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Biomedical subjects

K Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Clinical evaluation of usefulness of cefixime (200 mg administered once daily) in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis].

A comparative study of cefixime (CFIX), a new oral cephem antibiotic, was carried out at the Department of Urology, Nagoya University Hospital and its four affiliated hospitals to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of CFIX, given either in twice daily doses (BID group) or once daily dose (UID group), in the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis. Forty six female patients (BID group) were administered the daily dose of 200 mg in two divided doses for 3 days, 30 female patients (UID group) were administered 200 mg once daily for 3 days. The clinical efficacy was evaluated in 33 cases from the BID group and in 22 cases from the UID group, respectively, according to the criteria recommended by the Japan UTI Committee. In the BID group, the clinical efficacy was evaluated as excellent in 18 cases, moderate in 13 and poor in 2, with an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 94%. In the UID group, it was evaluated as excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 12 and poor in 1, with an overall clinical effectiveness rate of 96%. Safety was monitored in 71 patients, and only one case of stomatitis was seen in the UID group. This findings suggest that 200 mg once daily dosing regimen of cefixime is as effective as 100 mg twice daily dosing regimen in treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis, and is well tolerated in terms of safety.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[DCC gene and leukemia].

The deleted in colorectal carcinomas (DCC) gene, located in human chromosome band 18q21, was identified as a potential tumor suppressor gene by Fearon et al. in 1990. The DCC gene encodes a protein which is highly similar to neural cell adhesion molecules and other related cell surface glycoproteins. In colorectal carcinoma, the expression of the DCC gene is reduced or absent in 88% of cases. We examined the expression of the DCC gene using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Its expression was reduced or absent in some leukemias. Our findings suggest the possibility that this gene may play a role in leukemogenesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

The effect of hypophysectomy on proluminal movement of 3H-androgens across the epididymal epithelium in the rat.

The effect of hypophysectomy on transepithelial movement of 3H-androgen in the rat epididymis was examined by using in vivo microperifusion of 3H-testosterone followed by in vivo micropuncture to obtain peritubular and intraluminal fluids. Experiments were performed on animals without hypophysectomy or on animals 5-6 days after hypophysectomy and 9-10 days after hypophysectomy. Tubules were perifused with Minimum Essential Medium containing 3H-testosterone. 14C-polyethyleneglycol was included in the perifusion fluid as a marker for contamination of the intraluminal fluid by peritubular fluid. Radioactivity of isotopes in the interstitial and intraluminal fluid was determined at 1 and 2 hours after perifusion and the percentage of peritubular isotopes appearing in the intraluminal fluid was determined. A sperm concentration microassay was performed on micropuncture samples from the epididymal tubules to assess testicular contribution to the lumen content. Proluminal movement of 3H-androgen and intratubular sperm concentrations in the caput epididymal tubules of rats 9-10 days after hypophysectomy were significantly decreased. Proluminal movement of 3H-androgen and intratubular sperm concentrations in the cauda epididymal tubules of rats 9-10 days after hypophysectomy were significantly increased. These results suggest that proluminal androgen movement is controlled by the presence of some testicular product in the epididymal lumen.

Androgens↗
PubMed1992

Beneficial effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate on brain regional energy metabolism after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism.

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the possible therapeutic effects of naftidrofuryl on energy metabolism of brain regions impaired for extended periods by microsphere embolism. Nine hundred microspheres (48 microns in diameter) were injected into the right internal carotid artery of rats, and changes in their behavior and energy metabolism of the cortex, striatum and hippocampus of both hemispheres were determined with and without naftidrofuryl treatment. Microsphere embolism induced increases in lactate, glucose and glycogen contents and decreases in ATP and creatine phosphate of these brain regions of the right hemisphere for up to 28 days after the operation, suggesting long-lasting cerebral ischemia or sustained damage to energy metabolism. These changes were gradually reversed with time after the operation. Microsphere-injected rats were treated twice a day with 15 mg/kg naftidrofuryl, and their behavioral and metabolic protection were determined on the 3rd, 5th and 28th days after the operation. Treatment of embolized animals with naftidrofuryl improved these variables appreciably on the 3rd and 28th days, but little on the 5th day. The improvement on the 3rd day was more evident in all brain regions monitored than that on the 28th day. The results suggest that naftidrofuryl exerts beneficial effects on the energy metabolism of brains damaged by microsphere embolism, the mechanism of which may be due to protection against the development of embolism-induced derangement.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1992

Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder: a case report.

We reported a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the bladder in a 78-year-old woman presenting with pollakisuria. She has remained well without any evidence of recurrence for 25 months after radical cystectomy. Microscopic examination revealed a composition almost exclusively of spindle and dedifferentiated cells, accompanied by only a few cells retaining epithelial features of differentiation. The latter cells were immunohistochemically positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). A concomitant carcinoma in situ was present in the adjacent mucosa. Immunohistochemical exploration with EMA proved useful for reinforcing the conventional histological diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Anterior lens capsulotomy using the holmium YAG laser in pig cadaver eyes.

Anterior lens capsulotomy was performed on pig cadaver eyes using the evaporation and coagulation functions of the holmium YAG laser. Laser energy ranging from 50 to 80 mJ was delivered to the lens-capsule surface by a 26-gauge fiber-optic quartz needle probe. In eight of 10 eyes, a tear-free, 4.0-millimeter-diameter circular capsulotomy was achieved, through which endocapsular phacoemulsification and aspiration were performed and a posterior chamber intraocular lens with a 6.5-millimeter-diameter optic was placed inside the lens capsule. Throughout the procedure, capsular integrity was maintained in all eight eyes, with no tearing at the capsular margin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Response of human urinary bladders to angiotensins: comparison between neurogenic and control bladders].

The response of the human detrusor muscle to angiotensins and the difference in contractility between neurogenic and control bladders were examined. Both angiotensin I and II induced potent contraction of the human detrusor muscle. In Ca-free Krebs' solution the contractile response to angiotensin II was abolished. However, verapamil and indomethacin suppressed it only slightly. Captopril blocked completely the response to angiotensin I, and saralasin inhibited completely the response to both angiotensin I and II. The contraction strength in response to both angiotensin I and II was significantly weaker in the neurogenic bladder than in the control. However, there was no difference in the value of ED50 between the two groups. These findings suggest that angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin converting enzyme at the detrusor, and that angiotensin II subsequently contracts the detrusor muscle through angiotensin II receptors. The contractility of the neurogenic bladder in response to angiotensin was significantly lower compared to that of the control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Free concentration and protein binding of ceftriaxone].

UNLABELLED: Ceftriaxone (CTRX) was administered in dose of 1 g 30 minutes intravenous drip infusion to 5 healthy volunteers. Cefpiramide (CPM) and cefotetan (CTT) were administered as control antibiotics. The serum concentrations of total and free drugs, using ultrafiltration, were assayed by bioassay and HPLC. Protein binding rates and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Free concentration of antibiotics were following orders in each sampling time: CTRX greater than CTT greater than CPM. Mean free concentrations of CTRX at 0 hour and at 8 hours after intravenous drip infusion was more than 20 micrograms/ml and more than 2 micrograms/ml. Even at 24 hours after intravenous drip infusion free concentrations of CTRX were detectable. Mean half life in beta phase by HPLC was following orders: CTRX (7.5 hours) greater than CPM (5.4 hours) greater than CTT (4.7 hours). Mean protein binding rates were following orders: CPM (98%) greater than CTT (94%) greater than CTRX (92%). CONCLUSIONS: Characteristic of CTRX is high free drug concentration and long half life.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

A possible correlation between the type of bcr-abl hybrid messenger RNA and platelet count in Philadelphia-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia.

The Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome, in which the hybrid bcr-abl gene is formed, is thought to be the initial event in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The position of the breakpoint within the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on Ph1 chromosome and the splicing pattern determine the species of the fused bcr-abl messenger RNA (mRNA). We tried to detect the two types of fused mRNAs in 57 chronic-phase cases of Ph1-positive CML using the polymerase chain reaction procedure (RT-PCR). The bcr exon 2/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b2-a2) was detected in 17 patients, the bcr exon 3/abl exon 2 fused mRNA (b3-a2) was detected in 34 patients, and both types of mRNA were detected in six patients. The platelet counts of patients who expressed b3-a2 mRNA or both types were significantly higher than those of patients who expressed only b2-a2 (841.5 v 373.5 x 10(9)/L; P less than .015), although there was no significant difference in the white blood cell counts or hemoglobin. This finding suggests a possibility that the type of bcr-abl mRNA may affect the thrombopoietic activity in CML.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Alterations in cardiac function and subcellular membrane activities after hypervitaminosis D3.

The present study was designed to induce massive accumulation of calcium in the myocardium and to evaluate the effect of calcium overload on myocardial contractile function and biochemical activity of cardiac subcellular membranes. Rats were treated with an oral administration of 500,000 units/kg of vitamin D3 for 3 consecutive days, and their hearts were sampled on the 5th day for biochemical analysis. On the 4th and 5th days, heart rate, mean aortic pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular dP/dt were significantly lowered in vitamin D3-treated rats, demonstrating the existence of appreciable myocardial contractile dysfunction. Marked increases in the myocardial calcium (67-fold increase) and mitochondrial calcium contents (24-fold increase) were observed by hypervitaminosis D3. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity were significantly reduced by this treatment. A decline in sarcolemmal Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity was also observed, while relatively minor or insignificant changes in calcium uptake and ATPase activities of sarcoplasmic reticulum were detectable. Electron microscopic examination revealed calcium deposits in the mitochondria after vitamin D3 treatment. The results suggest that hypervitaminosis D3 produces massive accumulation of calcium in the myocardium, particularly in the cardiac mitochondrial membrane, which may induce an impairment in the mitochondrial function and eventually may lead to a failure in the cardiac contractile function.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1991

Sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human 28 kDa calbindin-D.

A sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay for human 28 kDa vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein (calbindin-D) was established with a sensitivity of 1 pg/tube. Antisera were generated in rabbits injected with highly purified human kidney calbindin-D, and specific antibodies to calbindin-D were purified by the use of a column of calbindin-D-coupled Sepharose. The purified antibodies showed a single band at the position corresponding to calbindin-D on an immunoblotting test with a crude extract of human kidney. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized F(ab')2 antibodies and the same antibodies labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The assay was specific to 28 kDa calbindin-D, showing no cross-reactivity with other calcium binding proteins such as S-100a0 (alpha alpha), S-100b (beta beta), parvalbumin and calmodulin. The assay was also reproducible (coefficients of variation between assays were less than 10%). With the present method, immunoreactive calbindin-D could be detected in various human tissues, with major concentrations in kidney and brain. The values for immunoreactive calbindin-D in various body fluids of healthy subjects varied from undetectable in serum and semen to 3.8 +/- 2.0 (SD) micrograms/g creatinine in urine and 2.9 +/- 0.8 (SD) micrograms/l in cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemically, the calbindin-D in human kidney was localized in epithelial cells of distal tubules.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Role of a thymic stromal cell clone in inducing the stage-specific differentiation of various subpopulations of double negative thymocytes.

The monolayer of a thymic stromal cell clone termed MRL104.8a induced the differentiation of adult double negative (DN) thymocytes (CD3-4-8-) through a CD3-4-8+ intermediate into CD3- (or dull) 4+8+ stages. DN thymocytes were separated into three subpopulations depending on their cell-surface expression of Pgp-1 and IL-2R, namely, Pgp-1+IL-2R-, Pgp-1-IL-2R+, and Pgp-1-IL-2R-. The present study investigated the requirements of the MRL104.8a monolayer for inducing the differentiation of these DN thymocyte subpopulations. The following were revealed: i) the MRL104.8a monolayer failed to induce the differentiation of a Pgp-1+IL-2R- subpopulation; ii) whereas a Pgp-1-IL-2R+ subpopulation did not express either CD4 or CD8 Ag when cultured in medium, culturing this subpopulation on the thymic stromal cell monolayers resulted in the expression of CD8 but not CD4 Ag; and iii) a Pgp-1-IL-2R- DN subpopulation obtained through less extensive treatments with anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 antibodies in the presence of C before sorting procedures spontaneously differentiated into double positive cells in medium. In contrast, most of DN cells with the same phenotype obtained through extensive anti-CD4 and -CD8 treatments before sorting failed to express CD4 and/or CD8 Ag in medium but could differentiate through a CD3-4-8+ into more mature stages only when they were cultured on the thymic stromal monolayer. These results indicate differential requirements of thymic stromal cells for the differentiation of various DN subpopulations with qualitatively distinct phenotypes and different magnitudes (very low vs almost zero levels) of CD4/CD8 expression.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Siiyama (serine 53 (TCC) to phenylalanine 53 (TTC)). A new alpha 1-antitrypsin-deficient variant with mutation on a predicted conserved residue of the serpin backbone.

alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT), a plasma serine protease inhibitor, increases the risk of precocious pulmonary emphysema in individuals when deficient. Although more than 25 years have passed since a deficiency in the serum level of alpha 1AT was reported, it is only recently that the consequence of the amino acid replacement which leads to the deficient state has been discussed in terms of the crystallographic structure of alpha 1AT and the amino acid residues conserved in the superfamily to which it belongs. Our case involved a 38-year-old Japanese male with alpha 1AT deficiency which was analyzed and identified as a new deficient variant. The serum alpha 1AT of the proband migrated to the S position of the reference serum which is more cathodal than M1, the predominant normal variant, when isoelectric focusing (pH 4.2-4.9) is performed by a combination of Western blotting and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The new deficient variant is designated as Siiyama after his birthplace. Although liver biopsy specimen showed no apparent pathological findings, PAS-positive with diastase-resistant inclusion bodies and immunoreactive aggregates were detected in several hepatocytes. In addition, similar alpha 1AT mRNA transcript levels were observed in peripheral blood leukocytes from the proband and healthy subjects by Northern analysis. All the coding exons (exon Ic, II, III, IV, and V) of the alpha 1AT gene of the proband and his family were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and followed by direct sequencing. A single missense mutation, Ser53 (TCC) to Phe53 (TTC was identified in exon II of the proband's alpha 1AT gene. All his family examined were heterozygous at this base. Ser53 is one of the most conserved residues as predicted by Huber and Carrell (Huber, R., and Carrell, R. W. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 8951-8966) and is thought to contribute to the organization of the internal core element of the alpha 1AT molecule. The mutational matrix number of Ser to Phe substitution is -3, indicating that this change is evolutionally rare. In this regard, a possible explanation for the deficient state in alpha 1AT Siiyama is that the change from an uncharged polar to a nonpolar amino acid imposed on the conserved serpin backbone exerts severe effects on the integrity of the molecule, and hence alters the intracellular processing of alpha 1AT.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for a role of the integrin VLA-4 in lympho-hemopoiesis.

Adhesion molecules are probably required for retention of maturing lymphocyte precursors in bone marrow, where they closely interact with and are dependent on stromal cells. Lymphomyeloid cell lines avidly adhere to cloned stromal cell lines in culture and screening pairs of these resulted in a selection strategy for a new monoclonal antibody to a leukocyte adhesion molecule. Immunoprecipitation analyses and comparison to a previously described antibody showed that it recognizes the alpha 4 chain of the integrin, VLA-4. This antibody totally inhibited lymphopoiesis and retarded myelopoiesis in long-term bone marrow cultures. A similar selection strategy resulted in two additional antibodies which define a single 100-kD species on stromal cells. This stromal cell adhesion molecule is a potential counter-receptor/ligand for VLA-4 on murine lympho-myeloid cells. Our findings suggest a new role for VLA-4 in lymphoid progenitor-microenvironment interactions. Recognition molecules that function in cell migration and inflammation in peripheral tissues may be important for steady-state lymphopoiesis within bone marrow.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Characterization of autoantibody-secreting B cells in mice undergoing stimulatory (chronic) graft-versus-host reactions. Identification of a CD44hi population that binds specifically to hyaluronate.

This study was undertaken to identify and isolate the pathophysiologically important B cell subpopulation which is activated to Ig secretion and autoantibody production in stimulatory (chronic) graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions. We recently demonstrated that IL-5 stimulation in vitro induces the appearance of a distinct CD44hi Ialow CD45Rlow B cell subpopulation that has aquired the ability to bind to hyaluronate (HA), one of the ligands for CD44, and that this B cell subpopulation is enriched in both proliferative and Ig-secretory responses. In the present report, CD44 expression was examined in B cells which were activated in the course of stimulatory GVH reactions. Compared with normal mice, B cells from mice undergoing stimulatory GVH reactions contained a novel CD44hi B cell subpopulation which exhibited enhanced binding to HA. The CD44hi HA-adherent B cell subpopulation from GVH mice spontaneously secreted large amounts of Ig, particularly IgG, including autoantibody specific for ssDNA. These findings demonstrate that CD44 expression distinguishes those B cells that are activated in vivo in the course of GVH to proliferate and differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. These CD44hi, HA-adherent, cells may play a prominent role in the hypergammaglobulinemia and immune complex glomerulonephritis that occur during chronic GVH reactions.

Animals↗