Biomedical subjects

K Ono

Publications and source records attributed to K Ono.

At least 685 records · Page 38Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Results of 29-year study of hoya (sea-squirt) asthma in Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima prefecture].

As remarkable improvements have been made to the working environment and working methods of oyster shucking workers during the past 30 years, a study was made on the effects of these improvements on hoya (sea-squirt) asthma and the following results were obtained. 1) The prevalence of hoya (sea-squirt) asthma among oyster shucking workers was 36.0%, 30.1%, 21.7%, 22.0%, 18.0%, and 26.6% in 1963, 1968, 1976, 1984, 1988, and 1992, respectively. Accompanying the improvements made to the working environment and working methods, asthmatic symptoms failed to develop in some of the patients through engaged in oyster shucking work. Thus, those with symptoms actually accounted for 36.0%, 18.7%, 15/8%, 7.4%, 8.4%, and 8.0% of the workers, respectively. 2) The proportion of serious cases among the patients rapidly decreased from 29.2% in 1963 to 0% after 1984. On the other hand the proportion of slight cases was 35.4% in 1963, but after 1988 all the cases were slight cases. 3) During the period from 1984 to 1992, the number of those newly engaged in oyster shucking work was 74. The number of those who developed hoya (sea-squirt) asthma during this period was 8 or 10.1%. All the cases were asthma of the rhinitis type. 4) The number of workers who did not develop asthmatic symptoms though engaged in oyster shucking work was 53 in 1984, 40 in 1988, and 49 in 1992. Of this number, 31% are now under hyposensitization therapy, 57.0% have received this therapy in the past, and 12.0% have not received any therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Urine glycosaminoglycans and heparan sulfate excretions in adult patients with glomerular diseases.

We measured the concentrations of urine glycosaminoglycans (GAG) by the modified dimethylmethylene blue method and the concentration of urine heparan sulfate (HS) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in patients with various glomerular diseases. The GAG/creatinine(Crea) ratios in patients with IgA nephropathy (mean +/- SD, 0.31 +/- 0.056) and membranous nephropathy (0.41 +/- 0.115) were significantly greater than in healthy controls (0.18 +/- 0.045). Urine GAG/Crea ratios in minimal change nephrotic patients increased during remission (0.38 +/- 0.102) and decreased to normal values during the nephrotic stage (0.25 +/- 0.088). In contrast, urine HS/Crea ratios in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome decreased during remission (0.0069 +/- 0.0029) and increased markedly during the nephrotic period (0.047 +/- 0.0007 versus controls 0.0158 +/- 0.0046). Serial measurement in three minimal change nephrotic patients showed the similar change for the HS/Crea ratio and urine albumin excretion in the course of steroid therapy. The loss of HS from the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) may therefore be related to the pathogenesis of increased albumin excretion and measurement of urine HS excretion may be helpful for studying metabolism in renal disease, especially in patients with minimal change lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Optimal glucose dose in the preoperative fluid infusion].

We have measured blood concentrations of glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHBA), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and lactate before and after glucose administration in 105 patients to determine the optimal glucose dose during the period of preoperative fasting state. The patients, scheduled for laparotomy in the afternoon, received fluid infusion containing an arbitrary glucose dose for 4 hours prior to surgery. The glucose dose showed a negative correlation with the ratio of 3-OHBA or NEFA prior to and after glucose administration (r = 0.40, r = 0.41 respectively, P < 0.05). There was no correlation between lactate ratio and glucose dose (r = 0.06). Glucose administration more than 0.4 g.kg-1 significantly suppressed 3-OHBA production (P < 0.05). Hyperglycemia (> 200 mg.dl-1) developed more often in the groups given 0.5 g.kg-1 or more glucose (P < 0.05), while significant hypoglycemia (< 60 mg.dl-1) occurred in the groups given less than 0.2 g.kg-1 of glucose (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates that preoperative infusion of glucose 0.4-0.5 g.kg-1 is useful to maintain the energy metabolism during the fasting state in patients scheduled for operation in the afternoon.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Anesthesia for a patient with red cell aldolase deficiency].

Aldolase deficiency of red blood cell is a rare cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia and now there exists only three patients in the world. We had a 24-year-old man operated on for gallbladder stone secondary to this uncommon disease. He underwent a cholecystectomy under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural block, using isoflurane, fentanyl, vecuronium, midazolam and lidocaine. During the surgery serum concentrations of bilirubin, free hemoglobin and LDH showed no change, suggesting a lower incidence of drug-induced hemolysis in the case of aldolase deficiency than in other enzyme deficiency. This fact also provides a useful guide to the choice of anesthetics and related agents. In the postoperative period, however, we found a hemolytic response to fever with a drop in hemoglobin level to 2.5 g.dl-1. Aldolase activity of his red cell is heat labile and an increase in body temperature may aggravate a disturbance in the glycolytic pathway leading to hemolytic crisis. It is thus important to prevent the body temperature from rising when a patient is suffering from hemolytic anemia due to red cell aldolase deficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Albumin and fibronectin dynamics in an experimental adult respiratory distress syndrome model].

We produced an experimental adult respiratory distress syndrome model by intravenous administration of oleic acid (OA) in 30 dogs (Group I: 10 normal dogs; Group II: 10 dogs with 0.02 ml/kg of OA; Group III: 10 dogs with 0.04 ml/kg of OA; Group IV: 10 dogs with 0.08 ml/kg of OA). Changes in albumin (AL) and fibronectin (FN) in serum and BALF of these dogs were examined. The following results were obtained: 1) Serum values of AL and FN were significantly decreased after OA injection as compared with the baseline values. These changes were not correlated with the severity of pulmonary edema. 2) BALF values of AL and FN were significantly increased after OA injection as compared with the baseline values. Significant linear correlations were found between the BALF value of AL and ELWV, and between BALF value of AL and delta ELWV, [r = -0.682, 0.573 (p < 0.01)]. Significant linear correlations were also found between the BALF value of FN and ELWV, and the BALF value of FN and delta ELWV, [r = 0.722, 0.650 (p < 0.01)]. BALF value of AL increased significantly even with the low OA dose (0.02 ml/kg). Thus in comparison with BALF value of AL after OA injection, BALF value of FN was significantly higher than that in the normal group even when pulmonary edema were severe (Groups III and IV). We concluded that we could estimate the severity of pulmonary edema by measuring BALF value of AL and FN simultaneously.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Femoral neck fracture. Factors related to ambulation and prognosis.

A total of 427 elderly patients with femoral neck fractures were studied retrospectively to identify factors that may be correlated with life expectancy and functional prognosis. Gender, age, prefracture activities of daily living (ADL), electrocardiogram ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), cognitive function, hemoglobin level, total protein level, and type of fracture were evaluated to determine the correlation of each predictive factor with survival time after surgery and three-month postoperative walking recovery rate. The one-year survival rate was found to be 55.9%: 59.1% for women and 52.3% for men. The walking recovery rate was 55.8%. The most important factors affecting life expectancy were prefracture ADL, ECG, EEG, and cognitive function score (Hasegawa's score). Electroencephalogram and Hasegawa's score also were found to be important prognostic factors for postoperative ADL. Preoperative medical conditions are useful indicators for determination of functional prognosis and survival.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of a bone-inducing protein from a murine osteosarcoma (Dunn type).

A protein fraction capable of eliciting cartilage or bone formation in vivo was purified more than 100,000-fold from a murine osteosarcoma (Dunn type). Intramuscular implantation of as little as 20 ng of the purified protein with 2 mg of pure skin collagen consistently induced ectopic new bone formation. The apparent molecular size of the purified protein was 32 kd on sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On reduction, the 32-kd protein split into subunits with the same partial amino acid sequences, and these partial sequences were identical to those of human bone morphogenetic protein-2B (BMP-4) which is assumed to be a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Histochemical study of the lumbar colonic nerve supply to the internal anal sphincter and its physiological role in dogs.

The sympathetic innervation of the internal and sphincter (IAS) and its physiological role in maintaining sphincter tone were histochemically and mechanically studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Numerous catecholamine-fluorescent nerve fibers with varicosities were identified in the IAS of normal dogs. Such fibers were markedly reduced at one week and one month after resection of the hypogastric nerves (HGNs) or the lumbar colonic nerve (LCN), and disappeared after combined HGN and LCN resection. IAS tone decreased to 37.2% of baseline at 1 h after LCN resection and to 69.9% after HGN resection. It returned to the preoperative level at one week and one month after resection. The restored IAS tone was decreased again by acute transection of the previously intact HGNs or LCN. Combined LCN and HGN resection also caused a marked reduction of IAS tone (36.9%) at 1 h after the procedure, and was then restored to the preoperative level with time. The restored tone was not decreased by phentolamine administration. These findings confirmed that both the LCN and the HGN innervate the IAS and play a physiological role in the development of resting tone. The restoration of IAS tone after denervation may be due to intrinsic myogenic properties of the sphincter.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMed1992

Magnocellular neurosecretory neurons with ferritin-like immunoreactivity in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the rat.

Immunohistochemistry for rat liver ferritin (FRT) revealed an intensive labeling in some structures of the rat brain. In the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) hypothalamic nuclei, almost all neurosecretory neurons with vasopressin (AVP)-like immunoreactivity were immunostained with FRT. After water deprivation, a marked enlargement of cell body and an immunoreactivity to transferrin receptors were found in AVP-, FRT- and double (AVP+FRT)-labeled neurons in the SON and PVN.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Additional binding sites for the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase but not for protein X in the assembled core of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: binding region for the kinase.

A standard resolution of the bovine kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase complex yields a subcomplex composed of approximately 60 dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (E2) subunits, approximately 6 protein X subunits, and approximately 2 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase heterodimers (KcKb). Using a preparation of resolved kinase in which Kc much greater than Kb, E2-X-KcKb subcomplex additionally bound at least 15 catalytic subunits of the kinase (Kc) and a much lower level of Kb. The binding of Kc to E2 greatly enhanced kinase activity even at high levels of bound kinase. Free protein X, functional in binding the E3 component, did not bind to E2-X-KcKb subcomplex. This pattern of binding Kc but not protein X was unchanged either with a preparation of E2 oligomer greatly reduced in protein X or with subcomplex from which the lipoyl domain of protein X was selectively removed. The bound inner domain of protein X associated with the latter subcomplex did not exchange with free protein X. These data support the conclusion that E2 subunits bind the Kc subunit of the kinase and suggest that the binding of the inner domain of protein X to the inner domain of the transacetylase occurs during the assembly of the oligomeric core. Selective release of a fragment of E2 subunits that contain the lipoyl domains (E2L fragment) releases the kinase (M. Rahmatullah et al., 1990, J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14,512-14,517). Sucrose gradient centrifugation yielded an E2L-kinase fraction with an increased ratio of the kinase to E2L fragment. A monoclonal antibody specific for E2L was attached to a gel matrix. Binding of E2L fragment also led to specific binding of the kinase. Extensive washing did not reduce the level of bound kinase. Thus, the kinase is tightly bound by the lipoyl domain region of E2.

Acetyltransferases↗

PubMed1992

Collagen gene expression during chondrogenesis from chick periosteum-derived cells.

Chick periosteum-derived cells, which do not enter the chondrogenic cell lineage during normal bone development and growth, exhibit chondrogenic potential in high cell density culture conditions. In such cultures, collagen gene expression was temporally analyzed at the mRNA level by a reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) procedure, which showed that alpha 1(II) and alpha 1(IX) collagen mRNAs are coordinately increased, coincident with the onset of overt chondrogenesis, and subsequently decreased as chondrocytes exhibited hypertrophic characteristics. alpha 1(X) collagen mRNA was detected well before the onset of chondrogenesis and markedly increased along with the hypertrophic change. For alpha 2(I) collagen, both the bone/tendon form and the cartilage form of mRNA were detected throughout the culture period. This culture system provides an experimental vehicle capable of investigating the molecular events involved in the full range of chondrogenic differentiation starting from uncommitted periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Site-specific DNA cleavage by mammalian DNA topoisomerase II induced by novel flavone and catechin derivatives.

Four naturally occurring flavones (baicalein, quercetin, quercetagetin and myricetin) and two novel catechins [(-)-epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, from the tea plant Camellia sinensis], which are known inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, were shown to induce mammalian topoisomerase II-dependent DNA-cleavage in vitro. The flavones differed from the catechins in causing unwinding of duplex DNA, but both classes of compound induced enzymic DNA breakage at the same sites on DNA. Moreover, the cleavage specificity was the same as that for the known intercalator 4'-(acridin-9-ylamino)methanesulphon-m-anisidide, suggesting that these agents trap the same cleavable complex. Analysis of some 30 flavonoid compounds allowed elucidation of the structure-function relationships for topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage. For flavonoid inhibitors an unsaturated double bond between positions 2 and 3 of the pyrone ring and hydroxy groups at the 5, 7, 3' and 4' positions favoured efficient cleavage. Hydroxy substitutions could be tolerated at the 3, 6 and 5' positions. Indeed, the absence of substituents at the 3', 4' and 5' positions could be compensated by a hydroxy group at position 6 (baicalein). Similar requirements have been reported for flavonoid inhibitors of protein kinase C that act competitively with ATP, suggesting interaction with a conserved protein feature. Formation of the cleavable complex is a cytotoxic lesion that may contribute to the growth-inhibitory properties of flavones observed for three human tumour cell lines. These results are discussed in regard to the selectivity of antiviral agents.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Abnormal expression of embryonic neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in the developing mouse cerebellum after neonatal administration of cytosine arabinoside.

We have previously found that neonatal administration of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) induces cerebellar malformation, including arrest of granule cell migration and destruction of glial palisade. In the present study, the expression of neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and its distribution were examined in the mouse malformed cerebellum induced by neonatal Ara-C administration. Western blot analysis demonstrated that, in the control group, the embryonic form of N-CAM (E-N-CAM) was expressed in the 7-day-old mouse (P7) cerebellum, but not in the P14 cerebellum which exhibited only the adult form of N-CAM (A-N-CAM). On the other hand, E-N-CAM was expressed in the Ara-C treated cerebellum not only at P7 but also at P14. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that E-N-CAM was observed in the area below the external granular layer (EGL) of the P7 cerebellum in both the control and Ara-C treated mice. In contrast, E-N-CAM immunoreactivity was found in the arrested EGL cells in the Ara-C treated cerebellum of P14 mice but not in the age-matched controls. Therefore, E-N-CAM was aberrantly expressed in the arrested EGL at P14. From the present and previous findings, it was speculated that the aberrant expression of E-N-CAM in the arrested EGL cells is attributed to abnormal cellular interactions, probably arrested EGL cell-to-Bergmann glia.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Bone marrow changes in adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity and abnormal myelopoiesis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of bone marrow in arthritis. METHODS: Bone marrow changes over time were investigated in rats with adjuvant-induced and collagen-induced arthritis, using bioassay techniques and histologic analysis. RESULTS: In both animal models, bone marrow interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 activity began to rise before the onset of arthritis and increased in relation to the progression of arthritis. Enhanced myelopoiesis in the bone marrow was noted in conjunction with the increased cytokine activity. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow changes such as those demonstrated in this study may be common to various models of induced arthritis and may have an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Bone mineral density in the proximal femur and hip fracture type in the elderly.

Bone mineral density (BMD) in the contralateral proximal femur in 100 female elderly patients with hip fracture and the 35 controls without hip fracture were investigated using dual-photon absorptiometry. The hip fracture patients were divided into intracapsular fracture (n = 53) and extracapsular fracture (n = 47) groups, and these two groups were further divided into five subgroups according to fracture site: intracapsular fracture type 1 (transcervical fracture, n = 29) and type 2 (subcapital fracture, n = 24); extracapsular fracture type 1 (intertrochanteric line fracture, n = 13), type 2 (pertrochanteric fracture, n = 28), and type 3 (combined type of pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fracture, n = 6). The intracapsular fracture group showed BMD values similar to those of controls; the extracapsular fracture group showed significantly lower BMD values than controls. When these two were subclassified into five subgroups, different results were seen in terms of BMD value in the proximal femur and fracture types; intracapsular fracture type 1 showed BMD values equivalent to those of controls; on the other hand, type 2 showed significantly lower BMD value than controls, and the BMD distribution in the proximal femur among the extracapsular fracture subgroups 1-3 differed, although all of them showed significantly lower BMD values than controls. The degree of trauma causing the fractures was also assessed according to available anamnestic data, but no significant difference was found in trauma tendency between the intra- and the extracapsular fracture group or among the subgroups in each group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1992

Slow release of anticancer drugs from porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic.

We have developed a new delivery system for sustained release of an anticancer drug (cis-platinum) by enclosure into blocks of porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic. The slow release of this drug from this system was confirmed in in vitro experiments. When this system was implanted into normal back muscle, or the tibia, sustained release of cis-platinum was observed during a 12-week period after implantation. The diffusion rate of cis-platinum into blood and other organs (liver, kidney, brain) was less than 10% of that at the implanted site. This delivery system placed into experimental tumors of mice also showed a uniform release of anticancer drug for more than 3 months. Inhibition of tumor growth was more marked after local implantation of this system than after intraperitoneal administration of cis-platinum. These results indicate that this new approach to a drug delivery system may well have an important role in cancer chemotherapy. In bone tumors it is attractive because the mechanical strength of calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic permits partial surgical excision and replacement of the bone defect at the same time.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Bethanechol and a G-protein activator, NaF/AlCl3, induce secretory response in Paneth cells of mouse intestine.

Paneth cells located at the bottom of intestinal crypts may play a role in controlling the bacterial milieu of the intestine. Using morphometry to clarify the secretory mechanism of the Paneth cells, we studied the ultrastructural changes in mouse Paneth cells produced following intra-arterial perfusion with Hanks' balanced salt solution containing a cholinergic muscarinic secretagogue (bethanechol), a neuroblocking agent (tetrodotoxin), or a G-protein activator (NAF/AlCl3). Bethanechol (2 x 10(-4) mol/l) induced Paneth-cell secretion. Many Paneth cells massively exocytosed their secretory material into the crypt lumen; the enhanced secretion caused degranulation and vacuole formation. However, tetrodotoxin (2 x 10(-6) mol/l) did not prevent the bethanechol-enhanced secretion by the Paneth cells. NaF (1 x 10(-2) mol/l) and AlCl3 (1 x 10(-5) mol/l) induced massive exocytosis of the Paneth cells; the exocytotic figures were similar to those observed in mice stimulated by bethanechol. G-protein activation was followed by a sequence of intracellular events, resulting in exocytosis.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1992

Alumina ceramic prostheses for bone tumor surgery.

Between 1979 and 1990 reconstruction using a ceramic prosthesis with a polycrystal alumina segment and a monocrystal alumina stem was carried out in 65 patients after the resection of malignant or benign aggressive bone tumors. Resection of 18 osteosarcomas, 5 chondrosarcomas, 9 other sarcomas, 10 giant cell tumors, 20 metastatic bone tumors, and 3 other bone tumors was followed by replacement of 17 proximal femurs, 12 distal femurs, 12 proximal tibia, 11 proximal humeri, 3 distal radii, 5 midshafts of the long bone, 2 pelvises, and 3 other parts. Results were rated excellent in 4 cases, good in 43, fair in 13, and poor in 4. In the cases with benignly aggressive or low-grade malignant tumors and those with tumors of the proximal femur, proximal tibia, or midshaft, satisfactory results can be obtained. Four skin ulcers, three dislocations, three loosenings, two infections, and two breaks were noted. Close interfacing between the ceramic prosthesis and the bone was observed radiologically in all cases with cementless fixation except in cases with high-grade malignancies in the knee joint. These results demonstrate that the ceramic prosthesis can be beneficial for the management of patients with benignly aggressive or low-grade malignant bone tumors who have retained adequate muscle strength around the joint even after tumor resection.

Adolescent↗