[Toxic hepatitis induced by steroids].
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Anabolic Agents↗
Biomedical subjects
K Miyake
Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.
[Intestinal metabolism of bilirubin].
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Animals↗
Intraoperative posterior chamber lens haptic fixation in the human cadaver eye.
The authors observed the intraoperative behavior of several posterior chamber lens (PCL) loops inserted in the human cadaver eye in a manner similar to an actual operation. The procedure was viewed under an operating microscope, and was filmed by a 16-mm movie camera. In PCLs with a length of 13-mm or more, which were originally designed for ciliary sulcus fixation, the first loop (usually the inferior loop) was easily inserted into the ciliary sulcus, but the second loop (usually the superior loop) was often misinserted into the posterior capsule. Neighboring tissues sometimes were accidentally traumatized during maneuvers to correct lens decentration. In PCLs with shorter loops, which were designed for capsular bag fixation, both loops could always be placed securely in the bag. When we compared the C-loop and the J-loop, the former was found to be excellent in its flexible nature of the loop.
Aged↗
[Total cystectomy for urinary bladder cancer: clinicopathological study of 95 cases].
Total cystectomy was performed on 95 patients with primary urinary bladder cancer between 1973 and 1983. Histopathological and prognostic studies were reviewed according to the general rules for clinical and pathological studies on bladder cancer. The cancer histological type were transitional cell carcinoma in 87 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 5 cases, adenocarcinoma in 2 cases, and undifferentiated carcinoma in 1 case. The overall 5-year actuarial survival rate was 36.0%. As for the growth pattern of the bladder cancer, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with papillary non-invasive type (PNT), papillary invasive type (PIT), and non-papillary invasive type (NIT) were 100%, 25.8% and 34.8% respectively. As for the stage, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with pTa, pT1, pT2, pT3a, pT3b, and pT4 were 81.8%, 64.7%, 40.1%, 30.5%, 22.6% and 6.7% respectively. Of 87 patients with transitional cell carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates for the patients with grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 were 100%, 43.0% and 32.1% respectively. Intramural lymphatic invasion and vascular invasion and intramural histopathological mode of spread were significant indicators of prognosis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Vitreous fluorophotometry in aphakic or pseudophakic eyes with persistent cystoid macular edema.
By vitreous fluorophotometry, the degree of disruption of the blood-vitreous barrier was studied in 16 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes with persistent cystoid macular edema (CME) and 11 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes without CME; postoperative periods ranged from 7 to 22 months in both groups. The rate of fluorescein penetration into the vitreous was determined within 30 minutes after intravenous injection. It represented the permeability of the blood-vitreous barrier and averaged 10.28 +/- 4.52 (SD) X 10(-6) min-1 in eyes with CME and 3.05 +/- 1.21 X 10(-6) min-1 in eyes without CME; the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.002, Student t-test). The peak fluorescein concentration in the mid-vitreous (Cv) was determined and the concentration of free fluorescein in the blood serum (Cs) at the corresponding time was also estimated: the Cs/Cv ratio represented the balance between the inward and outward transport of fluorescein across the blood-vitreous barrier. The Cs/Cv ratio was 7.91 +/- 2.94 in eyes with CME and 12.91 +/- 3.68 in eyes without CME: the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In 6 eyes with the Cs/Cv ration of 5.0-9.2 the condition of CME deteriorated or remained unchanged during the follow-up of 4-8 months, but in 4 eyes with the ratio of 9-14.2 CME showed an improvement during the same period. In 3 eyes with vitreous tug syndrome, anterior vitrectomy improved the ratio from an average of 4.8 to 17.4. It was concluded that a functional disturbance of the blood-vitreous barrier underlies the development of persistent CME.
Aged↗
Infant temperament, mother's mode of interaction, and attachment in Japan: an interim report.
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Anxiety, Separation↗
[Nine cases of bladder cancer occurring in occupational dye users].
Workers in the dye manufacturing industry have a high risk of urinary bladder cancer. There may also be a high relative risk of bladder cancer in occupational dye users. Nine occupational dye users were found to have bladder cancer. The period of engaging with dye work ranged from 5 to 40 years. Seven patients had bladder cancer and the other 2 patients had lesions both in the bladder and in the renal pelvis. Histopathology of all cases was transitional cell carcinoma. Three cases were classified into grade 1 and 6 cases into grade 2. One patient died of bladder cancer. The other 8 patients are alive. Four cases recurred after TUR therapy. It is necessary to establish systemic mass screening examination of occupational dye users for the early diagnosis of bladder cancer.
Aged↗
Abnormal urinalysis in acute appendicitis.
In a retrospective review of 32 consecutive patients (20 adults and 12 children) with acute appendicitis, we correlated abnormal urinalysis with the operative findings. Abnormal results on urinalysis were noted in 10 adults and 5 children. All urine specimens were collected by the clean-catch method. Abnormal findings were found more frequently in female patients. The majority of the patients with abnormal urinalysis had a ruptured or inflamed appendix in proximity to the urinary tract.
Acute Disease↗
Effect of intraocular lens fixation on the blood-aqueous barrier.
We used slit-lamp fluorophotometry to evaluate the influence of various intraocular lens fixation sites on the blood-aqueous barrier in 106 eyes. After an average follow-up period of 1.1 years, eyes with anterior chamber lenses with closed or rectangular loops had a significantly higher concentration of fluorescein than did eyes with other types of implants (P less than .1 to P less than .001). In eyes with posterior chamber lenses, those with ciliary sulcus fixation had a significantly higher concentration of fluorescein than did those with intracapsular fixation (P less than .02). Compared with aphakic eyes without implants, eyes with any implant other than posterior chamber lenses with intracapsular fixation had significantly higher fluorescein concentrations (P less than .02 to P less than .001). These results indicated that the flexibility and the intraocular location of the lens loops are significant factors in securing the integrity of the blood-aqueous barrier of pseudophakic eyes. Posterior chamber lenses with intracapsular fixation caused the least trauma to the blood-aqueous barrier.
Aged↗
Consensual reactions of human blood-aqueous barrier to implant operations.
Slit-lamp fluorophotometry was used to evaluate the disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier in eyes that underwent posterior chamber lens implantation following phacoemulsification and the consensual reaction of the barrier disruption in the contralateral eyes. Topical indomethacin or placebo was applied to surgically treated eyes to test the effect on the barrier disruption. Fluorophotometry was carried out before operation and 24 hours, one week, and four weeks after operation. In the surgically treated eyes, topical indomethacin effectively inhibited the disruption of the barrier during the first and fourth postoperative weeks; in the contralateral eyes it did not inhibit the reaction. The consensual reaction was observed in higher magnitude and frequency than expected. Its magnitude and frequency were higher during the first postoperative day than during the first or fourth postoperative weeks, but were proportional to the barrier disruption of the surgically treated eyes during the first postoperative day only.
Aged↗
Ocular fluorophotometry in patients with essential hypertension.
Ocular fluorophotometry (OFP) was performed on 38 normal subjects and 71 patients with essential hypertension who showed hypertensive retinal vascular change without hemorrhages and exudates. The average fluorescein concentration one hour after dye injection in the posterior vitreous and the anterior chamber of hypertensive patients was higher than that of normal controls. In patients who showed only minimal arteriosclerotic change or minimal arteriosclerotic plus minimal hypertensive change, at 60 minutes fluorescein values in the posterior vitreous and anterior chamber were at normotensive levels. Conversely, in patients who showed marked hypertensive change, the values were higher than in normal controls. Our results indicate that permeability may change in hypertensive patients even when no retinal hemorrhage and fluorescein leakage are observed by fluorescein fundus angiography, and OFP may contribute in quantification and grading of retinal vascular damage by hypertension.
Adult↗
Leydig cell hyperplasia in cryptorchid patients: quantitative evaluation of Leydig cells in undescended and contralateral scrotal testes.
Leydig cell number was evaluated quantitatively in testicular biopsies from post-pubertal cryptorchid patients and normal controls. For this quantitative evaluation we used the following method. This is based on the determination of the total number of Leydig cells, Leydig cell clusters and seminiferous tubules in the entire histologic sections of each biopsy and the determination of the following indices; mean Leydig cells per tubule, mean Leydig cell clusters per tubule and mean Leydig cells per cluster. In addition, the numbers of Sertoli cells were counted, and Leydig-Sertoli cell ratio was also determined. These indices were correlated with each other. All indices were significantly elevated not only in undescended but in contralateral scrotal testes of the cryptorchid patients in comparison to those in normal controls. Between undescended and descended scrotal testes of the same individual patients, those indices were significantly higher in the descended scrotal testes than in the undescended ones. Thus, Leydig cell hyperplasia was noted in the testes of post-pubertal cryptorchid patients, and was more prominent in the contralateral scrotal testes than in the undescended ones.
Adolescent↗
Indomethacin in the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema.
The author postulates that prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators synthesized in the ocular tissues during surgery play a role in the manifestation of postsurgical cystoid macular edema (CME). Thus, topical indomethacin was used before and shortly after intracapsular lens extraction and retinal detachment surgery, and was found to reduce the incidence of postoperative CME. Radioimmunoassay measurements of prostaglandins in subjects immediately after lens extraction and also in subjects with vitreous incarceration to anterior segments and persistent CME showed substantially elevated levels of prostaglandins. These findings indicate that inflammatory mediators including prostaglandins play a role in the manifestation of postsurgical CME. The factors that make CME chronic and the rationale for using vitrectomy in persistent CME are discussed in relation to the prostaglandin theory. This review primarily covers the author's previous studies.
Administration, Topical↗
[Statistical study on tumors of the urinary bladder--clinical and pathological aspects of 228 cases].
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Adult↗
Effects of dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5' cyclic monophosphate on the ultrastructure of rat ascites hepatoma cells and on the intracellular localization of alpha-fetoprotein.
The growth of rat ascites hepatoma cells (AH 66) in vitro was inhibited and the amount of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the culture medium was increased in the presence of dibutyryl adenosine 3'-5' cyclic monophosphate (DBc-AMP). Electronmicroscopically, AH 66 cells that had been incubated with DBc-AMP showed an increase in polysomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and some mitochondria appeared to be completely surrounded by RER. AFP in untreated cells was found to be localized on ribosomes of RER, free ribosomes and occasionally also on microvilli of cell membranes by electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical analysis. After DBc-AMP treatment, increased staining of AFP was identified on ribosomes of RER and microvilli of cell membranes as well as on nuclear membranes. These results suggest that DBc-AMP accelerates the production and release of AFP in cultured rat ascites hepatoma cells.
Animals↗
[Combination chemotherapy with multimodality approaches for small cell carcinoma of the lung].
Small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) is disseminated at the presentation in most patients. Chemotherapy is, therefore, the principal therapeutic modality in this disease. The application of aggressive combination chemotherapy has resulted in an improved survival for patients with SCCL. In an attempt to improve therapeutic results, the current study was undertaken to test a cyclic alternating chemotherapy with the four-drug combination of COMP and a three-drug combination of VP-16, adriamycin and ACNU (VAN), which appeared non-cross-resistant to the former. In this study, also included two randomized clinical trials to test the effectiveness of concomitant chest irradiation in patients with limited disease, and to test the validity of prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients achieved complete remission. In this paper, results of the studies were analysed and discussed.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
[A study of cryptorchidism. I. Light and electron microscopic study of Leydig's cells in the testes of cryptorchid patients].
A morphological study of the Leydig's cells in the testes of cryptorchid patients was made by light and electron microscopy. Seventy four unilateral and bilateral cryptorchids (aged 2 to 37 years) were selected for light microscopic observation, and 28 of these specimens were also examined by electron microscopy. In 5 cases of pre-pubertal and pubertal cryptorchids, tissue specimens were biopsied after 20,000 units of HCG had been given and examined similarly. In addition, Leydig's cell density was evaluated quantitatively in the undescended and contralateral scrotal testes of 12 post-pubertal patients. This was based on the determination of the total number of Leydig's cells, Leydig's cell clusters and seminiferous tubules in the entire histologic section of each biopsy and the calculation of the following indices; mean number of Leydig's cells per tubule, mean number of Leydig's cell clusters per tubule and mean number of Leydig's cells per cluster. In addition, the number of Sertoli's cells was counted, and the ratio of Leydig's cells to Sertoli's cells was also calculated. In the undescended testes, almost no mature Leydig's cells were found by light or electron microscopy during pre-pubertal periods; and, even in puberty they were few, while immature precursor Leydig's cells were abundant. In the 5 cases treated preoperatively with HCG, even at 5 years, mature Leydig's cells were observed by light and electron microscopy. On the contrary, after puberty, not only the undescended but also the contralateral scrotal testes of the cryptorchids had more mature Leydig's cells than the normal controls. This Leydig's cell hyperplasia was also confirmed by the quantitative analysis of Leydig's cell density. In the mature Leydig's cells of the undescended testes, however, the electron microscopic observation showed marked regressive changes, in cytology especially prominent depletion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and frequent occurrence of specific cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Such regressive changes as found in the cells of the undescended testes were not observed in the cells of the contralateral scrotal testes. Thus, the morphological alteration of Leydig's cells observed here suggest that the cells are in a dysfunctional condition and that the androgen production is consequently decreased in the undescended testes of cryptorchid patients.
Adolescent↗
[A study on cryptorchidism. II. Light and electron microscopic study of the seminiferous tubular wall in the testes of cryptorchid patients].
Morphological changes in the wall of the seminiferous tubules in the cryptorchid testes were studied using light and electron microscopy. Seventy four unilateral and bilateral cryptorchids (aged 2 to 37 years) were selected, and biopsied specimens were stained with H-E, Azan and Weigert for light microscopic observation. Twenty eight of these specimens were also examined by electron microscopy. In the undescended testes, light microscopy showed irregularity and thickening of the wall (tunica propria), and the thickened wall strongly reacted to the Azan stain. This thickening of the tunica propria was observed to begin at puberty, but was not found in the contralateral scrotal testes of the cryptorchids or in the normal testes. The wall of the normal adult testes was well stained by the Weigert stain, suggesting the presence of elastin. In the undescended testes, however, the wall was not stained in prepubertal or pubertal patients, and even after puberty the wall was stained much less than that in the contralateral scrotal testes and the normal controls. On electron microscopic observation, various ultrastructural changes were noticed in each component of the tubular wall; basement membrane, fibrous layer and cellular layer. In the undescended testes, the lamina densa of the basement membrane consisted of one layer with a serrated outer margin throughout the pre-pubertal and pubertal periods, while after puberty the lamina densa underwent marked multiple lamella formation and increased in thickness. In the fibrous layer was already noticed in the undescended testes of 5-year-old cryptorchids. The development of myoid cells in the cellular layer during puberty was observed to be delayed. The morphological changes occurring in the seminiferous tubular wall of the cryptorchid testes were believed to be related to the impaired spermatogenesis often found in cryptorchidism.
Adolescent↗