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Biomedical subjects

K Miyake

Publications and source records attributed to K Miyake.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Analysis of Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients after Surgery.

The objective of this study was to investigate the factors associated with the quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients after surgery. The QOL in 83 primary breast cancer patients after surgery was prospectively assessed using a newly developed Japanese QOL questionnaire: The QOL Questionnaire for Cancer Patients Treated with Anticancer Drugs (QOL-ACD). The demographic and medical factors relating to the QOL score in the subjects were investigated by multiple regression analyses. Factors related to the four categories of the QOL-ACE (activity, physical condition, psychological condition, and social relationship) were also analyzed. The results revealed that only hospitalization had a strong negative relation to the overall QOL score. With regard to the four categories of the QOL-ACE, hospitalization had strong negative relations to the three categories (activity, physical condition and social relationship) and had weak negative relation to the psychological condition. Other demographic and medical factors such as types of surgery or adjuvant therapy had no significant association with the QOL score, except for the performance status which had positive, but not significant, association with the activity. In conclusion, this study yielded useful information concerning the management of the breast cancer patients after surgery. We had better be more concerned with the hospitalized period than other demographic or medical factors such as types of therapy to improve the QOL.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Initiation-stage enhancement by uracil of N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine-induction of kidney carcinogenesis in rats.

The present study was conducted to clarify the effects of N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) and uracil in combination on renal carcinogenesis in female F344 rats. Group 1 animals (n = 30) received a 3-week simultaneous administration of 0.05% EHEN and 3% uracil, and group 2 (n = 26) 0.05% EHEN with a lower 1.5% dose of uracil. Group 3 (n = 30) was treated with 0.05% EHEN alone and group 4 (n = 28) received only 3% uracil for 3 weeks. In all the above four groups, the rats were given basal diet and water without chemical addition for a 48-week period after the 3-week treatment period. Group 5 (n = 33) received no chemicals for the entire 52 weeks. At the end of week 52, renal adenocarcinomas were found in 53%, 31% and 13% of the rats in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The present study thus demonstrated that simultaneous administration of uracil enhances the occurrence of EHEN-induced renal adenocarcinomas in rats.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Murine B cell proliferation and protection from apoptosis with an antibody against a 105-kD molecule: unresponsiveness of X-linked immunodeficient B cells.

We established a novel monoclonal antibody, RP/14, that can protect B cells from apoptosis induced by irradiation or dexamethasone. A molecule recognized by RP/14 (the RP antigen) was expressed on B cells with B220bright, IgMdull, and IgDbright. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that RP/14 recognized a monomeric protein with an approximate molecular mass of 105 kD. Stimulation of B cells with RP/14 for 48 h induced B cell proliferation and blastogenesis. In contrast to B cells of wild-type mice, X-linked immunodeficient (XID) B cells did not proliferate upon stimulation with RP/14, although the RP antigen was expressed to the same extent as that of wild-type B cells. These results suggest that the RP antigen-mediated signaling pathway is important for rescuing B cells from apoptosis and is deficient in XID B cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Involvement of very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) in tumor necrosis factor alpha enhancement of experimental metastasis.

In this study, we examined the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) on pulmonary metastasis of murine melanoma B16-BL6 by focusing on the intercellular adhesion molecules involved in the metastatic process. TNF-alpha administration before B16-BL6 inoculation significantly enhanced the experimental pulmonary metastasis. The enhancement was seen when TNF-alpha was administered 4 h, but not 24 h, before B16-BL6 inoculation. Administration of 50-5000 units of TNF-alpha increased the number of metastatic lung colonies in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated a high expression of very late activation antigen 4 (VLA-4) on the surface of B16-BL6 cells. Immunoperoxidase staining demonstrated that a ligand for VLA-4, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, was expressed on lung vascular endothelium 4 h after administration of TNF-alpha. Pretreatment of B16-BL6 cells with an anti-VLA-4 monoclonal antibody abolished the TNF-alpha-enhanced pulmonary lung colonies. Administration of an anti-vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 monoclonal antibody also abolished the enhancement. These results indicate that the interaction between VLA-4 on tumor cells and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 on activated endothelial cells is critically involved in TNF-alpha enhancement of metastasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Organization and nucleotide sequence of the secE-nusG region of Streptomyces griseus.

The nusG genes of Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) were cloned by the DNA-probing method with synthetic oligonucleotides designed on the basis of the nucleotide sequence of the nusG gene of Streptomyces virginiae. The amino acid sequences of the NusG proteins deduced from the nucleotide sequences showed significant homologies to those from a variety of microorganisms. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the region upstream of the nusG gene of S. griseus revealed the presence of the secE gene, suggesting that secE and nusG are organized as an operon as is found in other microorganisms.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of testicular germ cell tumor proliferation using DNA flow cytometry and nucleolar organizer silver staining.

We studied 41 testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) using DNA flow cytometry and argyrophilic (silver staining) nucleolar organizer region (Ag-NOR) quantitation to evaluate the proliferative characteristics of TGCT and the significance of those analytical techniques. In nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), the percentage of S + G2M phase cells (%S + G2M) in DNA aneuploid tumor was higher than in DNA of diploid tumors. Likewise, in NSGCT the aneuploid Ag-NOR sites per nucleus (Ag-NOR count) were significantly higher in DNA aneuploid than in DNA diploid tumors. There was also a significant linear correlation between % S + G2M phase cells and the Ag-NOR count in TGCT. However, the DNA ploidy pattern and the % S + G2M phase cells, and Ag-NOR counts, did not correlate significantly with the patient survival rate or clinical stage. In conclusion, our study suggests that Ag-NOR enumeration is an effective technique for assessing cellular proliferative activity that is somewhat less expensive than DNA flow cytometry.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1994

IgM antibody to a hepatitis C virus core peptide (CP14) for monitoring activity of liver disease in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C.

Antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core of various immunoglobulin classes were determined by enzyme immunoassays with three synthetic peptides, CP14 (amino acids 5-40 of the core protein), CP10 (5-23), and CP9 (39-74). In 135 patients with chronic type C liver disease, anti-CP14, anti-CP10, and anti-CP9 of IgG class were detected in 99%, 94%, 82%, respectively; those of IgM class in 86%, 69%, and 39%; and those of IgA class in 56%, 40%, and 4%. Thus anti-CP14 was more prevalent than anti-CP10 or anti-CP9 in every immunoglobulin class. The prevalence of IgM anti-CP14 was much higher (P < 0.001) in patients (116/135 or 86%) than in asymptomatic carriers of HCV (13/39 or 33%). In seven patients with acute hepatitis C, IgM anti-CP14 continued to decrease in two in whom hepatitis resolved, but increased in five in whom hepatitis once resolved and then exacerbated. IgM anti-CP14 was followed in 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C during 24 weeks while they received recombinant interferon alpha-2a. IgM anti-CP14 decreased remarkably within 8 weeks in all of them. Thereafter, it continued to decrease in nine patients who responded to interferon and lost HCV RNA from circulation, but started to increase in five non-responders who continued to have high titers of HCV RNA. In the remaining 16 patients in whom HCV RNA decreased once and then increased, IgM anti-CP14 continued to decrease till 20 weeks and then increased.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate on microsphere-induced changes in acetylcholine and amino acid content of rat brain regions.

Effects of naftidrofuryl oxalate (naftidrofuryl) on neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, and amino acid content of brain regions following microsphere-induced cerebral embolism were examined to elucidate its possible therapeutic effects on ischemic brain. Rats received 900 microspheres (48 microns in diameter) via the right internal carotid artery, followed by ligation of the right common carotid artery; and histological and biochemical alterations were examined on the 3rd, 5th, and 28th days after embolism. The embolism induced increases in triphenyltetrazolium chloride- (TTC)-unstained areas and decreases in acetylcholine, glutamate, aspartate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in the cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of the right hemisphere, suggesting that microsphere embolism causes severe damage to these brain regions. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the right cortical sections after embolism showed degeneration and necrosis of nerve cells with chromatolytic nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Changes in neurotransmitters of the left hemisphere were relatively small. Treatment with naftidrofuryl of the embolized rats with stroke-like symptoms took place from postoperative day 1 to 28. Treatment resulted in a reduction in TTC-unstained areas, less morphological damage to cerebral cortex on the 3rd and 5th days, and an appreciable restoration of acetylcholine content of three brain regions of the right hemisphere throughout the experiment, but restoration of neurotransmitter amino acids was observed to a smaller degree. The results suggest that naftidrofuryl is capable of preventing the development of ischemia-induced, sustained damage to brain regions vulnerable to oxygen deficiency, particularly by improving impaired acetylcholine metabolism.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

Elevated concentrations of the beta-subunit of S100 protein in renal cell tumors in rats.

Concentrations of alpha and beta-subunits of S100 protein (S100-alpha and S100-beta) in rat kidney neoplasms, including renal cell and mesenchymal tumors, were determined using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay, and both types immunohistochemically localized in tissue sections. Concentrations of S100-alpha in each histological type of rat tumor were lower than in normal kidney, whereas levels of S100-beta (mean +/- SE: 29.7 +/- 14.2 ng/mg protein, n = 15) in renal cell tumors were significantly higher than in normal kidneys (0.55 +/- 0.06 ng/mg protein, n = 7), or mesenchymal tumors (1.21 +/- 0.43 ng/mg protein, n = 9). In normal rat kidney tissues S100-alpha was immunohistochemically positive in epithelial cells of the distal tubules, the thin limbs of loops of Henle, and the collecting ducts. No appreciable immunostaining for S100-beta was found in any nephron segment. Both S100-alpha and S100-beta were positive for renal cell tumors, indicating new appearance of the latter during renal carcinogenesis in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A randomized trial of early intravesical instillation of epirubicin in superficial bladder cancer. The Nagoya University Urological Oncology Group.

A total of 135 patients with superficial bladder cancer diagnosed as totally resectable were entered into a randomized multicenter trial to investigate the efficacy of early intravesical epirubicin instillation after resection in comparison with transurethral resection (TUR) alone. Epirubicin (40 mg/40 ml saline) was given within 24 h of TUR and once during the 1st week, weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for 11 months. In all, 122 patients (90.4%) were eligible and 119 (88.1%) were evaluable. The interval to initial recurrence was significantly longer (P = 0.02) in the epirubicin group (36 months; 95% confidence interval, 32-40 months) than in the group receiving TUR alone (28 months; 95% confidence interval, 24-32 months). The recurrence rate per year in the epirubicin group was less than that in the TUR-alone group (0.13 versus 0.29 annual recurrences). Disease progression was observed in only one patient in the epirubicin-instillation group. The main toxicity encountered was bladder irritation (13.8%). These results demonstrate that early intravesical epirubicin instillation is efficacious in preventing local recurrence.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1994

Lateral movement of mast cell surface protein detected by gold-labeled anti-IgE and its relation with fodrin.

Rat mast cells were incubated with gold-conjugated concanavalin A and the movement of gold particles was observed using a polarization microscope. In resting cells, the movement of gold particles was very slow. When cells were stimulated with compound 48/80, the gold particles rapidly moved laterally, unrelated to granule extrusion. When sensitized mast cells were stimulated with gold-conjugated anti-IgE (anti-IgE-gold), patching of anti-IgE-gold was also observed. Immunofluorescence microscopy of rat mast cells stained with anti-fodrin antibody and rhodamine-phalloidin revealed that both fodrin and actin exist beneath the cell membrane forming a complicated network. After stimulation of the cells with anti-IgE-gold, the fodrin network was disrupted and thin fluorescence was observed homogeneously on the cell surface. By means of Western blotting, alpha-fodrin was detected in the membrane fraction of mast cells at the 240 kDa protein band. From the present study, it is suggested that disruption of the fodrin network may occur in association with the process leading to mast cell degranulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Successful in vitro fertilization and pregnancy by micromanipulation with epididymal sperm.

PURPOSE: To examine the effectiveness of micromanipulation on the treatment of the patients with obstructive azoospermia, subzonal insemination or partial zona dissection was performed using epididymal sperm of the 23 patients, and the in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Fertilized oocytes were obtained in 11 cycles of the 25 treated cycles, and six pregnancies were established by the subsequent ET. Through the analysis of 13 cycles in which both the micromanipulation and usual IVF insemination were performed, the fertilization rate per oocyte with the micromanipulation [25% (28/113)] was significantly higher than that with the usual insemination method [4% (4/102)]. The micromanipulation was most useful for the treatment of the patients with congenital absence of the vas deferens. Moreover, there was no need to aspirate a large volume of the epididymal fluid, but it was essential to prepare more than 10 mature oocytes retrieved. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that micromanipulation with epididymal sperm is an effective treatment for obstructive azoospermia, and careful preparations of sperm and well-controlled ovarian hyperstimulation are necessary for successful IVF-ET.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Clinicopathological characteristics of small renal cell carcinomas.

To clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of small renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) the authors reviewed data for 154 RCC patients treated between January 1980 and September 1992. Of 20 patients with tumours of 3 cm or less in diameter, 12 (60%) had no related symptoms: 6 (30%) were found during routine physical check-ups and 6 (30%) were incidentally detected during examinations for diseases other than RCC. The remaining 8 (40%) patients demonstrated indicative symptoms. Most small tumours showed expansive growth and nuclear atypia was minimal or moderate. In all 20 cases, the lesions of 3 cm or less were confined to the kidney (pT1 to pT2b) and no lymph node metastasis was found. Only one (5%) had a distant metastasis, and venous involvement was also microscopically observed in only one patient (5%). The 5-year survival rates were 95% for patients with tumours of 3 cm or smaller, 74% for those of 3.1 to 5 cm, and 68% for those of greater than 5 cm. These findings revealed small RCC to demonstrate biologically less malignant behaviour. Early detection of such small lesions by ultrasonography should therefore improve the overall survival of patients with RCC.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Total cystectomy after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Tokyo strain) therapy for superficial bladder cancer: experience in Japan.

To clarify which patients might most require total cystectomy after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy, we reviewed data for 111 individuals with superficial bladder cancer. Of the 111 patients, 73 received the BCG treatment for prophylaxis of intravesical recurrence after transurethral resection (group 1), 24 therapeutically for Ta or T1 tumours (group 2), and 14 for eradicating carcinomas in situ (CIS, group 3). Although the BCG therapy significantly reduced frequencies of recurrence in group 1, 27 patients (37%) did develop tumours again. Tumours disappeared in 18 of 24 patients (75%) in group 2, and in 11 of 14 (79%) in group 3. The rate of disease progression was 6% for all 111 patients: 3% (2/73) for group 1, 17% (4/24) for group 2, and 7% (1/14) for group 3. A total of 16 of the 111 patients (14%) underwent total cystectomy, the respective figures being 7% in group 1, 29% in group 2, and 29% in group 3. Indications for total cystectomy were progression in 7, recurrent multiple tumours in 5, persistent CIS in 2, a contracted bladder in 1, and occurrence of bilateral renal pelvic cancer in 1. Thus, 4 of 6 patients (67%) who had tumours unresponsive to BCG therapy in group 2 demonstrated progression and necessitated total cystectomy. Because tumours persisting after BCG therapy are frequently of the muscle-invasive type, such cases should be regarded as candidates for immediate total cystectomy.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1994

A new sclerosant therapy for testicular hydrocele with aspiration and injection of OK-432.

Twenty patients with testicular hydrocele were treated with a new sclerosing therapy consisting of intrascrotal injection of OK-432 (group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin). The median observation period after treatment was 6 months (range 2-13 months). Eighteen patients required only one treatment. Two patients had recurrences and received repeat injection. There have been no serious side effects except for fever of 2-3 days' duration and local inflammatory reaction. Sclerotherapy with OK-432 is an efficient and easy method which can be recommended as a primary treatment for hydrocele.

Aged↗