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Biomedical subjects

K Shiomi

Publications and source records attributed to K Shiomi.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Type I familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Japan.

We studied 107 cases and 64 carriers of type I familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) residing in 16 districts in Japan. The age of onset of illness ranged from 20 to 71 years old, with a mean of 40.1 +/- 12.8 years (SD). One quarter of the cases were late-onset patients who developed the disorder after age 50. Asymptomatic carriers older than age 50 accounted for 20% of total carriers, with the oldest carrier being a 94-year-old woman. All the patients had a variant transthyretin with a methionine-for-valine substitution at position 30 with a mean serum level of 9.78 +/- 3.27 (SD) mg/dl. The serum level did not significantly differ by gender in either patients or carriers, nor between patients and carriers. Incomplete penetrance of clinical expression was shown in eight cases. This study indicates that there is a considerable variety in age of onset, progression and geographic distribution of type I FAP in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Association of attitude toward mathematics with self-efficacy, causal attribution, and personality traits.

983 children from Grades 1, 2, and 3 of the middle schools participated as subjects. Of these, 339 children were judged as having higher "self-efficacy" than the others. The associations of attitude toward mathematics with self-efficacy, attributions, and personality traits measured on the Shimoda Personality Inventory were investigated. Analysis showed that attitude toward mathematics had significant effects on mathematics performance. In attribution of effects to mathematics performance there were differences among the children across the grades. Among personality traits the immodithymic trait was significantly correlated with attitude toward mathematics.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

[A case of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis complicated with aplastic anemia, treated with surgical resection and postoperative sparfloxacin].

A few weeks after treatment with INH, RFP and SM, severe aplastic anemia developed in a 49-year-old man with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis due to M. kansasii. All drugs were discontinued immediately after bone marrow examination revealed severely hypoplastic marrow, but pancytopenia continued for several months. Although M. kansasii was sensitive to other drugs including CS and TH, these two drugs were also discontinued because of their respective psychiatric and hepatic adverse effects. Ofloxacin (OFLX), to which M. kansasii was sensitive, was administered without clinical improvement and complete resistance to OFLX developed after several months treatment. Right upper and middle lobectomy and S6 partial lobectomy was performed, and postoperative sparfloxacin (SPFX) administration resulted in cure of the disease. Drug sensitivity testing revealed that the organism had acquired resistance to OFLX, but was still sensitive to SPFX. Thus, SPFX appears to be an useful drug for the treatment of atypical mycobacteriosis.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1992

[Malignancies in patients with sarcoidosis].

We evaluated the occurrence and type of malignant tumors in 148 patients with sarcoidosis followed at the Okayama University Hospital. Nine patients had malignancies; in 2 of 9 patients the development of malignancy preceded that of sarcoidosis, and one patient presented with sarcoidosis and malignancy at the same time. Six patients developed six types of malignancy following the development sarcoidosis; one case each of stomach cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, testicular tumor, laryngeal cancer, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. There was no significant difference between sexes (3 males and 3 females). The mean age of the cancer group at the onset of sarcoidosis was 56 years, which was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of the control group. In these 6 patients, the mean interval from onset of sarcoidosis to detection of cancer was 11.7 years (range 1.5 to 30.2 years). The relative risk of malignancy was calculated based on the data for 148 patients with sarcoidosis with a total of 1371 person-years. The expected incidences of cancer for all sites and specific sites were estimated by applying age- and sex-adjusted person-years. The observed incidence of cancer was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater than the expected incidence for thyroid cancer, laryngeal cancer, and leukemia. No significant difference in incidence was found for all sites or for the other sites of cancer. The increased cancer incidence in sarcoidosis may be secondary to immunological abnormalities associated with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Release of interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis].

The supernatants from cultures of alveolar macrophages from 12 patients with sarcoidosis and 7 control subjects were assayed for interleukin-6 (IL-6) using an ELISA system. IL-6 was detectable without a stimulant in supernatants from all subjects with sarcoidosis and controls. However, the supernatants from 4 of 12 untreated patients with sarcoidosis contained significantly greater amounts of IL-6. When macrophages were stimulated by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), the mean level of IL-6 in the supernatant of patients with sarcoidosis was 5.18 +/- 1.46 ng/ml, which was significantly higher than in controls (3.34 +/- 0.39) (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with sarcoidosis, the mean level of IL-6 in the supernatant was significantly correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p less than 0.05), the level of interleukin-1 released by alveolar macrophages stimulated by P. acnes (p less than 0.05), and the phagocytic index of alveolar macrophages (p less than 0.05). The large amount of IL-6 in the supernatant after stimulation by LPS was measured in patients with sarcoidosis (24.49 +/- 13.36) and in controls (12.4 +/- 8.53), and there was no significant difference between patients with sarcoidosis and controls. Small amounts of IL-6 were detectable in bronchoalveolar fluid from only 2 of 26 patients with sarcoidosis; however, it was detected in none of 15 controls. It is suggested that the enhancement of IL-6 release by alveolar macrophages has a role in the activation of immune effector cells at sites of sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Identification and characterization of islet amyloid polypeptide in mammalian gastrointestinal tract.

We identified and determined the content and molecular form of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP/amylin) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of human, rat, mouse and cat. IAPP was isolated by anti- IAPP- IgG immunoaffinity chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassays for human and rat/mouse IAPPs. Human IAPP [1-37], [17-37] and [24-37] were identified in human stomach with IAPP [1-37] being the major molecular form. In the GI tract of rat, mouse and cat, IAPP [1-37] and IAPP [19-37] were identified with the latter being the major molecular form. IAPP is present from stomach to colon with the highest concentration being observed in pyloric antrum of stomach. IAPP content in rat antrum fell to 69% of control after 4 days of fasting, with the molar ratio of IAPP [19-37] to IAPP [1-37] increasing from 1.4 in controls to 2.9 in fasted rats. Identification of IAPP and characteristic morphology of IAPP- cells in the GI tract indicate a possible biological function of IAPP as a gastrointestinal peptide.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effects of sublingual nitroglycerin in patients receiving transdermal nitroglycerin for coronary artery disease: prevention of cross-tolerance.

The systemic hemodynamic and coronary dilative responses to sublingual nitroglycerin were studied in patients receiving transdermal nitroglycerin. A total of 48 patients with coronary artery disease were divided into 4 groups: 12 patients receiving 1 tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin without transdermal nitroglycerin (Group 1), 12 patients receiving 1 tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin with 12-hour-daily intermittent therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin (Group 2), 12 patients receiving 1 tablet of sublingual nitroglycerin with continuous therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin with continuous therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin (Group 3), and 12 patients receiving 2 tablets of sublingual nitroglycerin with continuous therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin (Group 4). Before and during administration of sublingual nitroglycerin, aortic pressure, left ventricular pressure, and coronary artery diameter were examined at diagnostic cardiac catheterization in all patients. During sublingual nitroglycerin, the decreases of aortic systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were greater in Group 1, 2, and 4 than in Group 3. Dilation of coronary arteries by sublingual nitroglycerin tended to be greater in Group 1, 2, and 4 than in Group 3. Thus, the effects of sublingual nitroglycerin for the relief of ischemia might be more prominent in patients with intermittent therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin than in those with continuous therapy. The increased dose of sublingual nitroglycerin for the relief of ischemia might be more effective in patients with continuous therapy of transdermal nitroglycerin.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1991

On the transforming growth factor beta-like activity of synthetic polypeptides comprising the amino-terminal sequence of human parathyroid hormone-related peptide.

Purified native forms of human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrp) have recently been reported to display biological activities characteristic of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). The TGF-beta-like property of PTHrp may reside within the amino N-terminal PTH-receptor binding region of the polypeptide, since a synthetic analog corresponding to amino acids 1-36 of human PTHrp is as active as purified native PTHrp in bioassays specific to TGF-beta. Complete lack of structural similarity between PTHrp and TGF-beta prompted us to address the question whether copresence of the TGF-beta-like and PTH-like biological activities in the N-terminal sequence of the PTHrp molecule is a general phenomenon observable with different N-terminal PTHrp peptides of varying amino acid chain length in a variety of target cells that respond in defined ways to TGF-beta in vitro. Two forms of synthetic N-terminal human PTHrp, PTHrp-(1-34) and [Tyr40]PTHrp-(1-40), which are fully active in conventional assays for PTH/PTHrp, were tested for effects in three in vitro bioassay systems for TGF-beta: 1) stimulation, and 2) inhibition, respectively, of epidermal growth factor-dependent soft-agar colony formation of either normal rat kidney-derived fibroblasts (NRK 49F) or human lung carcinoma cells (A549); and 3) biosynthesis of metabolically labeled fibronectin in both NRK 49F cells and clonal osteoblastic rat osteosarcoma cells (ROS 17/2.8). Human TGF-beta over the dose range of 2.5-80 pM significantly stimulated or inhibited soft-agar colony formation of either NRK 49F or A549 cells, respectively, and caused a severalfold increase in biosynthetically labeled [35S]fibronectin in NRK 49F and ROS 17/2.8 cells. In contrast, none of PTHrp-(1-34), [Tyr40]PTHrp-(1-40), and synthetic human PTH-(1-34), each tested at 0.1-10 nM, displayed detectable biological activity in any of the three assay systems. In addition, covalent cross-linking of intact NRK 49F and ROS 17/2.8 cells with either [125I]TGF-beta or 125I-[Tyr40] PTHrp-(1-40) revealed the presence of several distinct affinity-labeled receptor species for TGF-beta in both cell types and the 80K PTH/PTHrp receptors in ROS 17/2.8 cells. The affinity-labeled TGF-beta receptor species were insensitive to excess PTHrp and PTH peptides, and the 80K PTH/PTHrp receptors were insensitive to excess TGF-beta, indicating that PTHrp and TGF-beta do not cross-react with respect to receptor binding for interaction with these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of blood flow velocity patterns of central systemic veins in healthy adults assessed by Doppler echocardiography.

To evaluate the differences in shape and phase lag of the flow velocity curves in the superior (SVC) and inferior (IVC) venae cavae and the hepatic vein (HV), Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in 40 healthy adults (aged 20 to 67 years, mean +/- SD: 39 +/- 12 years). Flow velocity patterns in each vein were characterized by 4 major deflections: S wave, a systolic forward flow; D wave, a diastolic forward flow; A wave, a small backward flow or reduction of diastolic forward flow due to atrial contraction; and O wave, a small backward flow or reduction of forward flow after the second heart sound. Except for a reduced phasic flow in a collapsed IVC, the venous flow velocity recordings in each vein demonstrated very similar pulsatile patterns and small differences in mean time lags of less than 50 msec. In general, the lowest values of peak A/peak S, peak O/peak S and peak D/peak S were observed in HV flow and the highest in IVC flow. Backflows of A and O waves were prominent in HV flow, but small and least frequent in IVC flow. These data suggest that the baseline of the central venous flow recordings might shift downward in HV flow and upward in IVC flow. However, even if both the baseline shift and amplitude of the flow curve were normalized in each venous flow velocity curve, apparent differences in shape of the flow velocity curves would remain. We concluded that the characteristics and differences of each central venous flow velocity pattern should be noted in studies of these areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Structures of aureobasidins B to R.

Structures of 17 minor forms of aureobasidins (Abs), Abs B-R, were elucidated by mass fragmentation and amino acid analysis. The fragmentation patterns by FAB-MS spectroscopy of Abs A-E seemed to follow predictable rules, so we used the rules to elucidate the 13 other Abs. All Abs consisted of eight amino acids and one hydroxy acid.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

NMR studies of aureobasidins A and E.

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of aureobasidins A and E were analyzed by a variety of 2D NMR techniques. Two isomers of aureobasidin A existed as an equilibrium mixture in deuteriochloroform. The isomerism was associated with cis-trans rotation of the amide bond between N-methylphenylalanine and proline. Almost all of the aureobasidin E was found in deuteriochloroform as one conformer; the amide bond between beta-hydroxy-N-methylphenylalanine and proline was in the cis-conformation. Experiments with the NOE made identification of the conformation of the amide bonds of aureobasidins A and E possible.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Structure of aureobasidin A.

Aureobasidin A, a new antifungal antibiotic, was isolated from the culture medium of Aureobasidium pullulans R106. Aureobasidin A was a cyclic depsipeptide consisting of eight alpha-amino acid units and one hydroxy acid unit. The structures of the units were found by acid hydrolysis of the antibiotic to be 2(R)-hydroxy-3(R)-methylpentanoic acid, beta-hydroxy-N-methyl-L-valine, N-methyl-L-valine, L-proline, allo-L-isoleucine, N-methyl-L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, and L-phenyl-alanine. The sequence of the units was identified by NMR and FAB-MS of the products from the alkaline hydrolysis of aureobasidin A.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Liver damage by the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) lethal factor.

Upon autopsy of mice injected with the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) lethal factor, a change in color of the liver, swelling of the gall bladder and jaundice were observed. After administration of the lethal factor into mice, activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly elevated in serum. Hepatic ALP also increased markedly but hepatic GOT, GPT and ACP showed a tendency to decrease. Activity of hepatic LDH first decreased and then returned to control level. Histopathological studies showed that severe degenerative changes such as enlargement and necrosis of hepatocytes were caused in the mouse liver by the lethal factor. These results strongly suggested that the A. planci lethal factor is a potent hepatotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Change of left atrial systolic pressure waveform in relation to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

The relation between the left atrial systolic pressure waveform and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was observed in 17 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Left atrial pressure and left ventricular pressure were simultaneously recorded from a multisensor catheter before and during angiotensin infusion. Left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure were 133 +/- 17 and 12.3 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and increased to 168 +/- 18 (p less than 0.01) and 19.4 +/- 4.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The left atrial systolic pressure curve consisted of two positive waves--a first wave (A) and a second wave (A'). The A and A' wave pressures were 11.6 +/- 2.3 and 10.2 +/- 3.9 mm Hg, respectively, before angiotensin infusion and 16.5 +/- 2.9 (p less than 0.01) and 18.1 +/- 4.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), respectively, during infusion. The ratio of A'/A of left atrial systolic pressure was 0.81 +/- 0.27 before angiotensin infusion and 1.08 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01) during infusion. The ratio of A' to A of left atrial systolic pressure was linearly related to left ventricular end-diastolic pressure before and during (p less than 0.01) angiotensin infusion. The amplitude of the A wave exceeded that of the A' wave at normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressures. However, as the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased either at rest or during angiotensin infusion, the amplitude of the A' wave increased and often exceeded that of the A wave. These results suggest that the second (A') wave might be attributed to the increased reflection associated with increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Episodic fluctuation in serum intact parathyroid hormone concentration in men.

To evaluate the temporal features of physiological fluctuation in serum PTH concentration, we sampled peripheral blood at 4-min intervals for 24 h from five normal men (32.8 yr; range, 26-40 yr) and measured serum PTH levels using a two-site immunoradiometric assay with the exquisite sensitivity and specificity for human PTH-(1-84) (intact PTH). The resultant 24-h time series of serum intact PTH levels were assessed by contemporary techniques in chronophysiology for rhythmic and episodic peak detection. Cosinor analysis disclosed a significant circadian rhythm in serum intact PTH concentrations in all five men, with the mean circadian amplitude and acrophase of 7.2 +/- 4.4 ng/L and 2305 +/- 401 h, respectively (mean +/- SD; n = 5). No apparent fixed ultradian periodicity was found by autocorrelation and spectral analyses. Evaluation of episodic intact PTH pulsatility by Cluster analysis revealed 23.0 +/- 4.4 discrete PTH pulses/24 h (P less than 0.01 vs. signal-free noise), which occurred at an interpulse interval of 61.6 +/- 11.1 min. The average duration of a serum intact PTH peak was 42.8 +/- 7.3 min, and its mean incremental amplitude was 12.6 +/- 1.3 ng/L, which corresponded to a 31.8 +/- 5.2% increase above the preceding nadir. Discrete PTH peaks were separated by nonpulsatile valleys which lasted for 17.9 +/- 4.4 min. Cross-correlation between the time series of serum intact PTH and whole blood ionized calcium (Ca2+) was at its maximum (-0.5) at concurrent time points in three subjects, while significant positive correlation between serum intact PTH and simultaneous serum inorganic phosphorus concentrations was observed in four of five subjects. There was no apparent correlation between the levels of serum intact PTH and serum magnesium. Our data show that serum levels of intact PTH, the only biologically active form of PTH in the blood, is characterized by a significant circadian periodicity, spontaneous episodic pulsatility with distinct peak properties, and a significant temporal coupling with Ca2+ and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. We conclude that PTH secretion, as judged by the temporal pattern of serum intact PTH levels, is pulsatile in normal men.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries with associated ischemic ST depression on exercise: a report of three cases].

This report presented evidence of myocardial ischemia as the etiology of angina pectoris in three patients with congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries but without arteriosclerotic disease. All of three cases showed angina pectoris and ST depressions on their exercise electrocardiogram. Case 1: This 58-year-old man developed angina pectoris at the age of 50 years. His treadmill exercise test precipitated chest pain and ST depression. His coronary arteriograms disclosed an ectopic origin of the right coronary artery just anterior to the origin of the left coronary artery in the left coronary sinus. No significant atherosclerotic stenosis was present. An apparent ischemic manifestation appeared to be caused by compression of an aberrant right coronary artery between the aorta and the right ventricular infundibulum. Case 2: A 49-year-old woman had a history of angina. Her treadmill exercise test induced chest pain and an abnormal exercise electrocardiographic finding. Her coronary arteriograms revealed a single left coronary artery. Insufficient perfusion was postulated as a cause of apparent myocardial ischemia in this case though angiographically, there was adequate perfusion. Case 3: This 31-year-old man had a six-year history of angina. His treadmill exercise electrocardiograms revealed ischemic changes accompanied by chest pain. Coronary arteriograms disclosed a coronary artery fistula. The ischemic manifestation was apparently caused by inadequate perfusion due to coronary steal. With the increasing use of coronary arteriography, unusual origins and courses of coronary arteries will be more frequently encountered. Precise knowledge of anomalies is prerequisite for evaluating variations in the location of the coronary artery ostia and their statistical probabilities.

Adult↗