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Biomedical subjects

K Kuroda

Publications and source records attributed to K Kuroda.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[A double blind clinical trial of cefamandole and cefmetazole in complicated urinary tract infections].

We conducted a randomized double blind comparison of cefamandole (CMD) and cefmetazole (CMZ) in the treatment of 193 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. The patients received 1 gram of CMD or CMZ twice a day intravenously by drip infusion over 1 hour for 5 days. Pretreatment urinary leukocyte counts and urinary bacterial counts were at least 5 cells/hpf and 10(4) bacteria/ml, respectively. Each patient was randomly allocated either to CMD or CMZ group. There were 93 patients in CMD group and 100 patients in CMZ group. Clinical efficacy was evaluated based on the effect of treatment on bacteriuria and pyuria according to the criteria set by the UTI Committee, Japan. The response to CMD treatment was excellent in 18 cases (19.4%), moderate in 38 cases (40.9%) and poor in 37 cases (39.8%) with an overall effectiveness of 60.2%, whereas the response to CMZ was excellent in 19 cases (19.0%), moderate in 40 cases (40.0%) and poor in 41 cases (41.0%) with an overall effectiveness of 59.0%. No statistical significant difference was found between 2 treatment groups. Comparison of the bacteriological response between 2 groups showed that the eradication rate for strains of Gram-positive cocci were significantly higher in those patients treated with CMD. Gram-negative rods were eradicated from 68.4% of cases treated with CMD, and 78.0% of those with CMZ, but the difference was not significant. Adverse reactions were observed in 3 patients receiving CMD 1 case each of diarrhea, eruption and epigastric pain. Abnormality in laboratory tests was found in 6 patients in each treatment group. The results indicate that CMD is effective, safe and useful in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, and its efficacy, safety and usefulness are comparable with those of CMZ.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Inhibitory effect of fumaric acid on 3-methyl-4'-(dimethylamino)-azobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.

Fumaric acid (FA) was examined for its effect on hepatocarcinogenesis in rats fed 3-methyl-4'-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3-Me-DAB). Male DONRYU rats were given approximately 0.5 g 3-Me-DAB by being fed a diet containing 0.06% 3-Me-DAB for 50 days; they were then given a diet containing 1% FA and drinking water containing 0.025% FA for 51 weeks. The administration of FA effectively suppressed the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, hyperplastic nodules, and hyperplastic areas in the livers of rats fed 3-Me-DAB.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Biochemical relationship among three F-type pyocins, pyocin F1, F2, and F3, and phage KF1.

The immunological and the biochemical relationships between F-type pyocins and phage KF1, which is cross-reactive with anti-F-type pyocin sera, were studied. The primary structures of six subunit proteins of each pyocin were also compared among three F-type pyocins, pyocin F1, F2, and F3. Both anti-pyocin F1 and anti-pyocin F3 sera gave precipitin bands with phage KF1 by Ouchterlony's test, and were found to bind to minor subunit proteins P3 and P6 of the phage, which were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electron microscopic studies showed that these sera bound to some loci of the rod part of the phage tail. These results showed that the subunit proteins P3 and P6 carried antigenically common parts to F-type pyocin and that P3 and/or P6 were components of the rod part of the phage KF1. The subunit proteins P3 and P6 of the phage were of the same mobilities in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as those of band 1 and band 5 of F-type pyocins, respectively. Tryptic peptide mapping after iodination with 125I also showed a partial homology between P3 and band 1, and between P6 and band 5. The tryptic peptide mapping of the six subunit proteins of each F-type pyocin showed that the primary structure of subunit protein band 1 was almost the same among these pyocins, and subunit protein bands 2, 3, 5, and 6 showed were similar. Only subunit protein band 4 was different among these pyocins. The difference in the action spectra of pyocin F1, F2, and F3 is probably due to the difference in the primary structure of subunit protein band 4, which is a component of the fiber part.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1982

Increase of inactive form of aspartate aminotransferase in pyridoxine-deficient rat liver.

Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase from rat liver was separated into at least 3 subforms, focused at pH 6.2, 5.9, and 5.7, by isoelectric focusing. Increase of subforms with low pI values was observed in pyridoxine-deficient rat liver. These subforms with low pI values showed low catalytic activities relative to their antigenic activities. The Km values for substrate and optimal pH values of the two main subforms were not significantly different in pyridoxine-deficient and control rat livers. Some conformational change of enzyme in the cytosol of pyridoxine-deficient rat liver was suggested by circular dichroic and fluorescent spectra. The N and C terminals of the enzyme from both pyridoxine-deficient rats and controls were shown to be alanine and glutamine, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Examination of chiral stability during the preparation of hydrazides and coupling by the azide procedure using a series of model peptides.

The peptide hydrazides of N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-X where X = alanine, leucine, phenylalanine, valine and isoleucine have been prepared by hydrazinolysis of the corresponding methyl esters and 2,4-distributed-5 (4H)-oxazolones, and by the carbodiimide-mediated reactions of the peptide acids with hydrazine in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The stereochemical purity of the products was examined by coupling them by the azide method with an ester of lysine followed by analysis for the diastereomeric tripeptides by an established procedure. The results concur with and substantiate the generally held notions on the chiral stability associated with hydrazinolysis and the azide procedure, except that an optically pure hydrazide could not be obtained from the oxazolone of the alanyl peptide.

Azides↗
PubMed1982

A computerized model to analyze transcellular fluid shift during hemofiltration.

Using urea and inulin as markers, we have developed a simple method to calculate intracellular and extracellular fluid volume in patients before and after hemofiltration therapy. During conventional hemofiltration using substitution fluid with a Na+ concentration of 140 mEq/L, a decrease in extracellular fluid volume was noted whereas the intracellular fluid volume was unaltered. Furthermore, we have developed a computerized mathematical model to analyze transcellular fluid shifts during hemofiltration. This model also indicates a decrease in extracellular fluid volume only, the intracellular fluid volume remaining unchanged. High-Na+ hemofiltration using substitution fluid with an Na+ concentration of 160 mEq/L has enabled us to remove fluid from both intracellular and extracellular compartments. Thus, high-Na+ hemofiltration is expected to normalize the intracellular hydration in uremic patients, and to reduce the decrease in extracellular fluid volume during hemofiltration therapy. Our data therefore suggest that high-Na+ hemofiltration could prevent hypotension due to large decreases in extracellular fluid volume by inducing a transcellular fluid shift out of body cells. Our computerized model can be a useful tool in the prescription of the optimal Na+ concentration in substitution fluid for individualized hemofiltration therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Regional cerebral blood flow in various types of brain tumor. Effect of the space-occupying lesion on blood flow in brain tissue close to and remote from tumor site.

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 23 patients with brain tumors using the 133Xe intra-carotid injection method and a 254 channel gamma camera. The glioblastomas (4) and astrocytomas (4) all showed hyperemia in the tumor and tumor-near region. This was also seen in several meningiomas (4 of 7 cases) in which most of the tumor itself did not receive any isotope. Brain metastases (6) usually had a low flow in the tumor and tumor-near region. The glioblastomas tended to show markedly bending 133Xe wash-out curves pointing to pronounced heterogeneity of blood flow. Most of the flow maps, regardless of the tumor types, showed widespread abnormalities of rCBF not only in the tumor region but also in the region remote from the tumor. It is concluded that measurement of rCBF cannot yield accurate differential diagnostic information, but that the widespread derangement of the brain tissue function can be revealed even in the case of fairly small size tumors.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1982

Elimination kinetics of ceftizoxime in humans with and without renal insufficiency.

The pharmacokinetics of a single 500-mg intramuscular dose of ceftizoxime were studied in 11 healthy adult volunteers and in 22 patients with various degrees of renal dysfunction. The mean serum half-life of ceftizoxime was 1.44 h in normal subjects and 30.2 h in hemodialysis patients. A significant correlation (P less than 0.001) between the elimination rate constant of ceftizoxime and creatinine clearance was demonstrated. The mean urinary recovery in normal subjects was 75.6% within 6 h of dosage; recovery decreased progressively with reduced renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Infectious cell entry mechanism of influenza virus.

Interaction between influenza virus WSN strain and MDCK cells was studied by using spin-labeled phospholipids and electron microscopy. Envelope fusion was negligibly small at neutral pH but greatly activated in acidic media in a narrow pH range around 5.0. The half-time was less than 1 min at 37 degrees C at pH 5.0. Virus binding was almost independent of the pH. Endocytosis occurred with a half-time of about 7 min at 37 degrees C at neutral pH, and about 50% of the initially bound virus was internalized after 1 h. Electron micrographs showed binding of virus particles in coated pits in the microvillous surface of plasma membrane and endocytosis into coated vesicles. Chloroquine inhibited virus replication. The inhibition occurred when the drug was added not later than 10 min after inoculation. Chloroquine caused an increase in the lysosomal pH 4.9 to 6.1. The drug did not affect virus binding, endocytosis, or envelope fusion at pH 5.0. Electron micrographs showed many virus particles remaining trapped inside vacuoles even after 30 min at 37 degrees C in the presence of drug, in contrast to only a few particles after 10 min in vacuoles and secondary lysosomes in its absence. Virus replication in an artificial condition, i.e., brief exposure of the inoculum to acidic medium followed by incubation in neutral pH in the presence of chloroquine, was also observed. These results are discussed to provide a strong support for the infection mechanism of influenza virus proposed previously: virus uptake by endocytosis, fusion of the endocytosed vesicles with lysosome, and fusion of the virus envelope with the surrounding vesicle membrane in the secondary lysosome because of the low pH. This allows the viral genome to enter the target cell cytoplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Toxicity of mitomycin C and anti-intoxication by fumaric acid in liver and kidney cellular fine structure.

The previous study indicated that the toxic symptoms in ICR mice given two ip injections of 4 mg/kg of mitomycin C at an interval of 48 hr were reduced by the concurrent administration of 40 mg/kg of fumaric acid. In the present study, are described the changes of subcellular components and organella in the liver and kidney at 4 days after the 2nd injection. The liver treated with mitomycin C showed perinuclear irregularity, aggregation of chromatins, and abnormal cytoplasmic organella (e.g., swelling of mitochondria and dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum). Focal localization of rough endoplasmic reticulum was noted. The concurrent administration of fumaric acid reduced the incidence of such deleterious changes. Increases in the number of nucleoli and normal cytoplasmic organella were evident. The kidney treated with mitomycin C showed decrease of chromatins and edematous nuclear matrix. The cytoplasmic organella were swollen. The action of fumaric acid against mitomycin C intoxication was more apparent in the kidney. Chromatins and nucleoli developed well and other subcellular organella appeared completely normal.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inhibitory effect of fumaric acid on forestomach and lung carcinogenesis by a 5-nitrofuran naphthyridine derivative in mice.

The inhibitory effect of fumaric acid (FA) on carcinogenesis by potassium 1-methyl-7-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl]-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylate (trans, NFN) was examined histologically with male ICR/JCL mice. NFN was fed to mice at a dose level of 0.012% in the diet for 14 weeks. These mice were then divided into 2 groups. One group was given a basal diet, and the other group was given a diet containing 1% FA in the subsequent 39 weeks. In the group of 30 mice fed NFN alone, squamous cell carcinomas were found in the stomachs of 7 mice, multiple papillomas in the stomachs of 13 mice, and multiple and large papillary adenocarcinomas in the lungs of 27 animals. The administration of FA suppressed the NFN-induced stomach and lung carcinogenesis. In the group of 32 mice fed NFN and FA, no stomach tumors developed except 1 early-stage of squamous cell carcinoma. In the lungs, only a small focus of mild atypical hyperplasia and a few early-stage adenocarcinomas were noted in 7 and 11 animals, respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗