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Biomedical subjects

K Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohmori.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Synthesis and biological properties of substituted 1,4-dihydro-5-methyl-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids.

A series of substituted 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-5-methyl-4-oxo-3-quinoline carboxylic acids was synthesized and tested for their in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. The introduction of a methyl group at the 5-position of quinoline nucleus enhanced characteristically the antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a major pathogen in the respiratory tract infection, while retaining Gram-negative activity. Among them, 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxyli c acid hydrochloride (grepafloxacin) exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and high in vivo efficacy on the experimental systemic infections caused by the Gram-positive and -negative bacteria tested. It also showed a high distribution to the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in comparison to reference drugs and is now undergoing clinical evaluation.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1995

Simultaneous carboplatin and radiotherapy for all stages of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The study investigated the toxicity and efficiency of the concomitant administration of radiotherapy and carboplatin to patients with head and neck carcinomas. Sixty-three patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, other than nasopharyngeal cancer and Stage I (UICC) laryngeal cancers, were treated by external radiotherapy and four courses of carboplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 per week. In two patients, only three courses were possible due to renal toxicity. In the other 61 patients, toxicities were self-limiting and no patient required interruption of carboplatin administration. No patient required discontinuation of radiotherapy because of acute toxicity. Of 61 evaluable patients, a complete response (CR) was obtained in 11.5% and a partial response (PR) in 60.7% at 40 Gy. In 41 patients treated to 65 Gy (including two patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma, who were treated by debulking surgery), CR was obtained in 76.9% and CR+PR was 100% at the end of treatment. The actuarial survival rate of the 63 patients at 2 years was 69.2%, with a median follow-up period of 24.4 months. One of 12 patients who received salvage surgery after radical radiotherapy has died due to poor wound healing after the surgery. The schedule was safe, providing a weekly check of serum samples was possible. It is likely that the rate of local control and vocal cord preservation in laryngeal tumours might improve if concurrent carboplatin is used. Careful follow-up is required to determine the long-term effect of concomitant carboplatin administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Functioning free muscle transplantation to the lower leg.

Many authors have reported on transplantation of functioning free muscle to the upper extremities, but few reports are available on functioning free muscle transfers to the lower extremities, where injuries have hitherto been treated mainly with tendon transfers. However, under suitable conditions, better results can be obtained using a functioning free musculocutaneous flap transfer to treat extensor muscle loss in the lower leg. The authors reconstructed the anterior extensors in two patients suffering from lower-leg necrosis. Ankle-joint active dorsiflexion was restored, and dorsiflexion in the ankle joint of about 0 degree was achieved; however, recovery of ankle-joint range of motion was limited by contracture of the ankle joint, due to associated injury, even when the strength and excursion of the grafted muscle were sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Harvest of sural nerve grafts using the endoscope.

Endoscopic surgical techniques were employed in 5 patients to harvest the sural nerve atraumatically with a minimal number of skin incisions. The medial sural nerve was harvested by two 2-cm-wide transverse incisions made under endoscopic-magnified visualization, which allowed the surgeon to see the detailed structure of the nerve and surrounding tissue. This method requires minimal traction of the nerve during nerve dissection, and postoperative pain and swelling were less than encountered with conventional methods, because the method we have employed is less invasive and atraumatic.

Endoscopy↗
PubMed1995

Endoscope-assisted rib cartilage harvesting.

The seventh and eighth costal cartilages were harvested through a small 1.5 to 2 cm skin incision made in the midinframammary fold in female patients and the inferior border of the seventh coastal cartilage in male patients using an endoscope (total, 5 patients). The lateral half of the costal cartilage is dissected subperichondrially under direct visualization through the access incision, and the residual half is dissected subperichondrially using an endoscope. The advantages of using an endoscope to harvest costal cartilage include a better remote access incision site and a reduced risk of perforations of the pleura and bleeding through endoscopically-magnified visualization. This technique is particularly useful when the patient is a woman.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Johanson-Blizzard syndrome facial anomaly and its correction using a microsurgical bone graft and tripartite osteotomy.

The facial anomaly of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome and its correction are described. The facial anomaly was characterized by cleft-like bony defects located in the inferomedial portion of the orbit apart from the hypoplastic maxilla and the absence of nasal alae. Correction of the facial skeleton was performed using a free vascularized iliac bone graft and tripartite osteotomy to correct the shape of the orbit and elongate the severely hypoplastic maxilla. Those procedures were effective to a certain degree in correcting the facial anomaly of Johanson-Blizzard syndrome.

Bone Lengthening↗
PubMed1995

Endoscopic nasofrontal disjunction.

Disjunction of the nasofrontal junction was performed under endoscopic control in three patients who underwent a monoblock nasal framework osteotomy and two patients who underwent a modified Le Fort type II osteotomy through a small midscalp incision, a stub wound at the root of the nose, and an intercartilaginous incision. A bilateral intercartilaginous incision and nasal root stub wound were used in one case. An osteotomy of the nasal root was performed using a specially designed detachable osteotomy consisting of a thin staff and large handle. The end of the staff was inserted through the access incision and pulled through a stub wound created in the nasal root. The staff was then attached to the handle, and the osteotomy was performed under endoscopic control. This approach minimizes the surgical scar, the area of the subperiosteal dissection, and postoperative swelling of the face, in comparison with the coronal approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Approaching the zygoma with an endoscope.

A hemicoronal or coronal incision is required in combination with a buccal incision to expose the zygoma, including zygomatic process of the temporal bone, and lateral orbital rim under direct visualization. An endoscope was used to expose zygoma in selected cases to reduce the length of the incision. The zygomatic bone and arch were exposed and corrected using an endoscope in eight cases of zygomatic fracture and one case of zygomatic reduction through a small incision just behind the temporal hairline together with a buccal incision. The results obtained were satisfactory with no complications. Clear, magnified endoscopic visualization made it possible to correct some deformities located in this area without using a coronal incision. Endoscopic procedures result not only in dramatically less postoperative scarring because of the small access incisions, but they also cause less damage to vascular and lymphatic circulation and, therefore, are associated with less postoperative edema. However, the fixation of the zygomatic arch using the percutaneous method with an endoscope is a complicated procedure that requires more time than conventional procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Retroauricular hairline flap transfer to the face.

For facial skin defects including the hair-bearing area of preauricle-sideburn, lateral forehead-temporal hairline, and upper eyelid-eyebrow region, the transfer of a hairline flap that incorporates a skin flap is one option available for creating a natural hairline. An island or free retroauricular hairline flap (retroauricular skin flap including retroauricular hairline) based on the superficial temporal vessels or posterior auricular vessels was used to reconstruct facial skin defects including hair-bearing areas in seven patients. All flaps "took" perfectly, and aesthetically satisfactory results were achieved with minimal donor-site morbidity. However, flap vessels must be selected with great care during the surgical procedure because of the anatomic variation found among patients in the positions of the superficial temporal and posterior auricular vessels.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Versatility of a microsurgical free-tissue transfer from the forearm in treating the difficult nose.

Ten selected patients with nasal defects in the covering, lining, or framework were treated by a vascularized free-tissue transfer from the forearm. A vascularized skin flap, fascia, and split radius were transferred in accordance with the shape of the defects. All flaps "took" perfectly, and satisfactory results were obtained. The grafted bones were stable over a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 6 years; however, some problems did arise in the course of treatment, including poor matches between the flap and surrounding facial skin, postoperative drooping of the flap used in the lining, and conspicuous donor sites. However, despite these drawbacks, microvascular free-tissue transfer from the forearm has proven to be a good choice for the restoration of a nose that is difficult to reconstruct by more conventional methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Tumor cell attachment to laminin promotes degradation of the extracellular matrix and cell migration in high-metastatic clone cells of RCT sarcoma in vitro.

We investigated the roles of extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and fibronectin, in promoting invasiveness through the extracellular matrix in high-metastatic [RCT(+)] clone cells established from poorly differentiated murine RCT sarcoma in C3H/He mice. Laminin stimulated the type IV collagenolytic activity of RCT(+) cells. After more than 6 h of incubation, the type IV collagenolysis of the cell-conditioned medium was significantly higher in laminin-treated groups compared with the control. The migration activity of RCT(+) cells was stimulated by laminin. However, fibronectin did not influence the type IV collagenolysis or cell migration in this clone cell. The amino acid sequence YIGSR, which is derived from laminin, inhibited the laminin-mediated cell attachment and the laminin-promoted type IV collagenolysis, as well as cell migration of RCT(+) cells. RGD derived from fibronectin did not influence the cell attachment to laminin or Matrigel in this clone. In the invasion assay employing a Matrigel coated filter in a Boyden chamber, YIGSR showed greater inhibition of invasion through the Matrigel than did RGD with RCT(+) cells. YIGSR might inhibit the promoted-matrix degradation and cell migration in response to the cell attachment to laminin by competing with laminin for binding to cell surface laminin receptor. We suggest that laminin-mediated cell attachment to the extracellular matrix may play a role in promoting the matrix degradation and cell migration during metastatic cascades.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

Effect of oxatomide nasal spray on experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs and rats.

We investigated the effect of topically applied oxatomide, an antiallergic agent, on the assault of allergic rhinitis in actively sensitized guinea pigs. Topical application of oxatomide nasal spray (0.025%) reduced the severity of allergic rhinitis which was assessed by determining dye leakage and histamine released to the nasal cavity of guinea pigs. Furthermore, oxatomide nasal spray treatment significantly prevented the increase in dye leakage induced by histamine administration in guinea pigs and rats. These results indicate that the topical application of oxatomide inhibits both the release and the action of histamine. Therefore, oxatomide nasal spray may be beneficial for treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Cerebral infarction in a young adult associated with protein C deficiency. A case report.

Protein C deficiency is a cause of thromboembolic disease. Venous thrombosis is the most common clinical manifestation. Arterial thrombosis is unusual and involvement of the intracranial arteries is especially rare. Herein the authors describe a case of cerebral [correction of cerebellar] infarction associated with protein C deficiency and review the relevant medical literature. A thirty-year-old man was hospitalized because of dysarthria, right limb ataxia, and a gait disturbance. Cranial computed tomography disclosed an infarction in the right cerebellar hemisphere and brachium pontis. Three months earlier the patient had had a transient ischemic attack with truncal ataxia and gait disturbances. On admission, the protein C antigen was 57% and protein C activity was 45%. Investigation of family members revealed protein C deficiency in an uncle. Literature review of stroke cases associated with protein C deficiency revealed that most had had a previous vascular event and/or a positive family history or had used oral contraceptives chronically. Protein C deficiency should be considered in young stroke patients with a positive family history of vaso-occlusive disease, previous ischemic events, or chronic oral contraceptive use.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Subclavian steal phenomenon associated with stress polycythemia. A case report.

A case of stress polycythemia without symptoms of cerebral ischemia is presented. The patient demonstrated a blood flow reversal through the right vertebral artery that was caused by a complete obstruction of the right subclavian artery at its origin. This obstruction may have been due to thrombosis associated with stress polycythemia. This is a rare example of a case in which thrombotic complications of stress polycythemia occurred in a larger caliber vessel such as the subclavian artery.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

Urine C-peptide and atherogenic risk factors in diabetes mellitus: relevance to "syndrome X".

The relation between the C-peptide concentration in twenty-four-hour urine specimens and atherogenic risk factors was investigated in 38 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in an attempt to determine the significance of urine C-peptide in diagnosing "syndrome X," which is characterized by insulin resistance. Weak positive correlations between twenty-four-hour urine C-peptide concentration and body mass index, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglyceride were detected. A weak negative correlation was also apparent between urine C-peptide and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The body mass index and serum triglyceride of patients with urine C-peptide excretion of > 100 micrograms/day were significantly higher than those in patients with normal urine C-peptide excretion (< 100 micrograms/day) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02, respectively). Systolic BP, diastolic BP, serum total cholesterol, and serum HDL did not differ significantly between the two groups of patients. Results indicate that twenty-four-hour urine C-peptide concentration is of significance in determining whether a patient has a tendency to insulin resistance but has only limited value as a quantitative measure of endogenous insulin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Synthesis of possible metabolites of 1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)- 4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (Grepafloxacin, OPC-17116).

Grepafloxacin (1-cyclopropyl-1,4-dihydro-6-fluoro-5-methyl-7-(3-methyl-1-piperazinyl )-4-oxo-3-quinoline-carboxylic acid, OPC-17116) (1) exhibits potent and broad-spectrum in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity. In order to identify the structures of the metabolites of grepafloxacin, 17 possible metabolites were prepared. Among them, 6 compounds were found to be actual metabolites (2a, b, 4a, b and 6a, b) of grepafloxacin in rats, dogs and/or humans. The antibacterial activities of these metabolites were found to be weaker than that of grepafloxacin.

Animals↗