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Biomedical subjects

K Nemoto

Publications and source records attributed to K Nemoto.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neurolysis as a surgical procedure for Morton's neuroma.

Morton's neuroma is regarded as a type of entrapment neuropathy, therefore, neurolysis as surgical treatment is preferable to neurectomy. We have developed a new surgical procedure which consists of a plantar zigzag incision, incision of the plantar aponeurosis, and microsurgical neurolysis of the interdigital nerve. We have performed this operation on 6 nerves with Morton's neuroma in 5 patients and obtained excellent results. The remaining one nerve showed fair results. Neurectomy of the interdigital nerve has been regarded as the surgical treatment of choice for Morton's neuroma. However, a resection neuroma and permanent sensory deficit are inevitable sequelae after neurectomy. Since Morton's neuroma is considered to be a type of entrapment neuropathy, it is reasonable to think that neurolysis is preferable to neurectomy. We have developed a renewed procedure of microsurgical neurolysis on nerves involved with Morton's neuroma. Using this procedure, we operated 6 nerves with Morton's neuroma on 5 patients and obtained excellent results, which forms the basis of this report.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of sevoflurane on cardiovascular dynamics, coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism in dogs.

The effects of 2.5% and 5% of sevoflurane anesthesia on hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism were studied in pentobarbital-pancuronium anesthetized dogs. The interaction between nicardipine and 2.5% sevoflurane was also examined. Sevoflurane produced dose-dependent ( P << 0.05 to P << 0.01) decreases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular minute work index (LVMWI), maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LV dP/dt), the time constant of fall in isovolumic left ventricular pressure (T) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), whereas stroke volume index (SVI) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) remained unchanged. Central venous pressure (CVP) was significantly ( P << 0.05) increased at 5%. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MV(O)(2)), and myocardial lactate extraction ratio (ML ext) were decreased in a dose-dependent manner ( P << 0.05). Myocardial oxygen extraction ratio (M(O)(2) ext) was significantly ( P << 0.01) decreased at 5%. The ratio of the left ventricular minute work index to myocardial oxygen consumption (LVMWI/MV(O)(2)), i.e., left ventricular efficiency was significantly decreased only at 5% ( P << 0.05). Coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) was significantly ( P << 0.05) decreased only at 2.5% sevoflurane and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was significantly ( P << 0.01) decreased only at 5% sevoflurane. The ratio of CSBF to CO (CSBF/CO) showed a tendency to increase as sevoflurane concentrations were increased. Nicardipine (0.01 mg.kg(-1)) administered intravenously under 2.5% sevoflurane caused significant ( P << 0.05 to P << 0.01) decreases in SAP, HR, LV dP/dt, SVR, and CVR, and increases in CVP, SVI, CI, and CSBF ( P << 0.05 to P << 0.01). CSBF/CO remained unchanged. MV(O)(2), M(O)(2) ext, and ML ext were significantly ( P << 0.05 to P << 0.01) decreased. LVMWI/MV(O)(2) showed a tendency to increase. It is concluded that sevoflurane causes a rapidly and easily controlled cardiovascular depression and may not have unfavorable effects on coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism. Nicardipine exerts a synergistic myocardial depressant effect on sevoflurane, in terms of both cardiovascular dynamics and myocardial metabolism.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

The effect of verapamil on halothane-epinephrine or digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias in dogs.

The effect of verapamil on ventricular dysrhythmias was evaluated using two canine models. In one model, ventricular dysrhythmias were induced by 1% halothane-epinephrine (1.5 approximately 30 micro g/kg/min.) in 20 dogs (Group I). In the other model, ventricular dysrhythmias were induced by digoxin (0.1 approximately 0.2 mg/kg) in 27 dogs (Group II). Verapamil (0.2 approximately 0.5 mg/kg) was given to treat these ventricular dysrhythmias. When verapamil was ineffective, lidocaine (1 approximately 2 mg/kg) was given following the administration of verapamil. In 7 dogs of group II, lidocaine alone was given. Verapamil was effective in 16 animals of group I, and in 10 animals of group II. Lidocaine was ineffective in the remaining 4 of group I, whereas effective in the remaining 17, including those given lidocaine alone of group II. From these findings, it was inferred that Ca(2+) dependent abnormal automaticity and/or re-entry may be more closely related to the genesis of halothane-epinephrine-induced ventricular dysrhythmias refractory to lidocaine, whereas triggered activity may be more closely related to that of digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias. In conclusion, verapamil was more effective against halothane-epinephrine-induced ventricular dysrhythmias than against digitalis-induced ventricular dysrhythmias.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Malignant paraganglioma. Report of a case and review of the Japanese literature.

An unusual case of malignant paraganglioma that manifested itself as pain in the temporomandibular joint and trismus and later manifested itself as a rapidly growing neck mass is described. Computed tomography revealed a huge mass with upward and downward extension in the infratemporal fossa. Radiotherapy was completely ineffective. At autopsy, a malignant paraganglioma with multiple metastases was found, but the site of origin could not be determined because of the size and extent. One hundred and ninety-one cases of paraganglioma of the head and neck published in the Japanese literature were analyzed with regard to their site, clinical, radiographic and microscopic features as well as treatment and results.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effects of electrical stimulation on denervated muscle using implantable electrodes.

This experimental study investigated the effects of continuous electrical stimulation on denervated muscle. The canine peroneal nerve was severed and repaired microsurgically, and the denervated extensor muscle group of the leg was stimulated continuously with an implantable electrode and pulse generator. EMG study, muscle force measurement, muscle weight measurement, histology, and histochemistry were performed to study the effect at eight weeks after the operation. Continuous electrical stimulation (pulse frequency 130 pps, burst rate approximately 1 train/min) was effective in decreasing muscle atrophy and in improving muscle force. These findings may have broader clinical applications.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Biological activities of deoxyspergualin in autoimmune disease mice.

An assessment of the prophylactic and ameliorative effects of deoxyspergualin (NKT-01), an immunosuppressive agent, was carried out in male MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr (MRL/1) mice which spontaneously develop lupus-like lesions. When NKT-01 was administered ip daily from the age of either 8 or 19 weeks, diseases such as massive lymphadenopathy, circulating anti-DNA antibody and lupus nephritis were markedly suppressed. The primary response to lipopolysaccharide was significantly reduced in MRL/1 mice administered NKT-01 but the response to sheep red blood cells was not affected. The ability of spleen cells to release interleukins 2 and 3 with or without mitogen was significantly enhanced in mice receiving NKT-01. These findings demonstrate that NKT-01 has therapeutic activity against the development of spontaneous disease in MRL/1 mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Synthesis and biological activity of spergualin analogues. I.

Stable spergualin analogues were synthesized by substitutions of the alpha-hydroxyglycine residue of spergualin with various alpha- or omega-amino acids. The antitumor activity of these analogues against L1210 and their immunosuppressive effects on delayed-type hypersensitivity and antibody formation was then examined. Analogues substituted with glycine and L-serine showed significant biological activity but were less potent than 15-deoxyspergualin. Among the analogues synthesized so far, 10-[N-4-(4-guanidinophenyl)butyryl-L-seryl]-1,5,10-triazadecane has possessed the strongest antitumor and immunosuppressive activities.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of osteoporosis associated with menopause and oophorectomy by microdensitometry].

Osteoporosis is one of the diseases affecting the elderly that is receiving increasing attention. The present study employed microdensitometry (MD) to evaluate osteoporosis in a relatively younger group of persons aged less than 60. The relationship of this disease to menopause or a history of oophorectomy was also studied. Of 149 cases, this condition was recognized in 33 (22.1%), demonstrating the effectiveness of the MD method. Of 41 premenopausal subjects, osteoporosis was recognized in 8, (19.5%), as compared to 5 of 36 postmenopausal subjects (13.9%), suggesting that the prevalence of this condition was also low in the postmenopausal group and thus suggesting that the menopause was not necessarily a point of importance in the development of this condition. Furthermore the condition was recognized in 20 of 72 cases (27.8%) with a history of total oophorectomy, showing a higher rate than in either the premenopausal or postmenopausal groups. In addition a direct correlation was recognized between the prevalence of osteoporosis and the period since total oophorectomy. These results suggested a strong relationship between total oophorectomy and the occurrence of osteoporosis.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗