mice by diethyl maleate, buthionine sulfoximine, and cysteine.

Treatment of mice with diethyl maleate (DEM) or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) significantly enhanced the lung injury caused by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Conversely, cysteine protected mice from the lung toxicity of BHT. BHT administration to mice produced a time-dependent reduction of glutathione (GSH) content in the lung, but not in the liver. These results support the concept that conjugation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone (BHT-quinone methide), a proposed reactive metabolite of BHT, with GSH is involved in the detoxification of BHT in mice.

Animals↗