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Biomedical subjects

K Nielsen

Publications and source records attributed to K Nielsen.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for differentiation of the antibody response of cattle naturally infected with Brucella abortus or vaccinated with strain 19.

Purified O chain of Brucella abortus was passively attached to polystyrene to differentiate antibody responses of cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 from those of naturally infected cattle. In the indirect assay, using O polysaccharide as antigen, a single serum dilution was used and mouse monoclonal antibody to bovine L chain conjugated with horseradish peroxidase was the detection reagent. Measurable antibody was not found in sera of vaccinated cattle, except for 3 sera from cattle that were persistently infected with strain 19. Sera from 25 cattle infected with pathogenic strains contained antibody on the basis of results of indirect enzyme immunoassay, using smooth lipopolysaccharide or O chain as antigens, or results of competitive enzyme immunoassay, using the O-chain antigen. Results in sera from calves with experimentally induced Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:9 infection or inoculated with a low dose of B abortus strain 2308 were comparable with those in sera of cattle that were vaccinated with strain 19. The data correlated with those from competitive enzyme immunoassay, using one serum dilution and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to smooth lipopolysaccharide. On the basis of results of the indirect enzyme immunoassay, all sera (except those samples obtained before inoculation) contained antibody to smooth lipopolysaccharide.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Closure of the abdominal fascia after clean and clean-contaminated laparotomy.

This prospective, randomized study compares continuous absorbable suture (Dexon), continuous nonabsorbable suture (Surgilon) and interrupted absorbable suture (Dexon) for fascial closure of clean and clean-contaminated laparotomy wounds. Three months postoperatively, the overall frequencies were for wound dehiscence 0% (0/238), wound infection 5.5% (13/238), hernia formation 0.4% (1/238) and sinus formation 0% (0/238). After a median period of 41 months (range 14-59 months) a physical examination was performed in 93.7% (224/238) of the patients and the observed overall frequency of hernia was 3.1% (7/224). No difference was detected in incidence of wound complications when comparing the three groups. We conclude that layered closure of a laparotomy wound is safe whether using nonabsorbable or absorbable sutures and whether applying a continuous or interrupted technique in the fascial closure of clean and clean-contaminated wounds.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological studies of piglet diarrhoea in intensively managed Danish sow herds. IV. Pathogenicity of porcine rotavirus.

Colostrum-deprived piglets inoculated with rotavirus 24 h after birth developed a profuse diarrhoea that spread to non-inoculated, colostrum-deprived litter mates and, occassionally, to colostrum-fed piglets. Case fatality rates in these 3 categories of piglets were 63.2%, 35.7% and 8.3%, respectively. Surviving piglets recovered in 1-2 weeks, but shedded virus via the faeces for up to 3 weeks p.i. The D-xylose test revealed severe malabsorption, with extremely flat absorption curves for up to 3-4 weeks p.i. Malabsorption was more marked in piglets with a long-lasting faecal virus excretion than in piglets where virus disappeared from the faeces within 10 days p.i. Infected piglets (colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived) had decreased weight gains and were 5 days older at a bodyweight of 25 kg than non-inoculated controls. It is concluded that rotavirus is probably of significance in diarrhoeal syndromes in suckling piglets, alone or in combination with E. coli or other pathogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological studies of piglet diarrhoea in intensively managed Danish sow herds. I. Pre-weaning diarrhoea.

The study comprised 70,796 litters in 104 sow herds, observed from 1976 through 1982. Weaning age decreased from approx. 42 days to approx. 30 days during the observation period. Diseases and symptoms were recorded together with production parameters (feeding, barn construction, economic returns etc.). The mean incidence rate of pre-weaning diarrhoea was 6.8% of litters, with considerable inter-herd differences (incidence rates from 0 to approx. 50%). There was a slight increase in incidence during the autumn (August through October). Incidence rates increased with litter size, with a peak incidence in litters of 11-13 piglets, and decreased with increasing parity of the sow. There was a positive association between occurrence of arthritis and pre-weaning diarrhoea in the litters, and litters from sows with post parturient disease (MMA complex) had 1.8 times higher risk of getting diarrhoea than litters from healthy sows. No important differences among breeds were found. Small herds (less than 200 farrowings per year) had higher incidence rates than large herds (400-499 farrowings per year). Herds with a gilt proportion above 30% had an incidence rate of 12.3%, i.e. nearly twice as high as the overall mean (6.8%). There was a trend towards a higher incidence rate in litters kept in traditional pens (i.e. large pens with solid floor and loose sows) than in intensive pens (i.e. small pens with slatted flooring and tethered sows). The overall pre-weaning mortality rate was 16.2% of pigs born, half of which was due to stillbirths (6.3%) and overlaid piglets (2.2%). In litters with pre-weaning diarrhoea, the mortality rate was 19%, compared to 13% in litters without occurrence of diarrhoea. This difference accounts for an excess loss of 0.6 piglets from birth to weaning in diarrhoeic vs. non-diarrhoeic litters. Piglets from litters with pre-weaning diarrhoea had reduced weight gain. Thus, on the average, they were 2.2 days older at 25 kg bodyweight and weighed 0.4 kg less at 30 days than piglets from non-diarrhoeic litters. Also, litters with pre-weaning diarrhoea had a significantly increased risk of post-weaning diarrhoea. The present information forms a basis for defining acceptable disease thresholds in suckling litters in intensively managed herds.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological studies of piglet diarrhoea in intensively managed Danish sow herds. II. Post-weaning diarrhoea.

This study comprised 48,931 litters in 89 sow herds. During the study (1976-82) weaning age decreased from approx. 42 days to approx. 30 days. The mean incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea was 6.0% of litters weaned, with little variation by year but with considerable variation among herds. Within the individual herd increased incidence occurred over limited periods, probably associated with specific infections. Litters with diarrhoea during the suckling period had increased risk of post-weaning diarrhoea. The incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea increased with litter size at weaning. Thus, a litter of 11-12 piglets at weaning had 1.2 times higher risk than litters with 8-10 piglets. In contrast to pre-weaning diarrhoea, there was no association between parity of the sow and diarrhoea in the litter after weaning. Litters weaned below 2 weeks of age had a 2-fold risk of developing diarrhoea after weaning and a 2.4-fold higher mortality rate than did litters weaned at 6-7 weeks. Similarly, litters weaned at an individual piglet weight below 3 kg bodyweight had a 3-fold higher risk of developing diarrhoea after weaning and a 5-fold higher mortality rate than did pigs from litters weaned at a bodyweight of 7-8 kg. The incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea decreased with increasing herd size. Piglets from litters with post-weaning diarrhoea had reduced weight gains after weaning and were 2.3 days older at 25 kg bodyweight than piglets from non-diarrhoeic litters. Likewise, diarrhoea after weaning was associated with an increased incidence of diseases of the skin and respiratory tract. Thus the risk of contracting respiratory disease was 4 times greater in diarrhoeic litters.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Epidemiological studies of piglet diarrhoea in intensively managed Danish sow herds. III. Rotavirus infection.

The prevalence of rotavirus infection was studied in 1090 litters from 26 sow herds. Samples of normal, semifluid and watery stools were examined for rotavirus by an ELISA-test on faeces. Rotavirus was detected in 77% of the herds and in 30.5% of the litters (prevalence rates). The highest prevalence rate was seen in piglets between 21 and 41 days of age. Gilts' litters had a very high prevalence during the first week of life. Apart from this, no difference was found between litters from gilts and older sows. Rotavirus was detected more frequently in semiliquid, loose stools than in normal or watery stools, and an association between virus detection and diarrhoea could not be demonstrated. However, litters which shedded rotavirus during the suckling period had lower weight gains and higher incidence rates of respiratory diseases than virus-free litters. Litters weaned at 2 weeks in battery cages had slightly increased risk of shedding rotavirus compared to litters weaned in more traditional systems. The study revealed that rotavirus is widespread in Danish swine herds. The findings give evidence to suggest that the type of mild diarrhoea in 3-week-old piglets known as steatorrhoea or "white scours" may be associated with rotavirus infection, possibly in combination with E. coli and other agents. The high prevalence in piglets weaned at 2 weeks plus the higher morbidity and mortality among such piglets sustain the conclusion that piglets should not be weaned before 3 weeks of age or below a body weight of 6-7 kg.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Stereological estimates of nuclear volume in normal mucosa and carcinoma in situ of the human urinary bladder.

The nuclear volume of the epithelial cells in the human urinary bladder mucosa has been estimated using point sampled intercepts in vertical sections (local vertical windows). The study included 27 specimens: ten from normal bladder mucosa, five from inflamed mucosa, seven from mucosa with flat grade II lesions and five from mucosa with flat grade III lesions. After standard fixation, embedding, sectioning and haematoxylin-eosin staining an unbiased estimate of the mean volume of nuclei sampled with a chance proportion to the volume = vV = pi/3 x (l0)3 was calculated using a frame for orientating the linear test probe in vertical sections. Here l0 is the length of the intercept through a test point hitting a nucleus measured in a random direction through the test point. The weighted mean nuclear volume of bladder mucosa with grade II and grade III lesions (537 microns 3 and 494 microns 3 respectively) was significantly larger than the weighted mean nuclear volume of normal (133 microns 3) and inflamed bladder mucosa (182 microns 3). This simple and fast estimation of nuclear volume seems to provide objective data useful in discriminating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the bladder mucosa.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1988

Further evidence that bovine IgM does not fix guinea pig complement.

In a study of sera from cattle vaccinated with 3 X 10(10) cfu of Brucella abortus strain 19, it was found that IgG1 antibody measured by an indirect ELISA was the only isotype to correlate with standard complement fixing antibody titers using heated serum samples and guinea pig serum as a source of complement. A supplement of normal unheated bovine serum resulted in IgM fixing guinea pig complement, giving data similar to those obtained with unheated serum in the complement fixation test.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antibody isotype response in adult cattle vaccinated with Brucella abortus S19.

In a chronological study of sera collected from eight adult cattle vaccinated with 3 X 10(-10) cfu of Brucella abortus S19, antibody of each of the four major isotypes was measured by indirect enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and by direct and modified complement fixation tests (CFT). Six of the cattle gave antibody responses to the vaccine strain that commenced between days 5 and 8 for all the isotypes in the ELISA, peaked by 1 to 4 months and then declined to low levels by 10 months. Direct CFT and modified CFT titers were measurable by 7 or 8 days post-vaccination, and peaked by 1 month; direct CFT titers disappeared by 5 months while the modified CFT titers lingered for 10 months. Two animals gave cyclical direct CFT and modified CFT antibody responses, a cyclical IgG1 response, a low IgG2 and an elevated IgA response. The amplitude of the cycles was uniform over three cycles while the wavelength increased with time. A year post-vaccination, B. abortus S19 was isolated twice from milk from one of the animals (no attempt was made to culture B. abortus from the other). Sera from B. abortus naturally infected cattle were analysed for comparison.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Primary tumors of the renal pelvis: evaluation of clinical and pathological features in a consecutive series of 10 years.

We operated on 36 patients for primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis between 1975 and 1984. The patients were evaluated for etiological factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, treatment, histological type and grade of dedifferentiation, presence of invasion, abnormalities in the urothelium adjacent to the tumor, abnormalities in the epithelium of the collecting tubules and patient survival. No etiological factors were found. The main symptom was hematuria. Diagnosis was made by excretory urography with tomography. Urine cytology examination was of no help in the diagnosis. The survival was high in patients with low grade tumors, tumors without invasion and tumors without coexisting atypia in the adjacent urothelium but it was poor in those with high grade tumors, tumors with invasion and tumors with atypia of the adjacent urothelium.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis.

There have been 33 previously reported cases of papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis. To our knowledge we report the first case of this benign neoplasm in Scandinavia. The cystic tumor occurred unilaterally in a 44-year-old man who had no signs of von Hippel-Lindau's syndrome or infertility. Papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis must be distinguished from neoplasms of the testis, particularly teratoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dihydrotestosterone measured in core biopsies from prostatic tissues.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were measured and related to the content of DNA in 10- to 15-mg tissue samples obtained by punch biopsies from the prostatic gland. The aim of the study was to provide an opportunity to detect the variation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in prostatic tissue on endocrine manipulations in phase III studies of metastatic prostatic cancer. DHT was assayed in ranges of 27.9 to 102.9 pg/ml or when related to DNA from 0.57 to 4.00 pg/micrograms DNA by modifying a commercial testosterone/dihydrotestosterone kit. Preliminary clinical results from nine patients with prostatic cancer and eight with benign hyperplasia showed a significantly lower DHT/DNA ratio in prostatic cancer. The predictive value of the histological grading was improved by estimates of the weighted mean nuclear volume. The trend that mean nuclear volume of prostatic cancer exceeded the mean nuclear volume of hyperplasia was clear, and a significantly larger nuclear variation was demonstrated in the malignant specimens. Neither the DHT/DNA ratio nor the mean nuclear volume appears to be sufficient to guide the handling of individual patients, but the described methods enable us by repeated measurements to follow the course of disease and response to treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Malignant Sertoli cell tumour of the testis. An immunohistochemical study and a review of the literature.

The fifteenth case of malignant Sertoli cell tumour is reported and the literature is reviewed. The reported case was unilateral with lung metastases. Immunohistochemical examination showed positive staining reaction within the tumour cells for vimentin and cytokeratin, while AFP, HCG, PLAP, EMA and CEA were not found, which is in accordance with the staining pattern found in normal Sertoli cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum in Denmark.

Only a limited number of cases of primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) developed in the colon and rectum have been described in the world literature. This study represents the first population-based study of this rare cancer. Sixteen patients with primary SCC of the rectum diagnosed in the period 1978-1983 were identified from the Danish Cancer Registry. Eleven patients were excluded after revision of the histological specimens because the SCC in these cases were in connection with the squamous epithelium of the anal canal. SCC of the rectum in Denmark in the period 1978-1983 thus constituted 0.06% and 0.11% of the histologically verified rectal tumours in men and women, respectively. Case reports on these cases are given. One of the two males was homosexual and the other had never been married or lived with a woman. It is concluded that our findings support the hypothesis proposed by Austin that there may be an association between the frequency of anal intercourse and occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.

The new stereological methods for correct and efficient sampling and sizing of cells and other particles are reviewed. There is a hierarchy of methods starting from the simplest where even the microscopic magnification may be unknown to the most complex where typically both section thickness and the magnification must be known. Optical sections in suitably modified microscopes can be used to improve the ease and speed with which even the most demanding of these methods are performed. The methods are illustrated by practical examples of applications to a wide range of histological entities including synapses, neurons and cancer cells, glomerular corpuscles and ovarian follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.

Stereology is a set of simple and efficient methods for quantitation of three-dimensional microscopic structures which is specifically tuned to provide reliable data from sections. Within the last few years, a number of new methods has been developed which are of special interest to pathologists. Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review. The principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples. The necessary equipment, the measurements, and the calculations are invariably simple and easy.

Humans↗