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Biomedical subjects

K Satoh

Publications and source records attributed to K Satoh.

At least 1,099 records · Page 61Linked to original sources

Transmitter biochemistry and histochemistry of the hypoplastic cerebellum in mice after neonatal administration of cytosine arabinoside.

Administration of cytosine arabinoside, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, to mice (50 mg/kg body weight) on postnatal days 2, 3 and 4 resulted in severe hypoplasia of the cerebellar cortex accompanied by a large decrease in the cerebellar DNA and RNA contents. On postnatal days 10, 20, 30 and 70, concentrations of the putative neurotransmitters, noradrenaline and serotonin, were significantly increased in the affected cerebellum. In contrast, gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration was little changed, although a decrease in the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid per cerebellum was observed from postnatal day 20. No changes were found in the concentrations of these transmitter candidates nor in dopamine in the cerebral cortex or the brain stem. Histofluorescence observations revealed abnormally dense noradrenergic fibers in a poorly organized cerebellar cortex. The distribution of these fibers was characterized by a honeycomb pattern in the Purkinje cell and granular layers, and a dense plexus in the lower part of the thin molecular layer. However, the significance of neither the density of the noradrenergic fibers nor their abnormal distribution was apparent from the results of this study.

Animals↗

Corneal findings in a foetus with Fabry's disease.

The cornea of a 22-week foetus with Fabry's disease was examined biochemically and histopathologically. The alpha-galactosidase activity in the cornea was very low compared with that of the normal control. Histopathologic examination revealed that intracytoplasmic lamellar bodies surrounded by a single membrane were present in the epithelial cells. The lamellar bodies were thought to result from the abnormal accumulation of ceramide trihexoside. We conclude that ceramide trihexoside already has begun to accumulate progressively in the epithelial cells in the mid-trimester of gestation.

Adult↗

Effect of temporary subdural-peritoneal shunt on subdural effusion with subarachnoid effusion.

A special entity called subdural effusion with ruptured subarachnoid effusion, which was diagnosed by CT, air study, and RI cisternography, was observed in 14 children of up to 10 months of age. 10 cases that showed symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) were treated by temporary subdural-peritoneal (S-P) shunt, and the remaining 4 cases that showed no symptoms of increased ICP were treated conservatively. 9 of the 10 cases treated by S-P shunt and 2 of the 4 cases treated conservatively showed good results. Poorly balanced absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the special transitional period of the CSF dynamics may be thought to be a pathogenetic factor.

Cerebral Cortex↗

Effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate on left ventricular performance during exercise in patients with myocardial infarction.

In order to investigate left ventricular performance during exercise in patients with myocardial infarction and evaluate the effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on left ventricular performance, we performed a symptom-limited multigraded exercise test using a bicycle ergometer in supine position. Thirty-seven patients with myocardial infarction were evaluated in order to clarify the hemodynamic responses to exercise with and without sublingual ISDN. Patients were subdivided into 3 groups according to the level of pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP) and cardiac index (CI) at peak exercise as follows: Group I (14 patients); PCP less than 18 mmHg, CI greater than or equal to 5.0 or CI less than 5.0 L/min/m2, Group II (11 patients); PCP greater than or equal to 18 mmHg, CI greater than or equal to 5.0 L/min/m2, Group III (12 patients); PCP greater than or equal to 18 mmHg, CI less than 5.0 L/min/m2. Exercise capacity without ISDN (control study) was correlated with left ventricular performance during exercise. Although left ventricular performance in patients who complained of dyspnea or chest pain at peak exercise was worse than those who complained of leg fatigue, we could not predict hemodynamics during exercise from the level of hemodynamic parameters at rest in each patient. Determinant factors of left ventricular performance during exercise were age, previous history of myocardial infarction, the severity of coronary artery lesion and the extent of left ventricular wall motion abnormality which was estimated by left ventriculogram as an index of infarct size. After sublingual ISDN (ISDN study), exercise capacity was improved. No patient terminated exercise because of chest pain and only one did because of dyspnea.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

Immediate prognosis in acute myocardial infarction: serial changes in immediate mortality rate and cause of death.

In order to evaluate the effect of coronary care on the immediate mortality rate of acute myocardial infarction and to clarify the problems in coronary care, we attempted to investigate the immediate mortality rate and causes of deaths in 492 patients with acute myocardial infarction who had admitted to the hospital within 24 hours after the onset of infarct from January, 1972 to December, 1981. Three hundred and seventy-nine were men and 113 were women, and their mean age was 61.8 years ranging from 28 to 91 years. One hundred and twenty-seven patients had a previous history of myocardial infarction and 365 patients had none. One hundred and ninety patients of these 365 patients without a previous infarction had anterior infarction, 152 patients inferior infarction and 23 patients subendocardial infarction. All patients were subdivided into four stages according to the time of the onset of infarct: Stage 1 (29 patients); 1972-1975, Stage 2 (101 patients); 1976-1977, Stage 3 (148 patients); 1978-1979 and Stage 4 (214 patients); 1980-1981. No significant differences in age, sex and infarct site among the four periods were found. Time interval between the onset of infarct and admission shortened serially and the ratio of reinfarction to initial infarction increased. Immediate mortality rate (within four weeks after the onset of infarct) was 20.5% in all patients. Immediate mortality rate in Stage 1 was 24.1%, 26.7% in Stage 2, 23.0% in Stage 3 and 15.4% in Stage 4, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

Nicorandil releases acetylcholine-induced sustained coronary arterial constriction in monkeys and baboons.

The spasmolytic action of nicorandil on coronary circulation was investigated in 3 Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), 1 rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and 1 anubis baboon (Papio anubis) anesthetized with pentobarbital. The arterial bed of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was perfused with autologous arterial blood at a constant pressure close to systolic arterial blood pressure. Single injections of nicorandil (10-300 micrograms) into the LAD produced a dose-dependent increase in blood flow without affecting either systemic arterial blood pressure or heart rate. With continuous infusion of acetylcholine into the LAD, the LAD flow decreased to nearly half the basal level, indicating sustained coronary arterial constriction. Under these conditions intra-LAD nicorandil increased the LAD flow virtually to the same extent as before acetylcholine-infusion. These effects of nicorandil resemble those of the Ca++-antagonists, diltiazem and nifedipine, but differ from those of nitroglycerin, which is less effective during sustained coronary arterial constriction. The results imply that nicorandil may be as effective as Ca++-antagonists in the treatment of vasospastic angina.

Acetylcholine↗

Improvement of cardiac performance by AR-L 115 BS, a new cardiotonic drug, in the experimental failing dog heart.

The cardiotonic effect of AR-L 115 BS was assessed in 5 dog heart-lung preparations in which cardiac function had been severely depressed by pentobarbital. AR-L 115 BS in doses of 1-60 mg improved cardiac function in a dose-dependent manner and at 30 and 60 mg improved it beyond control values. These doses of AR-L 115 BS, however, produced neither a significant increase in heart rate nor arrhythmias. The results indicate that the drug would be of use in the treatment of heart failure.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗

Comparison of the cardiovascular and biochemical profiles of a new positive inotropic drug, AR-L 115 BS, with those of theophylline.

Cardiac and coronary vasodilator effects of AR-L 115 BS and theophylline were compared in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle, sino-atrial (SA) node, and atrioventricular (AV) node preparations of dogs. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of both drugs on crude cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) prepared from the dog heart ventricle were examined. In the blood-perfused dog-heart preparations, AR-L 115 BS (3 micrograms-1 mg) and theophylline (3 micrograms-1 mg) were injected intra-arterially. Both drugs increased sinus rate and force of contraction and rate of automaticity of the papillary muscle, and decreased AV nodal conduction time in the respective preparations. The 2 drugs both increased blood flow. However, AR-L 115 BS was far more selective for inotropy than for chronotropy as compared with theophylline. AR-L 115 BS was also more selective for inotropy than for coronary blood flow as compared with theophylline, whereas the latter had the opposite selectivity. Both drugs were less effective on ventricular automaticity. Both drugs (0.3-3 mM) inhibited PDE activity; however, AR-L 115 BS was less effective than theophylline in this respect, although the former was about 3 times as potent as the latter in producing a positive inotropic effect. The present results suggest that unknown mechanisms other than PDE-inhibition greatly contribute to the positive inotropic effect of AR-L 115 BS.

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases↗

Increase of beta-endorphin levels in cerebrospinal fluid but not in plasma in patients with cerebral infarction.

beta-Endorphin was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma in patients with cerebral infarction at acute (4 to 48 hours) and chronic (1 month) stages. Only CSF samples obtained in the acute stage showed beta-endorphin values that were statistically higher than those measured in a control population. This finding suggests that infarction at its acute stage gives rise to an increased release of beta-endorphin. Such a mechanism is consistent with the possibility that the reported therapeutic effect of naloxone in cerebral ischemic lesions may result in part from the antagonism of the centrally released endorphin, beta-endorphin.

Adult↗

[An evaluation of radioactive colloid for measuring the volume of effective liver].

A methods for liver scintigraphy for finding the effective liver volume were developed. Matrix ROI (region of interest) was set on the anterior liver scintigram with 99mTc tin colloid and 198Au colloid, respectively. The various depths of liver under matrix ROI were calculated from the count rate noting the absorption coefficient. The effective liver volume was the sum total of the areas of matrix ROI to the various depths. In order to check the accuracy of this method, the effective liver volume was calculated using the liver phantom and the patient's liver scintigraphy. The volume obtained for the liver phantom was nearly equal to the real volume. The liver volume in 19 patients using 99mTc tin colloid and 198Au colloid showed good correlation with the volume as measured by computed tomography (CT) scan (r = 0.841, r = 0.749).

Aged↗

[Low level alpha activity measurements with pulse shape discrimination--the analytical system and its characteristics].

Pulse shape discrimination of alpha and beta rays with liquid scintillation counting was investigated for the purpose of low level alpha activity measurements. Various liquid scintillators for pulse shape discrimination were examined by means of pulse rise time analysis. A new scintillator of low cost and of superior characteristics was found. The figure of merits better than 3.5 in rise time spectrum and the energy resolution better than 9% were obtained for carefully prepared samples. The background counting rate for a sample of 10 ml was reduced to 0.013 cpm/MeV in the range of alpha ray energy 5 to 7 MeV.

Alpha Particles↗

[Low level alpha activity measurements with pulse shape discrimination--application to the determination of alpha-nuclides in environmental samples].

Liquid scintillation counting of alpha rays with pulse shape discrimination was applied to the analysis of 226Ra and 239+240Pu in environmental samples and of alpha-emitters in/on a filter paper. The instrument used in this study was either a specially designed detector or a commercial liquid scintillation counter with an automatic sample changer, both of which were connected to the pulse shape discrimination circuit. The background counting rate in alpha energy region of 5-7 MeV was 0.01 or 0.04 cpm/MeV, respectively. The figure of merit indicating the resolving power for alpha- and beta-particles in time spectrum was found to be 5.7 for the commercial liquid scintillation counter.

Alpha Particles↗

Mode and mechanism of action of 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quinolinone (OPC-8212), a novel positive inotropic drug, on the dog heart.

Mode and mechanism of action of 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- qu inolinone ( OPC -8212) were investigated exclusively on dogs both in vivo and in vitro. When assessed by intra-arterial administration in isolated, blood-perfused papillary muscle, sinoatrial node and atrioventricular (AV) node preparations, OPC -8212 produced a positive inotropic effect scarcely causing either positive or negative chronotropic and coronary vasodilator effects. AV nodal conduction was slightly facilitated with OPC -8212, whereas ventricular automaticity was rather suppressed. No arrhythmias were produced. Thus, OPC -8212 is highly specific for force. In heart-lung preparations OPC -8212 improved cardiac function depressed with pentobarbital, and caused bradycardia. In trabecular muscles of the right ventricle (hereafter simply called ventricular muscles) OPC -8212 produced a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect in the presence of the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, atenolol. This indicates that the positive inotropic effect of OPC -8212 is not mediated through a beta-adrenoceptor mechanism. In ventricular muscles OPC -8212 increased plateau potentials of normal action potentials in the presence of atenolol. In K+-depolarized ventricular muscles OPC -8212 increased overshoot potentials and durations of slow response action potentials in the presence of atenolol. These suggest an increase in the slow inward current to underlie the positive inotropic effect of OPC -8212. In ventricular muscles OPC -8212 shortened total duration of contraction and time to peak tension in the presence of atenolol. In ventricular muscles OPC -8212 increased force of contraction and intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP in a parallel way in time course in the presence of atenolol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

[Differential diagnosis of pleural effusions].

Pleural effusion is an important and common clinical finding. Pleural effusions can be readily obtained for analysis, and the examination of the cells therein is considered to be one of the most important diagnostic tools available for differentiating between malignant and non-malignant effusions. The present study was undertaken to test the diagnostic value of the determination of CEA in pleural fluid for a variety of diseases. Sixteen patients with pleural effusions were studied. Seven patients had carcinoma of the cervix, 7 of the ovary and 2 of the corpus. The positive rate of malignant cells was 81%. Among malignant effusions, only 44% of patients showed a CEA value above 10 mg/ml. This investigation suggests that cytological examination of pleural fluid is of considerable clinical significance for diagnosing the nature of pleural effusions, and effusion fluid CEA assay may provide a useful adjunct in the evaluation of effusion fluids for malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗