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Biomedical subjects

K Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of a new polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in young patients with acute epididymitis].

Specimens from 15 young patients presenting with acute epididymitis were tested for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for other bacteria by standard laboratory techniques. C. trachomatis urethral infection was detected in 3 patients by an EIA test of the urethral swabs (20%) and in 13 patients by the PCR (87%). This difference in detection rate was statistically significant (p < 0.005). Thirteen specimens were positive by the PCR, but only three of them were positive by the EIA method. These findings indicate that the PCR assay is a highly sensitive assay for the detection of C. trachomatis in male urine specimens and provides a noninvasive technique for routine screening of chlamydia infection in the patient with acute epididymitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Serum inhibin levels in normal men and men with idiopathic infertility.

In vitro studies have shown that the Sertoli cell is the primary source of inhibin in the male. To assess the regulation of inhibin production we measured serum inhibin, FSH, LH and testosterone in 21 normal men and 104 men with various testicular disorders resulting in infertility. The infertile men were subdivided into groups on the basis of their mean sperm count, FSH and LH levels. The mean serum concentrations of inhibin in the normal men were 602 +/- 29 U/L and were significantly decreased in those groups with severe oligozoospermia (p < 0.01) or azoospermia (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). The FSH concentrations correlated inversely with serum inhibin concentrations (p < 0.001) in azoospermic men. Azoospermic men with high FSH had significantly lower inhibin and testosterone levels when compared with normal men (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Serum FSH concentrations were significantly increased in azoospermic men (p < 0.001). Our present results of serum concentrations of inhibin correlating inversely with those of FSH levels suggest that measurement of inhibin may be a useful circulating marker of Sertoli cell function.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Antibiotic and ejaculation treatments improve resolution rate of leukocytospermia in infertile men with prostatitis.

Leukocytospermia has been associated with notable adverse effects on semen parameters and sperm function. The present study was undertaken to identify men with leukocytospermia and prostatitis in an infertility population and assess the effects of various treatments. One million white blood cells (WBC)/ml semen was defined as leukocytospermia. An expressed prostatic fluid was analyzed for the presence of white blood cells. The presence of more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion was needed for the diagnosis of prostatitis. Those men who had more than one million WBCs in their semen and more than 10 WBCs/high power field on expressed prostatic secretion were enrolled in this study. Of two hundred sixty-three men screened for the presence of leukocytospermia and prostatitis, forty-eight men met both criteria. They were blindly and randomly assigned to one of three groups. Group 1 received no treatment. Group 2 were treated with trimethoprim 80 mg-sulfamethoxazole 400 mg (TMP-SMX) orally twice per day for one month. Group 3 were treated not only with the same antibiotic regimen as group 2 but also were instructed to ejaculate frequently (at least once every three days) for one month. Significant resolution of leukocytospermia occurred in the order of patient groups 3 > 2 > 1 at one month. The resolution rate of leukocytospermia of each group was 76% in group 3, 56% in group 2 and 6.7% in group 1. The rates in groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher than that in group 1 (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

The effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in infertile patients with varicoceles.

The presence of a varicocele has been associated with decrease in testicular volume both in adult and pediatric patients. However, a study on the effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in the adult varicocele patient has never been reported. We determined the testicular volume before and after varicocelectomy in 52 patients with varicocele. A significant increase in testicular volume with the right side showing a greater increase was observed (p < 0.05). No greater increase in testicular volume was noted among the patients who achieved a pregnancy with their spouses. In addition, the age of the patient did not correlate with the observed change in testicular volume. These results suggest that varicocele is clearly related to decreased testicular volume and that varicocelectomy can increase bilateral testis volume resulting in improved testicular function.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Study on transepithelial movement of 3H-androgen in the rat seminiferous and epididymal tubules].

The mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the endocrinological microenvironment of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules were examined in a series of experiments utilizing in vivo microperifusion, microperfusion, and micropuncture technique. The intraluminal 3H-androgen concentration in the seminiferous tubules increased linearly as the interstitial 3H-androgen concentrations increased from 10 nM to 2,000 nM, but in the caput epididymidal tubules, the intraluminal 3H-androgen concentration increased hyperbolically across the same range of peritubular 3H-androgen concentration. Intraluminal 3H-androgen concentrations in the caput epididymidis did not rise above approximately 340 nM even when the peritubular 3H-androgen concentration exceeded 2,000 nM. Perifusion of caput tubules with 0.1 mM dinitrophenol or potassium cyanide or 100 micrograms/ml cyclohexamide significantly reduced the proluminal 3H-androgen movement, but tubules perifused with control medium did not support antigrade 3H-androgen movement in the absence of native lumen fluids which contain androgen-binding protein. Energy-requiring protein synthesis is necessary for antigrade 3H-androgen movement in the caput epididymidis, but the mechanism for the interaction of intracellular protein(s) and 3H-androgen movement remains undetermined.

Androgens↗
PubMed1995

Successful in vitro fertilization and pregnancy by the micromanipulation with sperm from efferent duct retrieved by micropuncture technique in a patient with congenital absence of the vas deferens.

A case of successful in vitro microfertilization and pregnancy of 30-year-old woman with sperm from efferent duct retrieved by a micropuncture technique combined with perivascular nerve stimulation from a patient with congenital absence of the vas deferens is reported. Treatment of couples involving men with surgically unreconstructible vasal obstruction is now possible. Our experience indicates that sperm from the efferent duct retrieved by this new technique, when combined with assisted reproductive technologies, permit fertilization and subsequent pregnancy for the men with surgically irreparable vasal obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Transurethral ureteroscopic ureterotomy assisted by a prior balloon dilation for relieving ureteral strictures.

We developed a procedure to correct ureteral obstruction that consists of transurethral ureteroscopic balloon dilation of the stenotic segment followed by a ureteroscopic ureterotomy. Since February 1989 we treated 20 ureters in 19 patients with upper urinary tract obstruction, with an 85% success rate. Stenosis was primary in 4 patients, and secondary to a prior operation in 10, calculi in 4 and endometriosis in 2. The stenotic segment was pretreated with balloon dilation through an 11.5F rigid ureteroscope and then incised using a 12F optical ureterotome equipped with a cold knife. Thereafter, a 12F Double-J* catheter was left in situ for 6 weeks. Followup ranged from 4 to 55 months (mean 18). In these 19 patients obstruction resolved completely in 8 (8 ureters) and partially in 8 (9 ureters). Postoperatively, the obstruction remained unchanged in 2 patients and 1 experienced injury to the common iliac artery during the procedure. Our findings suggest that this procedure may prove beneficial in treating obstructive ureteral diseases.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1995

[Hypotonous maculopathy following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C].

We retrospectively studied incidence, prognosis and predictive factors of hypotonous maculopathy following trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C. The subjects were 208 cases (208 eyes) with various types of glaucoma with clear media, who were followed up for at least three months postoperatively. The follow up periods ranged from 3 to 44 months with a mean of 21.1 months. The incidence of the maculopahy was 9.1% (19/208). The postoperative intraocular pressures (IOPs) varied between 1 and 6 mmHg in the presence of maculopathy. The maculopathy disappeared in 14 eyes (74%) spontaneously or following ocular hypertensive therapy including application of trichloracetic acid and subconjunctival injection of autologous blood. The final visual acuity deteriorated two lines or more in 8 eyes (42%). A discriminant analysis showed that age, history of intraocular surgery, preoperative maximum IOP, and mean deviation are the predictive factors for maculopathy. As compared with the hypotonous eyes without maculopathy, those with maculopathy tended to be younger and to have less severe visual field changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Growth of human tumor xenografts on chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo.

We evaluated the success rates of transplantation and growth conditions of 33 human tumor xenografts transplanted on the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos. Eleven out of 14 renal cell carcinomas (78.6%), 7 out of 9 urothelial carcinomas (77.8%), 2 out of 3 testicular tumors (66.7%), an adenocarcinoma of the colon and an adenocarcinoma of the ovary but none of the 5 prostatic carcinomas were transplanted successfully. Histologically, carcinoma cells survived on the chorioallantoic membrane forming organoids the structure of which was well preserved. Several regions of the grafts frequently became necrotized. However, the viability of carcinoma nests was not influenced by the inflammatory changes surrounding necrotic tissues. Renal cell carcinomas survived diffusely with prominent angiogenesis. Immunostaining with anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a strong correlation between the %BrdU labeling index of the cancer cells on the chorioallantoic membrane and %Ki-67 index of the original tumors. No difference in %BrdU indexes was found between small and large cancer nests. Growth conditions remained constant for 8 days after inoculation. The growth potential of cancer nests surviving on the chorioallantoic membrane, which was identical to that of the original carcinomas, appeared to be unchanged during incubation. However, it might be difficult to exploit the chorioallantoic membrane for anticancer chemosensitivity tests except for renal cell carcinoma since few cancer cell nests were produced in spite of the high transplantation success rates.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical evaluation of latex photometric immunoassay for serum CA19-9].

Latex photometric immunoassay for CA19-9 was clinically evaluated. Reference interval of the assay was determined as 37U/ml based on the data of 350 healthy donors. CA19-9 values were higher in females than in males (p < 0.01) and distribution of CA19-9 values varied significantly depending on the Lewis blood types of the subjects; namely, subjects with Lea+b- gave highest CA19-9 values followed by those with Lea-b+ and then those with Lea-b- (p < 0.001). In the patients with various malignant diseases, positive rates were high (> 60%) in the patients with pancreatic, hepatic, and colon cancer. Meanwhile, false positive rates were around 25-50% in the patients with pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, benign hepatic disorders and benign lung diseases. When cut-off value was set at 100U/ml, false positive rates decreased drastically, while true positive rates remained slightly decreased. These findings indicate that, in this latex assay, CA19-9 values of 100U/ml or higher should be regarded as high risk factor of malignancy and values in the range of > or = 37U/ml and < 100U/ml might be considered as warning signal of various benign and malignant diseases.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Strain and sex differences in kidney carcinogenesis in rats treated with N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine and uracil.

We earlier demonstrated that simultaneous administration of EHEN and uracil for 3 weeks resulted in enhancement of renal carcinogenesis in F344 female rats. Therefore, to establish a model of renal carcinogenesis in rats that can induce advanced renal carcinoma at a high incidence, differences in the susceptibility to N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) and uracil of the kidneys in male and female rats of two strains were examined. Group 1 (male Wistar rats), group 2 (female Wistar rats), group 3 (male F344 rats), and group 4 (female F344 rats) received a 3-week simultaneous administration of 0.05% EHEN in the drinking water and 3% uracil in the diet after one week's acclimation. In all the above four groups, the rats were thereafter given a basal diet and water without chemical addition for a 29-week period. Group 5 (male Wistar rats), group 6 (female Wistar rats), group 7 (male F344 rats) and group 8 (female F344 rats) received no chemicals for the entire 33 weeks. At the end of the experiment, renal adenocarcinomas were found in 85, 68, 14 and 0% of the rats in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The incidence of adenomas and adenocarcinomas in Wistar rats were significantly greater than in F344 rats (p < 0.0001). These findings indicate strain and possibly sex differences in kidney carcinogenesis in rats treated with EHEN and uracil, and simultaneous administration of the two agents to male Wistar rats might have an advantage for models to induce advanced renal carcinoma at a high incidence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

A case of unilateral giant hydronephrosis with renal insufficiency.

Giant hydronephrosis, which is a symptomless enlargement of the abdomen, is an extremely rare condition in adults, with most cases being discovered in young-to-middle-aged people. We report a case of adult giant hydronephrosis accompanied by renal insufficiency, in which surgical repair was not performed because of the patient's poor cardiac function. Nephrostomy was performed and was followed with replacement of the nephrostomy tube every 2 weeks. For diagnostic purposes, ultrasonography and computerized tomography were preferable. A supplementary antegrade and retrograde pyelography was valuable in locating the stenosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

A case of sex reversal syndrome with sex-determining region (XX male).

We examined a 32-year-old man with a 4-year history of infertility. The man's sex life, male hair pattern, and penis were normal, and he had no history of erection problems. Left and right testicular volumes were 2 ml and 3 ml, respectively. Semen analysis showed no sperm. The endocrine panel revealed increased serum luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and a normal serum testosterone level. A testicular biopsy demonstrated that both Leydig cell and Sertoli cell hyperplasia were present, and that no germ cells were found in the tubules. A chromosome analysis done on the peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed a karyotype of 46, XX. We identified the sex-determining region, Y, by polymerase chain reaction using Y-specific probes in this patient. The diagnosis was XX male.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of varicocelectomy on testis volume and semen parameters in adolescents: a randomized prospective study.

Because the treatment of a varicocele in adolescents remains controversial, we undertook a prospective study in 51 male adolescents, aged 15-21 years, who were referred for a varicocele. Twenty-nine patients were treated with high retroperitoneal ligation of the left spermatic vein, and 22 were untreated. Eighteen healthy adolescent volunteers without a varicocele were also assessed. Testicular volume was measured using an orchiometer, and semen analyses were carried out at referral and after 1 year of follow-up. In addition, serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were estimated by radioimmunoassay. Both patient groups had significantly smaller testis volumes than the controls at the outset. In the follow-up, the treated patients had testis volumes similar to those of the controls. Both testes increased significantly in volume after treatment. Although semen parameters were comparable in all groups initially, sperm concentration increased significantly after treatment of the varicocele. We concluded that varicocele treatment in adolescents leads to increased testis volume and a higher sperm concentration; however, whether early treatment will improve testicular function remains to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Rickettsiosis].

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Adult↗