Biomedical subjects

K Kohri

Publications and source records attributed to K Kohri.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Prevalence of urolithiasis in Kaizuka City, Japan--an epidemiologic study of urinary stones.

BACKGROUND: According to the results of nationwide surveys, the prevalence of urolithiasis has been steadily increasing in Japan. However, these surveys relied on hospital statistics, and there has been no survey of the prevalence of urolithiasis in Japan utilizing postal questionnaires. We surveyed the prevalence of urolithiasis among the inhabitants of Kaizuka City. METHODS: A total of 3,000 inhabitants ranging from 20 to 59 years old were randomly selected from the census register in numbers consistent with the population distribution of each district and sex by municipal computerized system. RESULTS: A total of 1,975 postal questionnaires were returned, and 1,972 (65.7%) were considered valid. Of the respondents, 137 (6.95%) had a history of stones (men; 9.64%, women; 4.51%). The annual incidence of urolithiasis for Kaizuka citizens aged from 20 to 59 years old in 1991 was 0.97%, and the lifetime prevalence of urolithiasis increased linearly with age, and it was 10.3% for respondents in their 50s. In the total survey population of 7,568, which included the respondents and their family members, 342 (4.52%) had a history of stones. Male administrative workers had a significantly higher prevalence than any other occupational group. The monthly expenditure on food by the families of stone formers was significantly greater than that by the families of non-stone formers. CONCLUSION: Extrapolation of the findings suggests that > 10% of the general population (> 13% of men and > 7% of women) can be expected to suffer from urolithiasis at least once in their lifetime.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Transinguinal laparoscopy for nonpalpable testis.

BACKGROUND: About 20% of all undescended testes are nonpalpable. Although surgical exploration was previously the method of choice for management, laparoscopy from the inferior edge of the umbilicus has been established as a useful method of examining a testis that is nonpalpable. However, conventional subumbilical laparoscopy is unnecessary when the testis or its remnant is located below the internal inguinal ring. We evaluated the efficacy of transinguinal laparoscopy after inguinal exploration performed for nonpalpable testis. METHODS: Twelve children with 14 nonpalpable testes (2 children had bilateral nonpalpable testes) were considered for a novel method of laparoscopy. We performed laparoscopy through the internal inguinal ring after opening the inguinal canal. RESULTS: Inguinal exploration revealed the testis or its remnant in 5 patients, and thus prevented unnecessary laparoscopy in these individuals. Transinguinal laparoscopy identified the anatomy in 7 patients. Four of the latter were found to have blind-ending vas deferens and spermatic vessels, while in 3 patients, the testes were located in the peritoneal cavity. CONCLUSION: Transinguinal laparoscopy may become the accepted method for managing nonpalpable testes, as inguinal exploration can eliminate the need for laparoscopy in some cases, and the visualization achieved with transinguinal laparoscopy is just as good as that with conventional laparoscopy.

Child↗

PubMed1996

Aromatase mRNA levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Estrogens are suspected to play a role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. In this study, the expression of aromatase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was determined, and these levels were quantitated, in human prostatic tissues to evaluate the role of estrogens in the pathogenesis of BPH and prostate cancer. METHODS: Prostatic tissues were obtained either by retropubic prostatectomy, radical prostatectomy, or radical cystectomy from patients with BPH, prostate cancer, and bladder cancer. The expression of aromatase mRNA in the prostatic tissues was studied by Southern blot analysis of the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) products. Aromatase mRNA levels were measured in human prostatic tissues by the RT-PCR using a fluorescent primer. RESULTS: Aromatase mRNA was identified in all specimens by Southern blot analysis of the RT-PCR products. The concentrations of aromatase mRNA (mean +/- SD) which were measured by fluorometric quantitation in 16 of 19 patients with BPH and in 3 of 4 patients with prostate cancer, were 1.81 +/- 3.02, and 0.84 +/- 0.27, x 10(-3) attomoles/micrograms of total RNA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate local formation of estrogen in the prostates of patients with BPH and prostate cancer. Controlled studies will be necessary to determine whether this may be a factor in the development of BPH and prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Detection of sex-determining region in a male with chromosomal abnormality (46,X+mar) and hypospadias.

A 1-year-old boy was referred to us because of abnormal external genitalia; that is, his penis was kinked toward the perineal region. We diagnosed hypospadias. Chromosomal examination was performed on a sample of peripheral blood, the karyotype was 46,X+mar. Detailed karyotypic analysis revealed that the short arm of the marker chromosome originated on the ninth chromosome, but we could not determine whether the long arm was part of the Y chromosome, even with the use of quinacrine mustard. The sex-determining region of the Y was detected using the polymerase chain reaction method, which suggested that the long arm of the marker chromosome was delivered from the short arm of the Y chromosome.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1996

The effect of osteopontin on the adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells.

OBJECTIVE: We have recently reported that osteopontin protein (OPN) is present in calcium-containing urinary calculi and in rat distal tubular cells and that it is an important substance of the matrix in urinary stone formation. To investigate how OPN participates in urinary stone formation, we assessed the role of OPN in the adhesion of the surfaces of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, which are distal tubular cells of the dog, to calcium oxalate crystals. METHODS: We cultured MDCK cells with OPN, thrombin, which is an OPN inhibitor, Arg-Gly-Asp peptide and Arg-Gly-Glu peptide as a control for Arg-Gly-Asp peptide, and examined changes in adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to the cells by scanning electron microscopy and the calcium (45Ca) concentration around the cells. RESULTS: The 45Ca concentration in calcium oxalate crystals adhering to MDCK cells was about 1.4 times higher in MDCK cells incubated with OPN than in an MDCK-cell-negative group, and was about one half that in MDCK cells incubated with thrombin than in the group without MDCK cells. CONCLUSION: OPN is considered to be an accelerator of urinary stone formation because of the increase in adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals to the renal distal tubular epithelium in the presence of OPN. These findings suggest that OPN plays an important role in the formation of calcium-containing urinary stones.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[One-stage urethroplasty with the modified OUPF IV for proximal hypospadias].

BACKGROUND: We previously performed one-stage urethroplasy with OUPF IV in 17 patients with proximal hypospadias and experienced meatal stenosis in 3 and meatal regression in 2. METHODS: Because these complications seemed to be caused by diminished vascularity, we modified the technique to preserve the vascularity to the peripheral site of the neourethra. The modified OUPF IV (Koyanagi) was used to treat 6 patients with proximal hypospadias during the last 3 months. RESULTS: Urethrocutaneous fistulas developed in 2 patients but meatal stenosis and meatal regression did not occur. CONCLUSION: We think this modification is suitable for severe proximal hypospadias.

Child↗

PubMed1996

[Random biopsy and recurrence risk in patients with bladder cancer].

BACKGROUND: We studied the relationship between the recurrence rate of primary superficial bladder cancer and random biopsy. METHODS: We performed transurethral resection of primary superficial bladder cancer in 144 patients, and in 55 of those cases a random biopsy was also performed. The non-recurrence rate was examined in many recurrence facters. RESULTS: The non-recurrence rate in the group with random biopsy was not significantly different from that observed in the group (100 patients) without random biopsy (chi 2 test, Generalized Wilcoxon test and multivariate analysis). Because the intravesical instillation therapy is an important inhibition factor in the recurrence rate of the primary superficial bladder cancer, we further analysed the recurrence rate in two non treated groups with or without random biopsy (13 and 35 patients respectively). No significant difference in the rate of recurrence between the two groups was observed. However, we noted recurrence of bladder cancer at biopsy positions in 8/13 patients. CONCLUSION: It appears that random biopsy may have an effect on the recurrence or the implantation of tumor cells. Further studies are needed to clarify whether random biopsy is a risk factor in the recurrence rate of primary superficial bladder cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

[Indications of parathyroidectomy for bone disease associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism].

BACKGROUND: The indications and suitable operative time of parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism were discussed. METHODS: From October 1978 to September 1994 parathyroidectomy was performed for 71 patients who had bone and/or joint pain due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. There were 37 men and 34 women (mean age 48.4 years). The duration of dialysis treatment before parathyroidectomy was 0.8 to 19 years, with a mean of 10.9 years. RESULTS: Postoperative subjective improvement was noted in 69% of the patients. No significant difference was observed between the improved and non-improved groups regarding age and the duration of dialysis treatment. But the improvement rate in female patients was significantly lower than that in male patients. CONCLUSION: Patients with high carboxyl-terminal PTH level and generalized fibrous osteitis were good suitable objects for parathyroidectomy. But, those with high serum aluminum level were unsuitable objects for it. Furthermore, 99mTc-Pyrophosphate bone scintigraphy and bone mineral determination using dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were proved to be valuable for patient selection for parathyroidectomy.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Clinicopathological evaluation of repeated courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation for preventing recurrence of initially resistant superficial bladder cancer.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of repeated courses of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) for superficial bladder cancer was assessed with particular attention to initially resistant cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 75 patients with stages Ta to T1b superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma received 6 weekly instillations of 80 mg. Tokyo strain BCG in 40 ml. saline followed by 6 instillations at monthly intervals. If tumors recurred, another course of treatment was given with surgery. RESULTS: Of 17 patients (22.7%) with recurrent tumor at followup periods of up to 84 months 12 received an additional course of BCG instillations according to the same protocol after transurethral resection of bladder tumors, and 10 (83.3%) showed no further recurrence with or without additional surgery and BCG therapy after a median followup of 42.9 months. Thus, the overall success rate with this approach was 90.7% (68 of 75 patients). Comparison of patients with and without recurrence revealed a significant difference in number of tumors before therapy (p < 0.05), and a pronounced tendency (p = 0.00507) for recurrence after prior systemic chemotherapy or intravesical instillation. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that up to 3 courses of repeated intravesical instillation of BCG are effective even for cases that initially did not respond, and that best results may be achieved if no other prior chemotherapy has been attempted.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1995

Effects of anti-nuclear factor kappa B reagents in blocking adhesion of human cancer cells to vascular endothelial cells.

Transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) controls gene expression of a number of genes including cell adhesion molecules such as E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular adhesion molecule 1. These cell adhesion molecules are known to play important roles in a critical step of tumor metastasis, arrest of tumor cells onto the venous or capillary bed of the target organ. NF kappa B is activated by extracellular signals such as those elicited by proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 (IL-1). Here we demonstrate that IL-1 beta induces nuclear translocation of NF kappa B in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, followed by induction of cell surface expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular adhesion molecule 1, and subsequently augments adhesion of those cancer cells expressing sialyl Lewis X antigen, a ligand to E-selectin. We have also demonstrated that the adhesion of tumor cells to IL-1 beta-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be inhibited by anti-NF kappa B reagents such as N-acetyl L-cysteine, aspirin, or pentoxifylline. These observations indicate the involvement of NF kappa B in cancer metastasis and the feasibility of using anti-NF kappa B reagents in preventing metastasis.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Transurethral injection of Teflon paste (TUI) was carried out in 24 ureters of 16 patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) secondary to neurogenic bladder dysfunction at an age ranging from 4 to 77 years, and the results were compared with those of conventional open surgery. During the mean follow-up period of 20.1 months, reflux disappeared in 19 ureters (79%), so that the success rate of endoscopic operation was considered to be satisfactory as compared with that of conventional open surgery, in which reflux disappeared in 16 (80%) of 20 ureters in 16 patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction at our department. No exacerbation of hydronephrosis was observed postoperatively, and no complication was noted. This procedure, which is minimally invasive and technically simple, may be regarded as the first choice for VUR secondary to neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Identification of osteopontin in human dental calculus matrix.

Osteopontin is a prominent non-collagenous component of bone matrix, although it is expressed in several other tissues. Recently, osteopontin was reported to be involved in urinary stone formation and atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta, suggesting that it may be a key protein associated with these types of pathological mineralization. In this study, whether or not human dental calculus contains osteopontin was investigated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses. After extraction of calculus proteins with EDTA and separation of the proteins by electrophoresis, immunoblotting analysis revealed the presence of osteopontin. Two forms of osteopontin appeared at 61 and 68 kDa on 10% polyacrylamide gel and the proteins were digested with thrombin, a highly specific protease. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that osteopontin was localized in dental calculus adherent to tooth roots. These findings indicate that osteopontin is, in fact, present in human dental calculus and may be involved in calculus formation as the stone matrix.

Dental Calculus↗

PubMed1995

Expression of bone-related protein messenger RNA in human meningiomas: possible involvement of osteopontin in development of psammoma bodies.

Meningiomas often contain concentric calcified foci, referred to as psammoma bodies. Since calcium phosphate deposits in both psammoma bodies and bone tissues, we examined whether messenger (m) RNA of bone-related extracellular matrix proteins and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) were expressed in human meningioma tissues. Northern blotting demonstrated the expression of osteopontin (OPN), matrix Gla protein (MGP), osteonectin (ON) and BMP-4 mRNA but not bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and BMP-2 mRNA. In situ hybridization revealed that most OPN mRNA-expressing cells were located around the psammoma bodies in meningothelial whorls. Moreover, combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry on serial sections showed that the OPN mRNA-expressing cells were CD68-positive, suggesting they were macrophages. Immunohistochemistry with anti-OPN antibody and von Kossa staining on the adjacent section showed that the deposition site of OPN protein was consistent with that of calcium phosphate. Neither MGP nor ON mRNA expression appeared to correlate with the calcification. The present result suggests that OPN produced by CD68-positive macrophages may play a significant role for development of psammoma bodies in meningiomas.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

Possible role of osteopontin in deposition of calcium phosphate in human pilomatricomas.

Human pilomatricomas are benign epidermal appendage tumors composed of hair matrix-like basaloid cells and keratinized remnant cells referred to as shadow cells. Deposition of calcium phosphate usually occurs in the shadow cell nests. Because osteopontin is believed to be involved in the deposition of calcium phosphate in bones, we asked whether osteopontin messenger RNA also is expressed in pilomatricomas. Using Northern blotting and in situ hybridization we detected osteopontin messenger RNA in pilomatricoma tissues but not in normal skin tissue. By the combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, osteopontin messenger RNA-expressing cells were identified as CD68-positive macrophages surrounding the shadow cell nests. Immunohistochemistry of anti-human osteopontin antibodies revealed that the localization of osteopontin protein was consistent with that of calcium phosphate. The present results suggest that osteopontin produced by macrophages may play a significant role in the deposition of calcium phosphate in the shadow cell nests of pilomatricomas.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Laparoscopic gonadectomy for testicular feminization syndrome.

Laparoscopic gonadectomy was performed on a patient with complete androgen insensitivity (testicular feminization syndrome). In the case presented here, although the gonads were free, the omentum which was adhering to the right inguinal ring, possibly as a result of previous inguinal hernia repair, obscured the right gonad. The left gonad was located behind the sigmoid colon. We present our laparoscopic experience in managing this case of testicular feminization syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Detection and monitoring of simple renal cysts with computed tomography.

We retrospectively investigated the incidence of simple renal cysts in 1,288 healthy subjects, and monitored the growth and formation of such cysts in 39 subjects using abdominal computed tomography (CT). Simple renal cysts were detected in 138 (10.7%) of the 1,288 subjects. The incidence of simple renal cysts increased significantly with the subject's age (p < 0.001). We found that cyst size increased significantly with age and over time on serial CT studies (p < 0.001). Exoparenchymal cysts, comprising greater than 50% of extraparenchymal lesions, were significantly larger than endoparenchymal cysts (p < 0.001), and showed a greater tendency to increase in size over time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Osteopontin mRNA in the kidney on an experimental rat model of renal stone formation without renal failure.

We had sequenced a cDNA of calcium oxalate urinary stone protein extracted with 0.1 M EDTA. cDNA sequences showed complete homology between urinary stone protein and human osteopontin (OPN, bone sialoprotein I). In the present study, we investigated the expression of OPN mRNA in the rat kidney in an experimental model of renal stone formation using glyoxylic acid and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (D3). In the renal stone formation model with and without renal failure, OPN mRNA was shown to be localized by in situ hybridization using an OPN cRNA probe mainly in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, and was enhanced compared with the normal control which was sporadically positive. By Northern blot analysis, the expression of OPN mRNA was shown to be increased by about 5.2-fold in the renal stone formation model and 2.3-fold in D3-administered rats compared with controls. However, no change in the expression of OPN mRNA was observed in an acute renal failure model induced by gentamicin or in rats administered glycoxylic acid alone. Therefore, the promotion of OPN mRNA expression was intrinsic to this stone formation model, and not secondary to acute renal failure because of obstruction by microcrystals in the renal tubules or gentamicin.

Acute Kidney Injury↗

PubMed1995

[Renal transplant calculi in a renal allograft treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in a patient with persistent hyperparathyroidism: a case report].

Between 1984 and 1991, six of 105 renal transplant recipients at our institution formed urinary tract calculi after transplantation (5.7%). In these 6 patients, one case of nephrolithiasis in a transplanted kidney was treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). A 37-year-old woman underwent cadaveric renal transplantation twenty months before, and her renal function remained stable. However calculi in the transplanted kidney and bladder were formed and ESWL was used for the treatment of the renal calculus in the transplanted kidney. She was discharged from the hospital two weeks postoperatively while passing small gravel in the urine after successful fragmentation of the calculus without any major complications. As follow-up KUB film two weeks later demonstrated that all stone fragments had been passed, but she was treated again by ESWL four months later because IVP films four weeks later revealed recurrent calculi in the transplanted kidney. The stones were fragmented successfully and spontaneously passed with voiding. Moreover we performed total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation for persistent hyperparathyroidism, with subsequent good clinical results.

Adult↗