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Biomedical subjects

K Ohmori

Publications and source records attributed to K Ohmori.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Pharmacological studies on KW-4679, an antiallergic drug. (1): Inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and experimental asthma in rats and guinea pigs].

The present experiment was carried out to elucidate the antiallergic properties of KW-4679. Oral administration of KW-4679 showed a dose-dependent inhibition on the IgE-mediated 48-hr homologous PCA in rats, with an ID50 value of 0.04 mg/kg. Passive anaphylactic broncho-constriction in guinea pigs mediated by IgE-like homologous antibody against ovalbumin was prevented dose-dependently by treatment with KW-4679 at doses of 0.03-1 mg/kg, p.o. KW-4679 also inhibited the IgE-mediated active anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in rats. In passively sensitized guinea pigs, the inhalation of aerosol antigen decreased the dynamic compliance of the lung and increased the mean pulmonary resistance. Pretreatment with KW-4679 (0.03-1 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited antigen-induced airway obstructions. Oral administration of KW-4679 significantly protected rats from compound 48/80-induced lethality. These results indicate that KW-4679 might be useful in the treatment of allergic diseases such as asthma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

[Effect of KW-4679, a novel antiallergic drug, on platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary cell accumulation in guinea pigs].

We assessed the effects of KW-4679 on bronchoconstriction, airway hyperresponsiveness and infiltration of inflammatory cells into the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) in guinea pigs. (1) KW-4679 (1, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited PAF-induced bronchoconstriction in anesthetized, ventilated guinea pigs. Ketotifen (1, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) also significantly inhibited that reaction. (2) Intravenous administration of PAF (600 ng/kg/hr) to ventilated anesthetized guinea pigs induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine or substance P. PAF-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with KW-4679 (3 mg/kg, i.v.). (3) Exposure of guinea pigs to an aerosol of PAF induced an increase in the numbers of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes in BAL fluid at 24 hr. KW-4679 (10 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the increase in eosinophils in BAL fluid. Ketotifen (10 mg/kg, p.o.) partially reduced the increase in eosinophils in BAL fluid. (4) KW-4679 did not inhibit PAF-induced rabbit platelet aggregation. These observations indicate that KW-4679 attenuates the PAF-induced pulmonary reactions in guinea pigs and that these actions may be beneficial for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The effect of KW-4679, an antiallergic drug, on experimental allergic rhinitis in guinea pigs: effects on nasal blockage.

We investigated the effect of KW-4679 (Z-11-(dimethylaminopropyliden)-6,11-dihydrodibenzoxepin-2-a cetic acid hydrochloride), an antiallergic agent, on the nasal blockage induced by antigen challenge into the nostrils of actively sensitized guinea pigs. The change of the nasal cavity volume caused by nasal mucosal swelling after antigen challenge was measured by acoustic rhinometry. Oral administration of KW-4679 (0.01-10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the decrease in the nasal cavity volume at 10 min, 30 min and 6 hr after antigen challenge. Ketotifen (1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) also inhibited the decrease in the nasal cavity volume after antigen challenge. These results indicate that KW-4679 may be useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of meningeal carcinomatosis in colon cancer.

Meningeal carcinomatosis has been infrequently reported in colorectal carcinoma. Recently the value of gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the examination of this disease has been described. We report a 55-year-old man with meningeal carcinomatosis from a known colon cancer. In this case, a gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain showed enhancing dura and nodular lesions which were not detected by enhanced computed tomography. The gadolinium-enhanced MRI may serve as an indicator of leptomeningeal involvement and may be a useful test in addition to the evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid cytology and chemistry.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Vertebral slip in lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. Long-term follow-up of 22 adult patients.

We studied the aetiology of vertebral slip in a long-term follow-up of 22 adult patients with isthmic spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis of L5. Of the 18 with spondylolysis without slip, 13 showed no slip after ten years, but five developed displacement of over 5%. All four patients with spondylolisthesis showed progression of the slip. We found that the vertical thickness of the transverse process of L5 was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the 13 patients with no slip than in the other two groups. The relationship of vertebral slip to the shape of the transverse processes of L5 may be explained by differences in the bulk or physiological strength of the posterior bands of the iliolumbar ligament.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The effect of KW-4679, an antiallergic drug, on experimental allergic rhinitis].

Effect of KW-4679, an antiallergic agent, on the experimental allergic rhinitis was studied in guinea pigs. 1) KW-4679 inhibited the sneeze response and the nasal rubbing induced after the intranasal administration of antigen in sensitized guinea pigs. The inhibitions were dose-related and significant at 0.03 mg/kg p.o. for sneeze response and 1 mg/kg p.o. for nasal rubbing, respectively. 2) The nasal vascular permeability was increased after the intranasal administration of antigen in sensitized guinea pigs. KW-4679 significantly reduced the increase of the nasal vascular permeability at 1 mg/kg p.o. or higher. From these results, KW-4679 may have inhibitory effects on sneeze, nasal irritation and rhinorrhea in clinical use.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Variant type of sialyl Lewis X antigen expressed on adult T cell leukemia cells is associated with skin involvement.

Expression of a variant type of sialyl Le(x) antigen defined by 2F3 monoclonal antibody on leukemia cells was studied in 15 adult T cell leukemia (ATL) patients. The expression of 2F3-defined sialyl Le(x) antigen on CD4+CD45+ cells, which is an ATL cell-rich population, was higher in patients with skin involvement (50.1 +/- 23.1% were positive) than in patients without skin involvement (18.1 +/- 12.5%) (P < 0.01). The other surface markers including classical sialyl Le(x) antigen defined by SNH3 or FH6 and LFA-1, VLA-4, CD4, CD25, ICAM-1, Leu8, and HLA-DR did not show a significant difference regardless of skin involvement. In the skin lesion of four patients that we could examine, infiltrating leukemia cells strongly expressed 2F3-defined sialyl Le(x) antigen. In one patient, we could also examine the expression of classical sialyl Le(x) antigen defined by SNH-3 and CSLEX-1, but this was almost negligible. Both skin and lymph node biopsy specimens were examined in two patients. Leukemia cells in the skin strongly expressed 2F3-defined sialyl Le(x) antigen, while its expression was almost negligible on the leukemia cells in the lymph node. These findings suggest that the expression of 2F3-defined sialyl Le(x) antigen on ATL cells is associated with skin involvement of ATL.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Monoclonal antibodies distinctively recognizing the subtypes of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor: application to the studies on inflammatory cells.

Monoclonal antibodies were raised that specifically recognize the COOH-terminal sequences and the loop sequences between the fifth and the sixth transmembrane spanning regions of human inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) type 1, 2 and 3. Western blot analysis using Jurkat cells, mouse cerebellum, COS-7 expressing IP3R type 3 cDNA showed that those monoclonal antibodies reacted specifically with each of these three IP3R subtypes and that they do not cross-react. These antibodies could be used for the specific immunoprecipitation of IP3Rs. Using these monoclonal antibodies, the expression profiles of IP3R-subtype proteins were found to be different among inflammatory cells such as macrophages, polymorphonuclear cells, mast cells, eosinophils, splenocytes, thymocytes and megakaryocytic cells. Usually, more than one type of IP3R were expressed in a cell simultaneously. The observation of CMK cells under immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that IP3R type 1 and type 2 are located at different subcellular fractions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Effects of shock waves on the mouse fetus.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is contraindicated during pregnancy because its effects on the fetus remain to be ascertained. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of shock waves on fetuses at various stages of pregnancy. Pregnant mice received 100, 250, or 500 shock waves on 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days postcoitum. The effect on fetal survival rate and weight was minimal in the early stages of pregnancy. In the later stages of pregnancy, however, the number of viable fetuses decreased in proportion to an increasing number of shock waves, and almost no viable fetuses were found in the group treated with 500 shock waves. Fusion and necrosis were found in many dead fetuses. Histological examination of the fetuses, which was obtained immediately after the shock wave treatment, revealed hemorrhages in the brain, lungs and subcutaneous tissue. This study indicated that shock waves lead to fetal damage and death in the late stage of pregnancy in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Aneurysm of the testicular artery.

We report a case of aneurysm of the right testicular artery in the spermatic cord of the right scrotum. To our knowledge this is the first report of an aneurysm of the testicular artery.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed1994

Airway epithelial cell changes in rats exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 20 months.

The present study was designed to characterize and quantify morphologic changes occurring in rat intra-pulmonary airway epithelia after long-term exposure to a high ambient level of ozone. Fifteen rats were exposed to 0.25 ppm ozone for 20 months (5 hr/day, 7 days/week) and a control group of 15 rats were exposed to filtered room air. Many intra-cellular brown pigmented granules (presumed to be lipofuscin) were seen in both the control and exposed animals; however, more of these granules were observed in the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia of the exposed animals. To detect DNA synthesis that occurred in airway epithelial cells during the repair process induced by ozone toxicity, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected intraperitoneally one hour before animals were sacrificed; the BrdU-labeling index was evaluated immunohistochemically. There was no difference in the BrdU-labeling index between the groups, the airway epithelia of the ozone-exposed animals exhibiting tolerance to ozone toxicity. However, the epithelial populations in the airways were altered by ozone exposure, and regional differences were seen in the changes. In the exposed animals, mucous cells increased in the lobar bronchus. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive pulmonary endocrine cells and neuroepithelial bodies were more frequently observed in the terminal bronchioles of the exposed animals than in the controls, although there were no differences in the lobar bronchus. Moreover, one adenoma in the peripheral lung was found in the exposed animals, while no tumorous lesions were detected in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenoma↗
PubMed1994

Use of vascularized corticoperiosteal flap from the femur for reconstruction of the orbit.

The reconstruction of small and thin defects in the orbital area using vascularized cortex is described herein. This vascularized cortex is taken from the medial supracondyle area of the femur because a small, thin, and flexible bone can be harvested. We have treated 5 patients with orbital bony defects that would have been difficult to reconstruct using conventional free bone grafts. All flaps took perfectly, the results were satisfactory, and no functional loss occurred in the donor site. The advantages of this bone flap include rich vascularity, a long vascular pedicle of about 7 cm, easy flap elevation, and the ability to include a saphenous flap. The thinness and flexibility of the bone flap make it a suitable vascularized bone donor site for treating small, flat craniofacial bony defects such as in the orbital area.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effects of epidermal growth factor on invasiveness through the extracellular matrix in high- and low-metastatic clones of RCT sarcoma in vitro.

We investigated the invasiveness of tumor cells through the extracellular matrix and the influence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on tumor cell invasion using in vitro systems in high-[RCT(+)] and low-metastatic [RCT(-)] clones established from poorly differentiated murine RCT sarcoma in C3H/He mice. In the invasion assay using a filter coated with reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel) in a Boyden chamber, RCT(+) cells were more invasive than RCT(-) cells. The attachment of RCT(+) cells to extracellular matrix components and the degradation of type IV collagen by the cells were significantly greater than with RCT(-) cells. However, there was no significant difference in the migration of cells to the extracellular matrix components between cultured RCT(+) and RCT(-) cells. These findings suggested that the different invasiveness of these clone cells was associated with the difference in the ability of attachment to and degradation of the matrix. The level of laminin receptor expression in RCT(+) cells was about four-fold that in RCT(-) cells and laminin stimulated the type IV collagenolytic activity of RCT(+) cells, suggesting that RCT(+) cell attachment to laminin via laminin receptor on the cell surface induced the production of type IV collagenase by the tumor cells. EGF did not affect the invasiveness of RCT(-) cells. In RCT(+) cells, EGF stimulated the invasiveness through Matrigel, the attachment to extracellular matrix components and the degradation of type IV collagen through high-affinity EGF receptors (EGFR), with Kd of pM order, while the migration to the matrix was not influenced by EGF. These findings suggest that the stimulatory effect of EGF on invasion is related to the acceleration of cell adhesion, and the degradative cascade of the extracellular matrix and high-affinity EGFRs play an important role in the effect of EGF on in vitro invasiveness in this tumor.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Serum levels of laminin, type IV collagen and type III procollagen peptide as markers for detection of metastasis.

We investigated the clinical usefulness of serum laminin, type IV collagen and type III procollagen peptide (PIIIP) as markers for detection of metastasis in patients with primary or metastatic bone and soft part tumors. The subjects consisted of 28 patients with metastatic bone tumors, 18 with primary bone tumors (benign; 10, malignant; 8), 22 with primary soft part tumors (benign; 12, malignant; 10), 18 with cancer without metastasis (as controls to metastatic bone tumor) and 60 healthy controls. Elevated levels of serum laminin, type IV collagen and PIIIP were not associated with any specific histological subtype, tumor size or location, and were clearly related to evidence of metastasis. Mean serum concentrations of laminin, type IV collagen and PIIIP were significantly higher in patients with metastasis than in patients without metastasis. Positive correlations were observed among serum laminin, type IV collagen and PIIIP levels in tumor patients. The sensitivity values for laminin, type IV collagen and PIIIP in detecting metastasis were 83.7%, 83.3% and 80.5%, respectively, with specificity of 90.0%, 86.1% and 86.1%. When two of the three markers were evaluated in identical blood samples, combined sensitivity and specificity values exhibited further increases as compared to the sensitivity and specificity of each marker. The use of all three markers led to the best combined sensitivity and specificity. These findings suggest that the combination of these markers would be a valuable screening test in predicting metastasis.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Epidemiological survey of dementia and depression among the aged living in the community in Japan.

The authors surveyed the prevalence of depression and dementia in the elderly in Ohira town in Japan from 1989 to 1990. The total population of this town was 26,712, with 2,778 people aged 65 and above, constituting 10.4% of the total population. The prevalence of dementia (n = 128) was 6.1% and that of major depression (n = 9) was 0.4%, according to the DSM-III-R criteria. The prevalence of a depressive state which did not fulfill the criteria for major depression (n = 55) was 2.4%. The patients with multi-infarct dementia (n = 49) suffered from depression (42.8%) more frequently than those with dementia of the Alzheimer type (11.1%). The rate of depression coexisting with dementia increased with aging, while the rate of depression without dementia did not change in all the age groups.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of OPC-17116 against important pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections.

The antibacterial activity of OPC-17116, a new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, against important pathogens that cause respiratory tract infections was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin. The pharmacokinetic profiles of OPC-17116 were studied in both mice and rats given the drug orally at doses of 50 and 40 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. OPC-17116 showed a high degree of distribution in the lung tissues of both species, with maximum concentrations of 29.6 and 32.0 micrograms/g, respectively. Furthermore, the drug concentrations in lung tissue were about 10 to 15 times greater than the concentrations in plasma. OPC-17116 showed potent antibacterial activity against such pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The MICs of this compound for 90% of these organisms except methicillin-resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa ranged from < or = 0.006 to 0.78 microgram/ml. The in vitro antibacterial activity of OPC-17116 was reflected by the efficacy of a single oral dose against systemic bacterial infections in mice. OPC-17116 showed a superior effect against gram-positive bacteria, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. In comparison with the other reference compounds, the efficacy of OPC-17116 was less than that of ciprofloxacin against K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. OPC-17116 showed a greater therapeutic effect than the other drugs against experimental acute pneumonia caused by these organisms in mice or rats. This excellent therapeutic effect against respiratory tract infections may be a result of its high level of distribution in lung tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Long-term results of the anterior cervical spondylodesis.

From 1974 to 1992, anterior cervical spondylodesis was performed in 163 patients of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, cervical spondylotic radiculopathy, traumatic spinal injury, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, or cervical spondylitis. Forty-five of these patients were followed for more than 4 years. To analyze the long-term results of anterior cervical spondylodesis, a radiological examination was performed in these 45 patients and magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in 41 of them. Postoperative spondylotic changes were observed radiologically in 23 (51.1%) of the 45 patients. Anterior bony spur was more frequently observed than posterior bony spur in these postoperative spondylotic changes. Postoperative canal stenosis caused by the bulging of the discs and the ligamentum flavum was frequently demonstrated with hypo- or isointense signal on T2-weighted images by magnetic resonance imaging in patients followed long term after surgery and in patients with malalignment of the cervical spine due to kyphosis of the fused vertebrae and multisegmental fusion. Neurological improvement was less in patients with bulge of the discs and the ligamentum flavum seen in magnetic resonance imaging than in patients without it. The bulge of the ligamentum flavum was histopathologically defined as hypertrophy of the ligament.

Adolescent↗