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Biomedical subjects

K Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Factors influencing serum concentration of zonisamide in epileptic patients.

The relationship between daily dose and serum concentration of zonisamide (ZNS) and the effects of patient age on the serum level/dose (L/D) ratio for ZNS were studied in epileptic patients (mean age +/- S.D. = 10.6 +/- 6.2 years) who chronically received ZNS. The influence of phenytoin (PHT), phenobarbital (PB), carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproic acid (VPA) on the serum protein binding of ZNS in vitro and the correlation between total and unbound serum levels of ZNS in patients were also examined. Significant correlations were obtained between daily dose per body weight or per body surface area and serum level of ZNS. The correlation coefficient of the latter was higher than that of the former. There was no effect of age on the L/D ratio on the basis of body surface area, whereas that on the basis of body weight increased significantly with age. No significant increase in the free fraction of ZNS was observed in the presence of PHT, PB and CBZ except VPA in vitro. There were significant correlations between total and unbound serum levels of ZNS in the two patient groups coadministered with and without VPA. Although the free fraction of ZNS in the former was significantly higher than that of the latter, the increase was small. These results suggest that dosage regimens on the basis of body surface area would be more accurate than those on a body weight basis and that there is little effect of other antiepileptics on the serum protein binding of ZNS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Effect of long-term H2-blocker treatment on carbonic anhydrase in rat gastroduodenal mucosa].

Famotidine, one of the histamine H2-receptor antagonists (H2-blockers), contains a sulfamoylamidine group. The sulfamoylamidine group contains a residue which is structurally similar to the sulfonamide group. This group is known to have a carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory action. In the present study, it was confirmed that famotidine inhibited CA activity in vitro whereas cimetidine and ranitidine which lack sulfonamide-like residues did not. Considering these characteristics of the H2-blockers, the effects of long-term administration of the H2-blockers on CA activity in gastric and duodenal mucosa were examined using the H2-blockers with or without CA-inhibiting action. After male adult Wistar rats were treated for 4 weeks with famotidine (1.6 mg/kg/day; F group) or cimetidine (32 mg/kg/day; C group), CA activity in the mucosa from the antrum, fundus or duodenum was measured on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th or 21st day after the last administration. In spite of CA inhibitory action of famotidine in vitro, CA activity was not lower in the mucosal preparations from F group than in those from C group. Although CA activity in the duodenal mucosa was not significantly different from that in the control, CA activity in the gastric mucosa of both C and F groups clearly showed a decreasing tendency. These results suggest that long-term treatment with H2-blockers might diminish mucosal protection efficacy through mechanisms other than the direct CA inhibitory action.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A new variant of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (Siiyama) associated with pulmonary emphysema.

A 38-year-old male with pulmonary emphysema due to severely reduced serum alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) level (14.5 mg/dl) was found to have an inherited new AAT deficient variant Siiyama. Chest roentgenogram and CT scanning revealed advanced emphysema, and severe obstructive ventilatory impairment was observed. During the 4-year follow-up period, the annual rate of decline of FEV 1.0 showed approximately 10-fold greater than the normal decline in FEV 1.0 (-380 ml/yr). Treatment with tamoxifen in order to raise the serum AAT level only resulted in an insufficient increase. Augmentation therapy of human AAT should be considered in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Effects of brain natriuretic peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide infusion on urine flow and jejunal absorption in anesthetized dogs.

Effects of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) or C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) on urinary excretion and jejunal absorption of fluid and electrolytes were examined in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous infusion of BNP increased urinary fluid and electrolyte excretion and decreased jejunal fluid and electrolyte absorption. CNP had a similar effect on jejunal absorption as BNP. However, CNP had no significant effect on renal fluid or electrolyte excretion. These results indicate that: 1) BNP is a powerful natriuretic peptide comparable to ANP and; 2) CNP may also contribute to the regulation of body fluid homeostasis by way of inhibiting net jejunal fluid and electrolyte absorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Effects of magnesium ions on the contraction of the rat detrusor muscle].

Effects of magnesium (Mg) ions on the contraction of the rat detrusor muscle induced by intramural nerve stimulation were investigated in vitro. 1. Frequency-response curve demonstrated that contractile responses increased in magnesium-free Krebs' solution and decreased in high magnesium solution (MgCl2 5 mM) in comparison with those in normal Krebs' solution. 2. When MgCl2 was added into an organ bath with cumulative way, the magnitude of detrusor contraction decreased dose-dependently. The contractile response was completely abolished by 30 mM MgCl2. 3. Mg ions suppressed the detrusor contraction induced by a high KCl concentration. 4. The effect of Mg ions on the detrusor contraction was enhanced by verapamil but was inhibited by Bay-K8644. 5. Procaine agonized the effect of Mg ions on the detrusor contraction. On the other hand, caffeine did not modify the effect of Mg ions. These results suggest that Mg ions seem to play an inhibitory role on 2 types of Ca-channels existing on the cell membrane and to inhibit release of Ca ions from the intracellular deposit.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Pelvic floor muscle training as treatment of stress incontinence. The effectiveness of vaginal cones].

Pelvic floor muscle training is the mainstream of the non-operative treatment for female stress urinary incontinence. However, in order to make this method effective, it is mandatory to learn how to correctly contract pelvic floor muscles. Thirty adult women suffering from mild stress incontinence were instructed to train their pelvic muscles using vaginal cones. They retained cones of increasing weight in the vagina by contracting pelvic floor for 15 minutes twice a day. Twenty-seven of 30 (90%) patients could complete the training in five weeks. Both incidence and degree of incontinence decreased significantly after the training. The subjective improvement rate (incontinence cured or decreased by 50%) was 70%. The cone weights which they could hold over one minute and the voluntary pelvic floor contractions measured with the perineometer increased significantly, which indicated strengthening of pelvic floor muscles. Vaginal cones have a shape similar to tampons and are accepted by Japanese women with little psychological resistance. This device helps the patients to understand how to contract pelvic floor muscles and to motivate them to continue training, thus contributing for the treatment of stress incontinence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Results in treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly].

The diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence in the elderly out-clinic patients were reviewed. Sixty-three patients (24 males and 39 females) over 60 years old, who consulted our clinic complaining urinary incontinence, were subjected to the present study. The patients' ages ranged from 60 to 91, with the mean age of 72.9 years old. The types of the incontinence were urge in 44 cases (69.8%), stress in 10 (15.9%), outflow in 5 (7.9%) and mixture of urge and stress in 4 (6.4%). Urge incontinence resulted from unstable bladder in 63.6% and from neurogenic bladder (overactive detrusor) in 36.4%. Cerebrovascular diseases were the most common cause of the neurogenic bladder. Fifty-four patients (85.7%) were out-patients and 9 (14.3%) were hospitalized for other diseases. Thirteen patients (20.6%) with dementia were included. Diagnosis was made on the basis of a detailed questionnaire, physical examination and voiding chart, and confirmed by urodynamic study. Treatment was positively made by means of drug therapy, operation, clean intermittent catheterization and/or behavior training. As results, incontinence disappeared in 52.4% (frequency of incontinence/day: 5.0 +/- 2.6 times/day to 0), was fairly improved in 30.2% (5.1 +/- 2.3 to 1.2 +/- 0.8), was slightly improved in 7.9% (3.4 +/- 1.4 to 2.4 +/- 1.4) and unchanged in 9.5% (8.2 +/- 2.3 to 8.3 +/- 2.2). Severe neurogenic bladder (overactive), dementia and physical disability were proposed to be important factors responsible for treatment failure. Aggressive therapy should be tried to treat the urinary incontinence in the elderly, since favourable results can be expected in most of the cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Bauhinia purpurea--a new paraffin section marker for Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease. A comparison with Leu-M1 (CD15), LN2 (CD74), peanut agglutinin, and Ber-H2 (CD30).

Thirty-three cases of Hodgkin's disease (thirteen nodular sclerosis, four diffuse, lymphocyte predominance, and sixteen mixed cellularity) were studied with Bauhinia purpurea (BPA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), anti-Leu-M1, LN2, and Ber-H2 by the avidinbiotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method in paraffin sections. Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells and variants were stained positively with one or more of the reagents in all cases. BPA staining was positive in 32 of 33 cases (97.0%), PNA staining was positive in 23 of 33 cases (69.7%), Leu-M1 was positive in 13 of 33 cases (39.4%), LN2 was positive in 14 of 33 cases (42.4%), and Ber-H2 was positive in 24 of 33 cases (72.7%). Many RS cells were stained moderately to strongly and were readily recognized in 31 cases (96.9%) of BPA+, 10 (43.5%) of PNA+, 8 (61.5%) of Leu-M1+, 6 (42.9%) of LN2+, and 22 (91.7%) of Ber-H2+ cases; in the remaining positive cases, the RS cells were found only after careful searching. Three staining patterns were recognized: paranuclear, diffuse cytoplasmic, and membranous. These three patterns were obtained with all markers except for LN2. LN2 showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in most of the positive cells, and a few cells showed paranuclear deposits. BPA reactivity was not affected by formalin fixation or paraffin embedding. Except for RS cells, BPA also showed dense cytoplasmic staining reaction with macrophage-histiocytes. Sixty cases of non-Hodgkin's diffuse lymphomas (30 T- and 30 B-cell origin) were also studied. Tumor cells were not stained with BPA, PNA, and Leu-M1, but stained positively with LN2 in six T-cell lymphomas and thirteen B-cell lymphomas, and with Ber-H2 in six T-cell lymphomas and one B-cell lymphoma. In conclusion, to facilitate the detection of RS cells and related variants in paraffin sections, BPA can be accepted as a useful marker due to its high-detection rate, reproducible staining pattern, and resistance to fixatives.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1992

Testicular mast cell heterogeneity in idiopathic male infertility.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the mast cell subclass changes in diseased testes. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: University hospital urology clinic and anatomy laboratory. PATIENTS, PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen normal men and 50 patients with idiopathic male infertility. INTERVENTIONS: Histochemical techniques to identify proteoglycans of mast cells were applied to the obtained testicular biopsy specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The numbers of the heparin containing mast cell and the chondroitin sulfate containing mast cell were measured with light microscopy. RESULTS: The total number of mast cells and the ratio of chondoroitin sulfate containing mast cells were significantly increased in the testes from patients with idiopathic male infertility. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that mast cells may play a certain role in the etiology of idiopathic male infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Determination of ER-D5 (estrogen receptor related antigen) in prostatic cancer and its significance].

The existence of an estrogen receptor and various other sex steroid receptors has been confirmed in prostatic cancer. However, the action mechanism of hormone therapy and relationship between the disappearance of hormone response, which is observed in the recurrence of prostatic cancer, and various sex steroid receptors have yet to be identified. The use of monoclonal antibody ERICA is known as a method of detecting the estrogen receptor in the immuno-histological chemistry method. However, this monoclonal antibody is difficult to use on paraffin sections. Therefore, using monoclonal antibody D5, which allows ER-D5 detection of the estrogen receptor related antigen on paraffin sections, we investigated whether or not estrogen receptors are present in the prostatic cancer preparation and studied the survival rate of prostatic cancer as well as relationship with recurrence. Positive ER-D5 results were obtained in 37 of 93 prostatic cancer cases (39.8%) and in all 20 prostatic hypertrophy cases (100%). ER-D5 tended to be more densely stained in prostatic hypertrophy than in prostatic cancer. The survival rate was obviously higher in the ER-D5 positive prostatic cancer cases than in ER-D5 negative cases for a certain period of time after the start of treatment. Despite differences in the histo-differentiation degree and clinical stage of prostatic cancer, the ER-D5 positive percentage did not change and remained between 35% and 45%. In cases where another prostatic cancer preparation was taken because of recurrence of prostatic cancer, there were no ER-D5 positive cases at the time of recurrence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

N-RAS activation in the terminal stage of undifferentiated chronic myeloproliferative disease.

The relationship between activation of the N-RAS gene and the leukemic progression of undifferentiated chronic myeloproliferative disease (UCMPD) was investigated in a 71-year-old male. Hematologically, it was difficult to differentiate the UCMPD from chronic myelogenous leukemia. Chromosomal analysis revealed no Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1-), and DNA analysis revealed no BCR rearrangement (BCR-) either at the beginning or in the terminal stages of the disease. We performed a tumorigenicity assay, using NIH3T3 cells, and molecular analysis, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The DNA of leukemic cells at the beginning of the leukemic progression did not show any abnormalities, but at the terminal stage of the disease the DNA showed a point mutation in codon 12 (GGT----GCT) of the N-RAS gene. Interestingly, a codon 13 mutation (GGT----GTT) was also detected by tumorigenicity assay. These observations suggest that the activated N-RAS gene contributes to the hematologic progression of UCMPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[A case of flomoxef-induced pneumonitis].

We report a case of flomoxef-induced pneumonitis. A 22-year-old man was treated with flomoxef following liver biopsy. A few days later he developed a high fever and severe dyspnea, and his chest X-ray film revealed diffuse reticulo-nodular shadows in both lung fields. We suspected interstitial pneumonitis due to flomoxef, and pulse therapy with methylprednisolone was started. He showed rapid recovery of symptoms and marked regression of pulmonary infiltration in his chest X-ray. Lymphocyte stimulation test was positive to flomoxef, which was compatible with the diagnosis of drug-induced pneumonitis. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case of pulmonary hypersensitivity to flomoxef reported in Japan.

Adult↗