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Biomedical subjects

K Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to K Shiomi.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Rapid measurement of human parathyroid hormone-(1-84) by immunoradiometric assay for use in intraoperative determination of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands].

Rapid measurement of serum intact parathyroid hormone concentration was achieved by modification of an immunoradiometric assay for the hormone. Incubation of serum samples for 15 min at 37 degrees C under shaking gave optimal results in terms of assay variance and reproducibility: intra-assay CVs were less than 10% over the hormone concentrations of 11-1,600 pg/ml; intra- and inter-assay CVs for two control sera at different hormone levels were less than 12%. The minimal detectable hormone concentration was found at 27.8 pg/ml. The serum hormone levels of 43 subjects (31 health subjects, 9 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, and 3 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism) determined by either rapid or regular assay well correlated with each other (r2 = 0.979, p less than 0.001). In two patients with parathyroid adenoma serum intact PTH levels fell rapidly to 12.1% of the preoperative values 20 min after ligation of the vascular pedicle to the hyperfunctioning glands. We conclude that the modified assay protocol allows rapid, accurate, and simple estimation of intact PTH concentrations, and can be used as an intraoperative measure to aid both diagnosis and surgical cure of hyperparathyroidism.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Effects of sublingual nitrate in patients receiving sustained therapy of isosorbide dinitrate for coronary artery disease.

To examine the effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in patients receiving sustained ISDN therapy, 24 patients with coronary artery disease were divided into 2 groups. Group C comprised 12 patients without sustained ISDN therapy and group N included 12 patients with sustained ISDN therapy. Before and during administration of sublingual ISDN in both groups, aortic systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and coronary artery diameter were examined at cardiac catheterization. During sublingual ISDN, the aortic systolic pressure decreased by 20 +/- 6% (138 +/- 26 to 112 +/- 27 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) in group C and 10 +/- 6% (127 +/- 26 to 113 +/- 23 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) in group N (p less than 0.01, group C vs group N). The left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased by 65 +/- 16% (11 +/- 5 to 4 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) in group C and 43 +/- 14% (12 +/- 5 to 7 +/- 3 mm Hg, p less than 0.01) in group N (p less than 0.01, group C vs group N). During sublingual ISDN, the diameters of the proximal and distal segments of the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries increased more significantly in group C than in group N (p less than 0.01, group C vs group N). Thus, sublingual ISDN produced less reduction of aortic systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and less dilation of coronary artery diameter in patients receiving sustained therapy with ISDN than in those without sustained therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed1989

Headspace gas chromatography of stimulants in urine by in-column trifluoroacetyl derivatization method.

The analysis of stimulants in urine using a headspace gas chromatography system equipped with an in-column sample trifluoroacetylation unit was investigated. A 5-ml aliquot of urine containing stimulants was pipetted into a 20-ml autosampler vial together with 3.5 g of potassium carbonate. The vial was sealed and heated for 20 min at 80 degrees C, then 0.8 ml of the headspace gas and N-methylbis(trifluoroacetamide) gas were injected simultaneously into the gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector and a fused-silica capillary column (DB-1, 30 m x 0.32 mm I.D., film thickness 0.25 micron), with a gas-tight syringe. Calibration graphs prepared by the absolute calibration curve method showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.04 to 50 micrograms/ml for methamphetamine hydrochloride and amphetamine sulphate. The detection limits were 0.03 micrograms/ml for both of these compounds.

Acetamides↗
PubMed1989

Purification and characterization of a galactose-binding lectin from the skin mucus of the conger eel Conger myriaster.

1. A galactose-binding lectin was purified from the skin mucus of the conger eel Conger myriaster by affinity chromatography and HPLC. 2. The lectin was a simple protein having the same two subunits with a mol. wt of 12,500 and a N-terminal amino acid of phenylalanine. 3. Electrofocusing suggested that the purified lectin was composed of several isolectins. 4. From the ultraviolet difference spectra attributable to tryptophanyl residues in the binding site, the binding constant of the lectin for D-galactose was estimated to be 5.3 x 10(3)/M.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interaction of human parathyroid hormone-related peptide with parathyroid hormone receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells.

Synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino-terminal region of the human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (hPTHrp) were used to characterize the interaction of hPTHrp with parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptors in clonal rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). Both hPTHrp-(1-34) and [Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) showed full agonist activity in stimulating cyclic AMP accumulation in ROS cells; human PTHrp-(1-34) was approximately 2.5-fold as potent as hPTH-(1-34). Both [Tyr-40]hPTHrp-(3-40) and hPTH-(3-34) inhibited the cyclic AMP increase induced by either hPTHrp or PTH with parallel dose-inhibition curves. Binding to intact ROS cells of a 125I-labeled [Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) (125I-[Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40)) which retains full biological activity was time- and temperature-dependent and reversible. Binding of 125I-[Tyr40]hPTHrp-(1-40) and 125I-labeled [Nle8, Nle18, Tyr34]bovine PTH-(1-34)NH2 to ROS cells was competed for, to the same extent and with the comparable potency, by either unlabeled hPTHrp or PTH peptides. The binding capacity and affinity of receptors in ROS cells were strikingly similar for hPTHrp and PTH. Affinity cross-linking with either radioligand resulted in high affinity, specific labeling of an apparently identical macromolecule centering at Mr = 80,000, which was detected in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both reducing and nonreducing conditions. The data indicate that hPTHrp and PTH, their amino-terminal fragments at least, interact with the identical receptors with regard to affinity, capacity, specificity, and physicochemical characteristics in osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Osteoclast-mediated osteolysis in bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.

Osteolytic characteristics of bone metastasis from renal cell carcinoma were morphologically and biochemically investigated. First, undecalcified ground sections of bone metastases were made from four patients with renal cell carcinoma. Second, renal cell carcinoma cell line (RCC-K1) was established from one of the four patients, and its effect on bone resorption in vitro was examined. Marked proliferation and activation of osteoclasts around the tumor cells was histologically demonstrated. Conditioned medium from the RCC-K1 cells contained potent bone-resorbing activity in vitro. The activity was reduced to basal level by calcitonin, but was not blocked by indomethacin. The activity was lost after dialysis (MW cutoff 3500), while it was retained after 2 weeks of storage. Levels of prostaglandin E2 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D of the RCC-K1-conditioned medium were insufficient to cause bone resorption in vitro. The conditioned medium did not stimulate cAMP accumulation in rat osteoblastic cells. These results suggest that renal cell carcinoma causes bone destruction through the stimulation of osteoclasts by locally secreting an unknown humoral factor or factors.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Toxins in the skin secretion of the oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus): immunological properties and immunocytochemical identification of producing cells.

Antiserum against toxin I, one of the lethal factors in the skin secretion from the oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus), was used to examine immunological properties of the toxic factors and identify toxin-producing cells by an immunocytochemical technique. In immunodiffusion tests, the antiserum formed a precipitin line with toxin I while it formed no precipitin line either with another lethal factor (toxin II) or with a hemolysin. Lethal and edema-forming activities of toxin I were neutralized by the antiserum but lethal activity of toxin II and lytic activity of the hemolysin were not. These results suggested that toxin I can be antigenically distinguished from both toxin II and hemolysin. In immunocytochemical tests using the antiserum, club cells in the epidermis were positively stained, indicating that toxin I is produced in the club cells. Interestingly, venom glandular cells surrounding the dorsal and pectoral spines were also stained. The venom glandular cells appear to produce toxin I or a toxin with the same antigen determinants as toxin I.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Purification and characterization of a lethal factor in venom from the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci).

A lethal factor in venom of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) was obtained in an electrophoretically pure state by chromatography on CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The purified lethal factor is a basic (pI 10.6) glycoprotein (carbohydrate content 3.5%). The mol. wt was estimated to be 20,000 by gel filtration or 25,000 by SDS-disc electrophoresis, suggesting that the lethal factor has no subunit structure. Despite its basicity, the lethal factor was richer in acidic amino acids than in basic amino acids. The lethal factor had an LD50 of 0.43 mg/kg (i.p. injection into mice). Hemolytic, edema-forming and capillary permeability-increasing activities, though very weak, were also exhibited by the lethal factor, while hemorrhagic and phospholipase A activities were not present.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

New antibiotic napyradiomycins A2 and B4 and stereochemistry of napyradiomycins.

Napyradiomycins A2 and B4, new members of the napyradiomycins, have been isolated from the culture broth of Chainia rubra MG802-AF1. The structure of napyradiomycin A2 was elucidated as 16-hydroxy-17-methylenenapyradiomycin A1 by NMR studies. The absolute structure of napyradiomycin B4 was determined as 13-hydroxy-13-methylnapyradiomycin B1 by X-ray crystallography and therefore the configuration of C(4a) in other napyradiomycins is assumed as the R configuration. The geometrical isomerism of napyradiomycin C1 was estimated as 12E and 16E by nuclear Overhauser effect experiments.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Biosynthesis of napyradiomycins.

Biosynthetic studies on napyradiomycins were carried out based on the incorporation of [2-13C]acetate and [1,2-13C]acetate. The alignment of acetate units suggested that the B and C rings of napyradiomycins are derived from a pentaketide, while ring A and the side chain may be synthesized from mevalonate.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Hemolytic, lethal and edema-forming activities of the skin secretion from the oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus).

The crude extract from the skin secretion of the oriental catfish, Plotosus lineatus, contained at least one hemolysin, two lethal factors and two edema-forming factors; the lethal and edema-forming factors seem to be identical. The molecular weights of the hemolysin and the lethal factors (edema-forming factors) were estimated to be 180,000 and 12,000, respectively. Peculiar secretory cells, which resembled the venom glandular cells of the dorsal and pectoral stings, were observed in the epidermis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Novel antibiotics napyradiomycins. Production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activity.

Novel antibacterial antibiotics napyradiomycins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C2 have been isolated from the culture broth of Chainia rubra MG802-AF1. In this paper, taxonomy of the producer, and production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities of napyradiomycins are reported. They contain the naphtopyran chromophore and halogens, and inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria including drug-resistant strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Structures of new antibiotics napyradiomycins.

Structures of novel antibiotics, napyradiomycins A, B1, B2, B3, C1 and C2 were determined. By X-ray crystallography, napyradiomycin B2 was determined to be (3R,10aR)-3-chloro-10a-[[(1R,3S)-3-chloro-2, 2-dimethyl-6-methylenecyclohexyl]methyl]-3,10a-dihydro-6,8-dihydro xy-2, 2-dimethyl-2H-naphtho[2,3-b]pyran-5,10-dione. The structures of other napyradiomycins were elucidated by NMR studies. Napyradiomycins C1 and C2 have unique structures which contain 14-membered ring cyclized by carbon-carbon bond.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1985

Intensification of galactosamine hepatotoxicity by polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid.

The effects of polyriboinosinic acid-polyribocytidylic acid (poly IC) on galactosamine-induced liver cell injury in rats were studied. Treatment of rats with D-galactosamine-HC1 (400 mg/kg) increased their serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (E.C.2.6.1.1, GOT) activities, indicating that hepatocyte injury was induced by galactosamine. Rapid and intense elevations of serum GOT activities were observed when galactosamine (200 mg/kg) was administered simultaneously with poly IC (10 mg/kg) but not with poly I or poly C. Acute increase in serum GOT activities caused by the simultaneous administration of poly IC and galactosamine was prevented by the simultaneous administration of uridine (1 g/kg), which is known to inhibit the early biochemical alterations caused by the amino sugar in the hepatocyte. These findings suggest that poly IC intensifies the hepatotoxic effect of galactosamine in rats. This poly IC-induced sensitization was inhibited by pretreatment with poly IC (10 mg/kg) itself, when injected 24 hr before the administration of the hepatotoxin together with poly IC.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Isolation and characterization of a lethal hemolysin in the sea anemone Parasicyonis actinostoloides.

Four species of sea anemones in the coastal waters of Japan were surveyed for hemolysins. Powerful hemolysins were detected in Parasicyonis actinostoloides and Anthopleura japonica, whereas extracts of A. fuscoviridis showed much weaker hemolytic activity and those of of Haliplanella luciae no activity. Among the animal erythrocytes tested sheep were most sensitive to the hemolysins of the three positive species. The major hemolysin (parasitoxin) in whole bodies of P. actinostoloides was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration and chromatofocusing. In addition to hemolytic activity (119900 HU/mg) it exhibited lethal activity in mice (LD50 65 micrograms/kg, i.v.) and fish Oryzias latipes (approximate minimum lethal concentration 1.5 micrograms/ml). Parasitoxin was slightly basic (pI 7.9) in nature and its amino acid composition was characterized by the absence of half-cystine. The molecular weight was 19,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 17,000 by sedimentation equilibrium, indicating that parasitoxin has no subunit structure.

Amino Acids↗