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Biomedical subjects

K Kohri

Publications and source records attributed to K Kohri.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Operative methods for severe hypospadias].

BACKGROUND: Pediatric urologists tend to use one-stage procedures for the repair of hypospadias. As there are various types of hypospadias, we cannot repair this disease with a single modality. It is difficult to estimate the exact length of the neourethra in cases of severe hypospadias before surgery. METHODS: After a circumferential incision is made about the coronal sulcus and the chordee is completely released, the distance between the glans tip and the retreated native meatus is measured to determine the length of the neourethra. Urethroplasty with the method of Transverse Preputial Island Flap (TPIF) is selected when the distance ranges from 3 to 4 cm, while urethroplasty using with modified OUPF IV (Koyanagi) is selected in cases of more than 4 cm. RESULTS: We performed surgery on 14 hypospadiac patients with chordee between April 1996 and April 1997. Eight patients underwent urethroplasty using the TPIF method and 6 underwent urethroplasty with the method of the modified OUPF IV. With the TPIF methods, 7 to 8 patients underwent repair successfully and one experienced urethrocutaneous fistula, while 5 of 6 treated by the modified OUPF IV method has successful repairs and meatal stenosis occurred in one patient. CONCLUSION: Even if we encounter severe hypospadias, we can treat these patients with one stage repair alternatively. A relatively high success rate was obtained with both methods to repair severe hypospadias.

Child↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical efficacy of sairei-to in prevention of recurrence of urethral stenosis: report of two cases].

Sairei-to has been reported to inhibit granulation and fibroblast proliferation. We administered Sairei-to (9.0 g/day) to two 77-year-old men with repeated urethral stenosis after transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P) and examined its clinical effects. Urethral stricture did not recur in these patients for 7 to 8 months. There were no side effects in these patients. Sairei-to is suggested to be useful to prevent recurrence of urethral stricture after a transurethral procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Hormone tolerance mechanism of prostate cancer].

One of the delicate problems in a cancer treatment is the acquisition of a tolerance for a medicine. Antiandrogen treatment is valid in treatment of prostate cancer, but the disease develops into hormone-refractory prostate cancer after a uniformity period. The molecular mechanisms of recurrence and endocrine therapy failure in prostate cancer have remained unclear. In this paper we discuss the hormone-refractory prostate cancer that has been reported by many investigators.

Androgen Antagonists↗
PubMed1998

[A case of successful hypospadias repair without infection using recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for idiopathic neutropenia].

A boy aged 1 year 8 months, who was referred to our hospital because of hypospadias, was followed for 17 months under a diagnosis of idiopathic neutropenia. He was given recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) at a dosage of 37.5 micrograms/day for 2 days preoperatively. His absolute neutrophil count in peripheral blood increased to more than 500/microliter, and hypospadias repair (free graft method) was performed. RhG-CSF was administered on the first, sixth, and eleventh days after the operation, and the postoperative course was uneventful. During pediatric surgery in patients with neutropenia, appropriate administration of rhG-CSF may be useful for preventing infection.

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor↗
PubMed1998

Osteopontin antisense oligonucleotide inhibits adhesion of calcium oxalate crystals in Madin-Darby canine kidney cell.

PURPOSE: We previously suggested that osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in the process of deposited calcium crystals adhesion to cells in the early stages of urolithiasis. To further confirm this theory, we tried to inhibit OPN expression at the translational level and examined its cellular biological consequence on the formation and adhesion process of crystals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We synthesized antisense and sense oligonucleotide corresponding to an appropriate part of the coding sequence for OPN in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. With the aid of lipofection reagent DOTAP, antisense and sense oligonucleotide were introduced into MDCK cells grown in a confluent monolayer. After further incubation, inhibition of OPN expression in the cells was assessed by immunofluorescence photomicrography, and formation of calcium oxalate crystals was quantitated by incorporation of 45Ca into the stone and visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS: Antisense oligonucleotide at concentrations higher than 20 microM inhibited synthesis of OPN. Incorporation of 45Ca into the calculus stone was inhibited by the addition of oligonucleotide in a concentration dependent manner in a range above 20 microM. More than 90% of incorporation was inhibited at 50 microM as compared to control. Inhibition of calcium crystal formation was confirmed by SEM. CONCLUSIONS: OPN was shown as a major component in the extracellular matrix involving the formation and adhesion of calcium crystals in the distal renal tubular cells, suggesting that OPN plays an important role in stimulating deposition and adhesion of calculus crystals to cells in the early stages of urolithiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Composite pheochromocytoma with ganglioneuroma in the adrenal gland: a case report].

A 67-year-old male demonstrated a right adrenal tumor at another hospital, and consulted our hospital for surgical treatment. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 13 x 12 cm mass in the right adrenal region. Serum and urinary adrenaline levels were high, and the catecholamine levels in the blood sample of the selective adrenal vein were also high. The tumor was 1,325 g in weight and 13 x 9 x 18 cm in diameter. Pathological diagnosis was a mixed neuroendocrine-neural tumor. It was composed of pheochromocytoma and ganglioneuroma. This combination in the adrenal gland is rare. We reviewed 3 previously reported cases of composite pheochromocytoma with gangloineuroma in the adrenal gland in the Japanese literature, and this is considered to be the fourth case.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1997

Efficient transfer of genes into senescent cells by adenovirus vectors via highly expressed alpha v beta 5 integrin.

Although various methods for transferring genes into mammalian cells have been established, none have been successful with senescent cells. In this report, we present evidence of the efficient transfer of a gene into human senescent fibroblasts using an adenoviral vector. By employing a recombinant adenovirus vector harboring the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad-CAG beta NR), we observed a good correlation between the proportion of beta-galactosidase positive cells and population doubling of the infected cells. In addition, 1.5- to 6.0-fold greater beta-galactosidase activity was observed in senescent fibroblasts (population doubling [PD] = 58) than in young cells (PD = 15). Western blotting analysis revealed that, compared with young fibroblasts, senescent fibroblasts expressed larger amounts of alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3 integrins which were thought to form part of the adenovirus receptor. These results suggest that higher expression of alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3 integrins in senescent cells renders them more sensitive to adenovirus infection than young cells. Thus, adenovirus vectors may prove to be useful in gene therapy strategies directed against senescence-related disorders.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1997

Specific detection of kappa light chain in uric acid stones.

Proteins were extracted from uric acid stones with 6M guanidine chloride (pH 8.5), which were successively developed by 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Amino acid sequence analysis of each band on SDS-PAGE revealed that major components in uric acid stones were immunoglobulin alpha heavy and kappa light chains. Although immunoglobulin heavy chain (gamma and mu, as well as alpha) and a kappa light chain were clearly detected in uric acid stones by Western blotting using their specific antibodies, no lambda chains whatsoever could be detected. The results suggest that immunoglobulins selectively containing kappa light chain might have specific functions in uric acid stone formation as stone matrices.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Urethral recurrence of an urachal carcinoma: a case report.

A 68-year-old man presented with microscopic hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary and pedunculated tumor in the bladder dome which, on punch biopsy, proved to be adenocarcinoma. Partial cystectomy and urachal remnant resection were performed. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as an urachal tumor. Four months after surgery, multiple posterior urethral tumors were found; punch biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma, which was quite similar to the previous tumor. Based on the histopathological examination of the transurethrally resected tissue, the urethral tumor was diagnosed as a recurrence of the urachal carcinoma. No evidence of either tumor recurrence or metastasis was found within the 15 months following the second surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Endoscopic injection of Teflon for correction of primary vesicoureteral reflux in children.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of vesicoureteral reflux by endoscopic injection of Teflon paste has recently demonstrated a good success rate. This report describes our experience in treating vesicoureteral reflux in children with particular reference to follow-up data. METHODS: Between December 1993 and November 1994, endoscopic injection of Teflon paste into the submucosa was performed on 18 children (29 ureters) to correct vesicoureteral reflux. RESULTS: After treatment, reflux was eliminated in 75.9%, decreased in 13.8%, and unchanged in 10.3% of the ureters. The success rate was lower for high grade reflux cases and ureteral orifices with abnormal shapes. CONCLUSION: Long-term follow-up for up to 2 years demonstrated that although late recurrence may occur in a small proportion of cases, the procedure is safe, simple and effective for correcting vesicoureteral reflux.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Identification of calprotectin, a calcium binding leukocyte protein, in human dental calculus matrix.

Calprotectin is a calcium binding protein produced by leukocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells, and its levels in several tissues increase during infections and in many inflamed areas, suggesting that it may be an indicator of inflammatory activity. Osteopontin is a prominent phosphorylated glycoprotein in bone matrix, having calcium binding capacity. Recently, it has been reported that calprotectin and osteopontin are present in urinary stones (pathological mineralized masses in the body), and that these proteins may be involved in their formation. Dental calculus formed by mineralization of dental plaque is an inflammatory factor which may contribute to periodontal disease. It contains many organic components involved in mineralization. We recently found osteopontin molecules in human dental calculus and suggested that the components of its matrix may be similar to those of urinary stones. In this study, we investigated the presence of calprotectin in human dental calculus by immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses using a specific antibody for calprotectin. After fixation and demineralization of dental calculi adhered to tooth roots, sections embedded in paraffin were immunoreacted with the antibody for calprotectin and positive immunostaining for calprotectin was observed. Dental calculus proteins were then extracted with EDTA and separated by electrophoresis on 15% polyacrylamide gels. By immunoblotting analysis, 3 or 4 bands were observed at 11, 14.5, 22-25, 28 or 36.5 kDa and these patterns corresponded to those of calprotectin subunits. When non-immune rabbit serum was used instead of calprotectin-specific antibody as a negative control, no immunoreactivity was observed. These findings indicate that calprotectin is associated not only with antibacterial action but also with calcium binding capacity during dental calculus formation.

Calcium-Binding Proteins↗
PubMed1997

[A study of the indication for conservative surgery in adult hydronephrosis based on presurgery post-contrast computed tomography (CT) finding].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECT: The cases with adult hydronephrosis are usually performed either conservative surgery or nephrectomy according to the grade of residual renal function. The residual renal function of adult hydronephrosis are usually suspected with analysis of concentration and/or clearance of the renal urine content after percutaneous nephrostomy. However, percutaneous nephrostomy is invasive and risky. On the other hand, post-contrast computed tomography (CT) is non-invasive. We studied whether post-contrast CT is available for the assessment of residual renal function of adult hydronephrosis and also studied the indication for conservative surgery of adult hydronephrosis on post-contrast CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Conservative surgery or nephrectomy was performed in 14 patients with adult hydronephrosis in the duration from April, 1986 to March, 1995. All of 14 patients (14 kidneys) hydronephrosis were retrospectively studied of the character in the indication for conservative surgery by post-contrast CT before surgery. RESULTS: The indication for conservative surgery of adult hydronephrosis on post-contrast CT are (1) well enhanced renal parenchyma exist round the kidney, even if it is very thin, and (2) excretion of contrast medium to renal calyx are showed. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that post-contrast CT might be useful for the assessment of residual renal function of adult hydronephrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Effect of Chorei-to on spontaneous discharge of urinary stones after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)].

To enhance stone elimination following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), we administered Tsumura Chorei-to to 74 patients who underwent the procedure at Kinki University School of Medicine and Kanbara Hospital between July 1990 and March 1991. We established a control group of 75 patients without medication. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender, age, stone size (mostly less than 20 mm), and stone position. The mean number of days required for complete stone elimination was 16.0 days in the Chorei-to administration group being significantly shorter than the 21.5 days in the control group (p < 0.001). These findings suggested that Chorei-to effectively enhanced the spontaneous discharge of fragmented stones following ESWL.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Transurethral incision for ureterocele in children].

Transurethral incision (TUI) was performed as the initial treatment in 10 children with ureteroceles. Three patients had ureteroceles associated with a single ureter. TUI relieved hydronephrosis and preserved renal function in all 3 cases. Urinary tract infection developed in no patients. However, all the patients required an antireflux operation because of postoperative vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Seven children had a total of 8 ureteroceles associated with a duplex system. TUI resulted in preservation of the upper pole function in 6 of the 8 ureteroceles. Urinary tract infections and VUR developed in 3 and 7 patients, respectively. Common sheath reimplantation was performed in 2 ureteroceles. TUI relieves obstruction before the onset of devastating infections although it carries the risk of postoperative VUR. We recommend TUI as the initial treatment for ureteroceles associated with both single and duplex systems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Detection of osteopontin as matrix protein in calcium-containing urinary stones.

Osteopontin (OPN) has been identified as a matrix protein of calcium oxalate urinary stones by sequencing c-DNA for urinary stone protein. OPN, a phosphoprotein, is susceptible to thrombin digestion and specifically stainable with Stains-All. We examined the matrix in 4 kinds of urinary stones, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid; for the presence of OPN by staining thrombin-digestion and undigested matrix with Stains-All. Matrix was extracted with a 0.1 M ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution. Furthermore, the amino acid sequence was determined for the NH2-terminal 20 amino acid residues. OPN was identified in calcium oxalate dihydrate and calcium phosphate stones, but was absent in magnesium ammonium phosphate and uric acid stones. Our findings suggest that OPN, which binds tightly to hydroxyapatite and is related to bone formation as bone matrix, also participates in the formation of calcium-containing urinary stones.

Calcium Oxalate↗
PubMed1996

Testosterone metabolism in primary cultures of epithelial cells and stroma from benign prostatic hyperplasia.

We studied the metabolism of testosterone in primary cultures of prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts obtained from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The conversion of 3H-testosterone in both cell cultures was predominantly to the oxidative pathway, with the formation of 3H-androstenedione increasing with cell number and time of incubation. Although we also detected some 5 alpha-reductase activity in these cells, the activity in the stroma component (0.00688 pmol/mg protein/min) was nonetheless insignificant when compared to the 5 alpha-reductase activity in the tissue of origin (0.0616 pmol/mg protein/min) and well below the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the same cells (0.0518 pmol/mg protein/min). The aromatase activity in our cells was also measured by two separate techniques, but neither the deuterium procedure nor the production of oestrone from androgen precursors yielded any positive results, suggesting that under these experimental conditions there was no aromatase activity within the cells. The shift from the reductive to the oxidative pathways in these primary cell cultures was reminiscent of the androgen-metabolizing enzyme profiles seen in poorly differentiated prostate cancer. Whether this transition is an obligatory step in the development of hormone refractiveness remains to be elucidated.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗