Experimental study of color degree of freedom of gluons in e+e- annihilation at sqrt s around 60 GeV.
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Journal Article↗
Biomedical subjects
K Miyake
Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.
Pharmacokinetics of maprotiline and its demethylated metabolite in serum and specific brain regions of rats after acute and chronic administration of maprotiline.
The concentrations of maprotiline (MAP) and its demethylated metabolite desmethylmaprotiline (DMAP) in the serum and specific brain regions were determined periodically after acute or chronic administration of 20 mg/kg of MAP in rats. MAP was eliminated in a biexponential manner from the serum and monoexponentially from the brain. The DMAP declined monoexponentially from the serum and brain regions. No significant difference was observed in elimination among the eight brain regions examined. In the brain, MAP distributed unevenly after chronic administration, whereas DMAP showed an even distribution. In the acute administration, the AUCbrain: AUCserum ratio of MAP was similar to that of DMAP, and the AUCDMAP: AUCMAP ratio in the serum was almost equal to that in the brain, indicating equivalent ability of MAP and DMAP to penetrate into the brain. After chronic administration, the AUCDMAP value in the serum increased 4.1 times, whereas no marked change was observed for MAP. There was no evidence of enhanced N-demethylation activity from in vitro metabolism study, suggesting that the enhanced AUCDMAP value was not attributable to the enhancement of drug metabolizing activity. Although the AUCMAP value in the brain, as well as in the serum, increased slightly, the AUCDMAP in the brain increased 2.3 times, showing less increase than that in the serum. These findings suggest inhibited distribution of DMAP into tissue, including brain regions, after chronic administration. The pharmacokinetics of the demethylated metabolite DMAP is affected more than that of MAP by chronic administration of MAP.
Animals↗
Functional role of CD44 (Pgp-1) on activated B cells.
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Animals↗
An immunochemical and immunohistochemical study of aldolase isozymes in renal cell carcinoma.
To assess changes in aldolase isozyme patterns (A, B, and C) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and to evaluate whether serum aldolase A might be a useful marker for RCC, quantitative analysis by enzyme immunoassay and immunohistochemical localization were performed. Concentrations of aldolase A in RCC (7300 +/- 6300 ng./mg. protein n = 26) were significantly higher than those of normal cortex (720 +/- 410 ng./mg. protein, n = 14, p less than 0.01); concentrations of aldolase C in RCC (48.0 +/- 8.0 ng./mg. protein) were also significantly higher than those of normal cortex (8.7 +/- 4.7 ng./mg. protein, p less than 0.01). On the other hand, concentrations of aldolase B in normal cortex were 18,100 +/- 10,100 ng./mg. protein (n = 14), whereas the values in RCC were only 130 +/- 270 ng./mg. protein, a significant lowering (p less than 0.01). Immunohistochemically, aldolases A and C were found localized in all RCC tissues (n = 10); aldolase B was faintly stained in only a few tumor cells of two cases (20%). Levels of serum aldolase A were elevated (greater than 300 ng./ml.) in 30 (75%) of 40 patients with RCC as compared to three (6.3%) of 48 individuals with urogenital benign diseases and in seven (21%) of 34 cases with non-RCC urogenital malignancies. Since it is generally accepted that RCC are derived from renal proximal tubules, these findings indicate that aldolase B, the predominant isozyme in the normal case, changes into aldolases A and C during carcinogenesis and that serum aldolase A could be a new useful biomarker for RCC.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
Staining of zonules during posterior chamber lens implantation in a cadaver eye model.
A cadaver eye model was used to study the effects of extracapsular lens removal and implantation on the zonules and capsule. Five staining solutions were instilled in the posterior and anterior chambers of human cadaver eyes and washed out three to five minutes later. Gomori's chrom hematoxylin-eosin most clearly revealed the zonules. Three eyes stained in this way had lens removal (including the continuous circular capsulorhexis technique for anterior capsulectomy) and intraocular lens implantation. The effects of the surgery on the zonules and capsule were clearly visualized and appeared quite satisfactory. This staining technique may prove useful in other cadaver eye models.
Cataract Extraction↗
Cross-channel effects of vocal and physical attractiveness and their implications for interpersonal perception.
Judges' ratings of senders' vocal attractiveness from face-plus-voice (F+V) cues were influenced by senders' physical attractiveness, and ratings of senders' physical attractiveness from F+V cues were influenced by senders' vocal attractiveness. This occurred even when judges were warned not to pay attention to face when rating vocal attractiveness and not to pay attention to voice when rating physical attractiveness. Instructions to judge attractiveness without being told which channel to attend to resulted in ratings influenced by both vocal and physical attractiveness of senders. Because of cross-channel effects, F+V attractiveness ratings should be more highly related to F+V personality impressions than attractiveness ratings based on only face or only voice. The results supported this hypothesis. Implications of cross-channel effects for research on the attractiveness stereotype were discussed.
Esthetics↗
A VCAM-like adhesion molecule on murine bone marrow stromal cells mediates binding of lymphocyte precursors in culture.
Two new mAbs (M/K-1 and M/K-2) define an adhesion molecule expressed on stromal cell clones derived from murine bone marrow. The protein is similar in size to a human endothelial cell adhesion molecule known as VCAM-1 or INCAM110. VCAM-1 is expressed on endothelial cells in inflammatory sites and recognized by the integrin VLA-4 expressed on lymphocytes and monocytes. The new stromal cell molecule is a candidate ligand for the VLA-4 expressed on immature B lineage lymphocytes and a possible homologue of human VCAM-1. We now report additional similarities in the distribution, structure, and function of these proteins. The M/K antibodies detected large cells in normal bone marrow, as well as rare cells in other tissues. The antigen was constitutively expressed and functioned as a cell adhesion molecule on cultured murine endothelial cells. It correlated with the presence of mRNA which hybridized to a human VCAM-1 cDNA probe. Partial NH2 terminal amino acid sequencing of the murine protein revealed similarities to VCAM-1 and attachment of human lymphoma cells to murine endothelial cell lines was inhibited by the M/K antibodies. All of these observations suggest that the murine and human cell adhesion proteins may be related. The antibodies selectively interfered with B lymphocyte formation when included in long term bone marrow cultures. Moreover, they caused rapid detachment of lymphocytes from the adherent layer when added to preestablished cultures. The VCAM-like cell adhesion molecule on stromal cells and VLA-4 on lymphocyte precursors may both be important for B lymphocyte formation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Naturally occurring anti-interferon-alpha 2a antibodies in patients with acute viral hepatitis.
The occurrence of antibodies against recombinant human interferon-alpha 2a (IFN-alpha 2a) in patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH) was examined by ELISA. Naturally occurring IgG anti-IFN-alpha 2a were found in 50% of patients with type A, 50% of those with type B and in 8.3% of those with non-A, non-B AVH. The corresponding frequencies of IgM antibodies were 80%, 30% and 33.3%, respectively. IgM anti-IFN-alpha 2a were found more frequently in patients with AVH type A than in normal control subjects (P less than 0.01). Anti-IFN-alpha 2a were detectable at the highest frequency 3 weeks after acute onset and then became negative. An absorption experiment revealed that IgM anti-IFN-alpha 2a did not cross-react with recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed the binding of antibodies to IFN-alpha 2a. Sera positive for IgG and/or IgM anti-IFN-alpha 2a were unable to neutralize IFN-alpha 2a. The appearance of anti-IFN-alpha 2a was not correlated with disease severity. There was no evidence to suggest that anti-IFN-alpha 2a impaired the elimination of hepatitis virus. This is the first study to demonstrate the occurrence of anti-IFN-alpha 2a in patients with AVH. Detection of anti-IFN-alpha 2a may be useful for clarifying any underlying immune events in various diseases.
Acute Disease↗
Stromal-cell and cytokine-dependent lymphocyte clones which span the pre-B- to B-cell transition.
Five stromal-cell-dependent lymphocyte clones are described that correspond to late pre-B or early B-cell stages of differentiation. They are useful for determining the molecular requirements for pre-B replication, for studying the stromal cells that supply those factors, and for delineating the final sequence of differentiation events as newly formed lymphocytes prepare to exit the bone marrow. The efficiency of lymphocyte growth at limiting dilution varied substantially on different stromal-cell clones and may reflect functional heterogeneity of stromal cells. Most lymphocyte clones were similar to uncloned lymphocytes from Whitlock-Witte cultures in that they responded only transiently to interleukin-7 (IL-7) and then died, unless maintained on a stromal-cell clone. One unusual lymphocyte clone (2E8) was propagated for more than 1 year in IL-7 alone and was selectively responsive to that cytokine. Most of the lymphocyte clones were not tumorigenic in immunodeficient mice. However, one pre-B clone (1A9) grew autonomously in culture when held at high density, responded to conditioned medium from a number of cell lines, and was tumorigenic. Tumors derived from this clone were infiltrated by stromal cells and lymphocytes taken from the tumors' retained characteristics of the original clone. Ly-6 antigens were inducible on 2E8 and 1A9 cells, but the lymphocytes were otherwise arrested in differentiation. The 2E8 cells had rearranged and expressed kappa light-chain genes but displayed them on the surface along with surrogate light chains and mu heavy chains. Thus, expression of authentic light chain need not coincide with termination of surrogate light-chain utilization in newly formed B cells. Several glycoproteins have recently been demonstrated to be associated with surface immunoglobulin (Ig) on mature B-lineage cells and plasma-cell tumors. We now show that one member of this family (approximately 33 kD) was associated with the mu+surrogate light-chain complex on the 1A9 pre-B-cell clone. When compared to mature B lymphomas, fewer bands coprecipitated with the surface-labeled Ig isolated from pre-B- and early B-cell lines, suggesting that components of the antigen receptor are sequentially acquired during development. The normal replication and differentiation of pre-B cells is probably regulated by complex interactions with multiple cytokines and matrix components of the marrow microenvironment. Cloned lymphocyte lines that are dependent on stromal cells should continue to be important tools for molecular definition of those interactions.
Animals↗
Identification of collagens in the human testis.
SDS-PAGE of pepsin-solubilized collagens obtained from testes of elderly men revealed types I, III, V, and VI but not type IV. The total collagen content was 21.3 +/- 1.96% (mean +/- SD) as determined by hydroxyproline assay. The ratio for the pepsin-soluble fraction was 7.98 +/- 3.27%, i.e. very low as compared with other tissues. Type I collagen was determined by SDS-PAGE of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the pepsin-insoluble residue.
Aged↗
Benign mixed mesenchymal tumor of the spermatic cord.
We report a case of benign mixed mesenchymal tumor consisting of spindle cells and an area involving osseous elements. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed the spindle tumor cells to express vimentin and the alpha-subunit of S100 protein, but no staining for other specific antigens. The findings thus suggest that the spindle tumor cells are undifferentiated in nature and derived from mesenchyma, the osseous component being interpreted as evidence of a specific differentiation.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
In vitro intravesical instillation of anticholinergic, antispasmodic and calcium blocking agents to decrease bladder contractility.
We investigated the effect of intravesical administration of atropine, oxybutynin, verapamil, diltiazem, and imipramine on pressure responses of the rabbit in vitro whole bladder model. All drugs investigated suppressed the pressure responses to field stimulation and bethanechol in a time-dependent manner (maximum inhibition at 90-120 min). Atropine and oxybutynin suppressed the contractile response to bethanechol to a much greater extent than that to field stimulation. These results suggest that the use of self-intravesical instillation might be a good therapeutic approach for patients with detrusor hyperreflexia, especially those who are already managed by intermittent catheterization.
Administration, Intravesical↗
Bladder compliance in myelodysplastic children: does antireflux surgery compromise it?
We studied the impact of antireflux surgery on bladder compliance, which was an important clinical parameter in terms of urinary incontinence and upper tract deterioration, in 20 myelodysplastics (group A). For control groups, 31 myelodysplastic children with or without reflux who were conservatively treated (group B) and 19 non-myelodysplastics who were operated on for primary reflux were investigated. The follow-up period averaged 87 months for group A and 86 months for group B. Initial bladder compliance in group A (5.1 +/- 3.7 ml/cm H2O) and group B (5.9 +/- 4.9 ml/cm H2O) was significantly lower than that in nonmyelodysplastics (29.6 +/- 23.1 ml/cm H2O) (p less than 0.01). Antireflux surgery prevented a significant elevation of bladder compliance in group A (6.9 +/- 5.5 ml/cm H2O), while an increase of bladder compliance was significant in group B (10.7 +/- 8.1 ml/cm H2O) (p less than 0.01). In the nonmyelodysplastic group, bladder compliance slightly decreased postoperatively but remained well within the normal range (26.3 +/- 12.0 ml/cm H2O). There was significant correlation between bladder compliance and bladder trabeculation (p less than 0.01), i.e. the higher the bladder compliance, the more normal-appearing the cystogram. We propose a bladder compliance of 10.0 ml/cm H2O as the lower limit of the normal range. Analysis of the present data has led to the hypothesis that any surgical intervention on or around the urinary bladder will result in a low compliance in myelodysplastic patients. We have found, on the other hand, that those who have a normal cystogram, a large bladder capacity, absence of symptomatic urinary infection, and normal renal function before antireflux surgery have a good chance of obtaining the compliant detrusor muscle postoperatively.
Child↗
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. I. Synthesis and inotropic activity of new 5-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl-2(1H)-pyridinone derivatives.
A series of 1,2-dihydro-5-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl-2(1H)-pyridonones was synthesized and evaluated for positive inotropic activity, 1,2-Dihydro-5-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-6-yl-6-methyl-2- oxo-3-pyridinecarbonitrile (11a) hydrochloride monohydrate (E-1020) was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase III and a long-acting, potent, orally active positive inotropic agent. Additional imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl (3a), -3-yl (16), -7-yl (20) and -8-yl (24a) compounds were also prepared. Altering the pyridine substitution from the 2-position to the 6-position produced a 2-fold increase in the i.v. cardiotonic potency (ED50) from 52 to 23 micrograms/kg, while substitution at the 3-, 7- or 8-position reduced potency. In the 2-positional isomers, introduction of halogen groups enhanced the activity and 3-chloro-1,2-dihydro-5-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a] pyridin-2-yl)-6-methyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (3u) was the most potent (i.v. ED50 11 micrograms/kg) in this series. E-1020 is presently under development for the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Animals↗
Time course of changes in brain energy metabolism of the rat after microsphere-induced cerebral embolism.
The present study was designed to elucidate pathophysiological changes in the brain energy metabolism after cerebral ischemia. Cerebral ischemia was induced in rats by administering microspheres into the right carotid canal, and the time course of changes in cerebral energy metabolism was examined up to the 7th day after the operation. Approximately 50% of the operated rats revealed typical symptoms of stroke. In the right hemisphere, cerebral ATP and creatine phosphate of the rat on the 1st to 7th day were greatly reduced by the microsphere-induced cerebral embolism (maximally 52 and 61%, respectively), whereas the tissue lactate level was increased on the 1st, 3rd and 5th day after the embolism (maximally 125%), suggesting an induction of microsphere-induced cerebral ischemia. These changes in the tissue metabolites were accompanied by a decrease in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation measured in the presence of succinate. A similar trend in the changes of biochemical markers was observed in the left hemisphere, but to a lesser degree or to an insignificant degree. The pathophysiological alterations in behavior and cerebral metabolism of microsphere-injected rats tended to return toward the normal levels on the 7th day after the operation. The results provided information on a useful model for therapeutic studies of anti-ischemic agents in the brain.
Adenosine Triphosphate↗
[The effects of prenatal triphenyltin exposure on learning and development in the rat].
The toxicity of prenatal triphenyltin (TPT) exposure was studied in THA rats. Doses of 0 (control), 4 or 8 mg/kg/day of TPT were administered to pregnant rats from day 6 to day 20 of gestation by gastric intubation. In dams, the body weight of the 8 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that of control group, and 2 of 4 rats died on the expected day of delivery. In offspring, little effect of TPT on body weight, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, surface righting, cliff avoidance, pivoting and negative geotaxis was found in either the 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg groups. In the Sidman avoidance test, the avoidance rate of the TPT groups was lower than that of the control group, and significant differences were found in the female groups. In a reversed test on the water E-maze test, the swimming time to the goal and the number of errors were increased in the TPT groups. These results suggest that prenatal TPT administration disrupts the learning acquisition of rats.
Animals↗
[Studies on detection of serum IgA and IgG antibodies specific for Chlamydia trachomatis in latent infections in males].
We determined the serum concentrations of IgA and IgG antibodies specific for Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) by an indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPAzyme kit, Savyon Diagnostics, Ltd., Bee, Shova, Israel) to evaluate their diagnostic significance in latent infections in males. Forty-five asymptomatic males whose wife or partner was suspected to be infected with C. trachomatis were studied and the incidence of serum IgA (titer greater than or equal to 16) and IgG (titer greater than or equal to 64) antibodies for C. trachomatis was compared with that in a healthy group, a group with non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) patients. Changes in IgA titer during treatment were also examined. The incidence of IgA and IgG antibodies in the healthy group was found to be 2.4% and 11.9% in males, and 4.8% and 18.1% in females, respectively. In patients whose wife or partner who was positive to C. trachomatis, the incidence of IgA and IgG antibodies was 42.2% and 75.6%, respectively. In the NGU patients the incidence of IgA and IgG antibodies was 56.3% and 62.5%, respectively. The incidence of IgA and IgG antibodies in patients whose wife or partner was antibody-positive were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than the corresponding value in healthy men and women, but there was no significant difference from NGU patients or the elderly group. The IgA antibody titer during treatment of C. trachomatis infection showed no reduction in some cases. This study revealed frequent latent incidence of C. trachomatis infection in male patients. Determination of C. trachomatis IgA and IgG antibodies is considered to be supplemental for diagnosis of chlamydial latent infections.
Adult↗
[S100a0 protein and creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B & CK-M) in serum and urine might be useful markers for non specific tissue damages by extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)].
In order to demonstrate that the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for urolithiasis causes a renal damage, we immunoassayed S100a0 protein and creatine kinase isozymes (CK-B & CK-M) in the serum and urine from patients with renal stone (N = 21) and those with ureteral stone (N = 18) before and after ESWL. S100a0 protein and CK-B, which are localized in the proximal renal tubules at relatively high concentrations, were enhanced more or less both in the urine and serum samples after the treatment in both groups of patients. Since CK-M, which is mainly localized in muscle tissue, also increased in both groups of patients, S100a0 protein and CK-B may be derived not only from kidney, but also from muscle tissues.
Adult↗