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Biomedical subjects

K Tajima

Publications and source records attributed to K Tajima.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[A case of soft vesical calculi].

A case of soft vesical calculi is reported. A 72-year-old male, visited our clinic complaining of discharge of white muddy substance. KUB film revealed calcification in the vesical region. Urinalysis showed UTI, and culture of urine was positive for Proteus mirabilis. Thereafter, the patient suffered from discharges of similar calculi several times. Two of three infrared spectroscopic charts showed mixture of calcium phosphate and ammonium hydrogen urate and that of the remaining disclosed magnesium ammonium phosphate. An alcian blue-PAS double staining of this calculus revealed the presence of acid and neutral glycosaminoglycans, and bacterial colonies. These calculi were thought to be different from the so called 'matrix calculi'.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

[A comparative case-control study of stomach and large intestinal cancers].

The incidence of stomach cancer, the most common cancer in Japan, has been decreasing, but that of colon cancer has been increasing in recent years. It is assumed that the change of Japanese life style, in particular dietary habits, has influenced the time trends of these gastro-intestinal cancers. In order to identify common, inverse and independent risk factors for the two contrasting cancers, a simultaneous comparative case-control study of both sites of cancers was done using a common questionnaire at the Aichi Cancer Center Hospital in 1981-1984. Its main results suggested that typical Japanese foods were positively associated with stomach cancer whereas western style foods increased the risk of colon cancer but decreased the risk of stomach cancer. It was suggested that a simultaneous comparative case-control study could be useful in identifying common, inverse or independent risk factors for the two contrasting cancers, such as stomach and colon cancers.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiological study on urolithiasis in Mie Prefecture. 1. Present status in 1985].

To determine the present status of urolithiasis in Mie Prefecture, we analyzed the 1,314 patients of urolithiasis at 17 Departments of Urology and 2 Departments of Medicine in 1985. The ratio of male patients to female patients was 2.6 to 1. The most frequent incidence of urolithiasis was observed in Iinan county. The incidence of urolithiasis in the urban area was the same as that in the country. Most of the stones (96.9%) were in the upper urinary tract. The incidence of lower urinary tract calculi tended to be high in southern Mie Prefecture. The ratio of upper urinary tract calculi to lower urinary tract calculi in the urban area was the same as that in the country. The peak incidence in males was in the forties, while that in females was in the fifties. The average age was 44.5 years old. Ureterolithotomy was the most frequent (37.5%) surgical therapy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and shock wave lithotomy done in 8.0% and 6.3%, respectively. The most frequent component of the urinary tract calculi was calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate (84.0%). The incidence increased in summer (April through September).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Formation of a glutathione conjugate from butylated hydroxytoluene by rat liver microsomes.

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was converted to S-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-glutathione (BHT-glutathione) by rat liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, molecular oxygen, and glutathione. NADH was far less effective than NADPH and exhibited little synergistic effect when used together with NADPH. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, such as SKF 525-A, alpha-naphthoflavone, metyrapone, and carbon monoxide, significantly inhibited BHT-glutathione formation. Liver microsomes from phenobarbital-treated rats catalyzed the formation of BHT-glutathione at a rate that was nine times the rate of adduct formation by control microsomes. No stimulation of BHT-glutathione formation was observed with the addition of liver cytosol fraction to the microsomal incubation mixtures even at low glutathione concentrations. These results support the view that BHT is converted by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases to a chemically reactive metabolite, possibly BHT-quinone methide, which forms BHT-glutathione by nonenzymatic conjugation with glutathione.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Morphological and biochemical studies on minocycline-induced black thyroid in rats.

The thyroid glands of the rats treated with 100 mg/kg/day of minocycline for 35 days showed black discoloration. In these thyroids, brown pigment granules were seen in the follicle epithelial cells, and they histochemically stained in the same manner as melanin. By electron microscopy, the deposition of the electron-dense material first occurred in lysosome-like granules and, with further administration, was observed also in the rough endoplasmic reticulum in some cells. Thin-layer chromatography showed that the Rf value of the extract from minocycline-treated rat thyroid was the same as that of the black substance obtained by mixing minocycline and 3% hydrogen peroxide but different from that of melanin. In minocycline-treated rats, the release of thyroxine (T4) from perifused thyroids was significantly less than that from control, and the analysis of iodoamino acids showed an increased monoiodotyrosine fraction. Thus, the pigment of thyroid in minocycline-treated rats was demonstrated to be a metabolic derivative of minocycline itself and minocycline may interfere with thyroid function in high-dose, long-term treatment.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Phospholipid surface bilayers at the air-water interface. I. Thermodynamic properties.

Dispersions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) in water spontaneously form a surface bilayer at the equilibrium air/water surface (Gershfeld, N. L., and K. Tajima, 1979, Nature [Lond.]. 279: 708-709). This phenomenon has now been demonstrated with dispersions of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and with a mixture of DMPC and DOPC. Each of these dispersions forms a surface bilayer at a singularity in temperature that is a characteristic of the phospholipid. The surface bilayer formed by the lipid mixture is shown to have the same composition as the bulk liquid-crystal phase of the dispersion, and the surface components have identical partial molar entropies as the bulk lipid components. These properties indicate that the surface bilayer has the same structure as the bilayer in the liquid-crystal phase of the bulk dispersion.

Air↗
PubMed1985

Inhibitory effect of iopanoic acid on the thyrotropin-stimulated release of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine from perifused rat thyroids.

Using a perifusion system, we studied the effect of iopanoic acid, an iodinated contrast agent used in oral cholecystography, on the release of cAMP, T3, T4, and rT3 from perifused rat thyroid pieces. A 0.1 mg/ml iopanoic acid solution significantly inhibited the TSH-stimulated release of cAMP (without iopanoic acid, 8175 +/- 373; with iopanoic acid, 5169 +/- 355 fmol/mg thyroid X 3 h, mean +/- SE) and T3 (without iopanoic acid, 971 +/- 32; with iopanoic acid, 659 +/- 32 pg/mg thyroid X 3 h) in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. T4 and rT3 releases were not significantly affected. Inhibition of TSH-stimulated T3 release by iopanoic acid was also observed at a concentration of 0.01 mg/ml. Propylthiouracil completely abolished the inhibitory effect of iopanoic acid on TSH-stimulated cAMP release but not on TSH-stimulated T3 release. TSH-stimulated cAMP release was augmented by iodide at a concentration of 1 X 10(-3) M in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine but suppressed by iodide at a concentration of 1 X 10(-5) M. TSH-stimulated T3 release was suppressed slightly at both concentrations of iodide. These results suggest that iopanoic acid may have an inhibitory effect on the TSH-stimulated cAMP and T3 release from perifused rat thyroids. This effect can probably be attributed to the iodide contained in the agent and to the inhibited intrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1985

Forskolin stimulation of 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine release from perifused rat thyroids.

In a perifusion system in the presence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, forskolin stimulated secretion of not only cAMP but also 3, 5, 3'-triiodothyronine (T3) from rat thyroid glands. The increases in both cAMP and T3 were dose-dependent at forskolin concentrations of 2.0 X 10(-7)M to 2.0 X 10(-5)M. After perifusion for 4 h, tissue concentrations of cAMP also increased as a result of forskolin treatment. Since forskolin is regarded as a specific activator of the cAMP generating system, this observed forskolin stimulation of T3 secretion from perifused rat thyroid glands indicates that cAMP is involved in regulating thyroid hormone secretion.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1985

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in children with allergic asthma.

Beat-to-beat variation of the heart rate in 53 allergic asthmatic children was quantitatively measured as a coefficient of variation of the R-R interval (CVR-R), and was compared with that of 284 nonallergic and 47 allergic children without asthma. Allergic children both with and without asthma had significantly higher mean CVR-R values (7.08 +/- 1.87 and 7.54 +/- 2.40 and p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively) than those of non-allergic children (6.32 +/- 1.88). These results confirm the previous reports that the increased cholinergic tone was related to the allergic state and not only to allergic asthma.

Asthma↗
PubMed1985

Estimation of rate of incidence of ATL among ATLV (HTLV-I) carriers in Kyushu, Japan.

From the mortality statistics on malignant lymphomas in Japan and nationwide studies on T- and B-cell malignancies, the number of deaths from adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) in adults older than 20 years in the Kyushu district was estimated at 339 or more per year in 1978-82. The incidence for ATL per 100,000 was estimated at 3.5 for adults and 5.7 for persons over 40 years of age in the Kyushu district. From the information from a nationwide study on the distribution of ATL virus (ATLV) carriers among volunteer blood donors, the number of ATLV-carriers in adults older than 20 years in Kyushu was calculated at 561,000 (310,000-793,000 at 95% confidence limit) in recent years. The incidence of ATL per 1,000 ATLV carriers in Kyushu was calculated at 0.60 (0.43-1.09) for adults, and 0.75 (0.55-1.18) for those over 40 years of age which was very close to the independently calculated figure of 0.84 (0.75-0.95) in the Goto Islands (the most typical ATL-endemic area). From these results, it was suggested that one case of ATL developed per year among 1,700 (900-2,300) ATLV-carrier adults and among 1,300 (800-1,800) ATLV carriers older than 40 years in Kyushu in recent years.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Simple and rapid estimation of serum theophylline concentration using apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay.

Theophylline concentration was measured by the apoenzyme reactivation immunoassay system using the Seralyzer system. The results were compared with those obtained employing high performance liquid chromatography and substrate-labelled fluorescent immunoassay. The results obtained by the above three methods were quite compatible with each other. Furthermore, the capillary method was quite compatible with the venous method which is useful for frequent measurement of theophylline concentrations, especially in children with asthma.

Apoenzymes↗