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Biomedical subjects

K Kohri

Publications and source records attributed to K Kohri.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[An assessment of the social welfare system in the United Kingdom].

This report describes the British social welfare system with reference to expected future developments in Japanese medical care. In developed countries where the average life expectancy is high, a large percentage of the population is elderly, resulting in high social welfare expenditure. In Britain, the "social welfare state", the average life expectancy is similar to that of other developed countries, while expenditure by the Department of Health and Social Security is considered to be the lowest. For example, expenditure on medical care for an average elderly man is approximately 60% of that in Japan. Some of the reasons are as follows. The family practitioner services are medical services given to patients by doctors of their own choice. The family doctor undertakes the initial diagnosis and management, but may refer the patients for either specialized services or hospital consultation. The general basis for remuneration of the family doctor is a standard capitation fee and an allowance. This system does not lead to over diagnosis or excessive treatment. The numbers of medical consultations performed and prescriptions issued by British doctors is lower than that in Japan. In Japan the number of elderly persons who are incapable of caring for themselves is increasing and poses not only a financial burden, but also a social problem. In the UK, these patients are cared for by social welfare workers (Japanese nurses) or at health centres (unlike Japanese hospitals and homes for the aged) which is less costly than inpatient hospital care. The Government is responsible for the National Health Service.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1987

[Three cases of non-functioning adrenal tumor].

The nonfunctioning adrenal tumor is a rare disease. These tumors are difficult to diagnose because they usually remain asymptomatic. Recently computerized tomography (CT) scan has been used because it shows retroperitoneal anatomic details. Three cases of nonfunctioning adrenal tumors are reported. All were found by CT scan. The diagnostic methods and treatment are discussed. The most useful radiologic study of nonfunctioning adrenal tumor is CT scan and the early surgical approach remains the mainstay of treatment.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical effects of allylestrenol on prostatic hypertrophy].

Clinical effects of allylestrenol were studied on 26 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy with urinary disturbances. Allylestrenol was administered at the dose of 50 mg/day given twice a day for more than 10 weeks. Evaluation of the drug efficacy was made based on urodynamic and ultrasonographic findings. One of the 26 cases dropped due to a side-effect (vertigo) and another due to defusal of treatment. The efficacy rate was 50%. Side-effects were observed in 2 cases (1 with decrease of potency and the other with vertigo) but were mild. It was concluded that allylestrenol is useful for treatment of urinary disturbances caused by prostatic hypertrophy.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I and type II B: report of two cases].

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) is rare. We report two cases of type I and type IIb MEN. A 41-year-old female visited our clinic with a complaint of spontaneous discharge of urinary stones. Right lobe of the thyroid had been resected in previous operation for cancer. She was diagnosed to have hyperparathyroidism from hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and a small tumor in the neck. Left upper parathyroid and a lymphnode beside the left lower part of the thyroid were extirpated. Pathological examination revealed the former as adenoma and the later as metastasis of thyroid cancer. Since multiple pancreatic tumors and pituitary tumor were later detected, she was diagnosed to have type I MEN. Recently, her serum calcium level again elevated. A 27-year-old male visited our clinic with complaints of multiple tongue tumors, malfanoid habitus and characteristic facies, such as lip hypertrophy, everted eyelids and prognathism. This characteristic subjective picture made type IIb MEN doubtful. Medullary thyroid cancer was discovered, but pheochromocytomas could not be found.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. I. The production of renal calcinosis by cyclic AMP injection in rat].

We found that a few patients with urolithiasis had normal parathyroid hormone levels but high cyclic AMP excretion. The purpose of this paper was to study the endocrinological mechanism. Male rats were given intraperitoneally dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP), a derivative of cyclic AMP, per 100 gm of body weight for 50 days. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Crystal formation or calcification in mainly the dystal tubules and collecting system were found in 3 out of 10 rats, and renal calcium stones in 2 rats. The cyclic AMP of the renal parenchyma, especially the renal medulla, was elevated by more than 100 times after DBcAMP administration. Serum calcium levels, urinary calcium and phosphate excretion, and the adrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were significantly increased. Serum parathyroid hormone was slightly enhanced, but vitamin D and the noradrenaline levels of the renal parenchyma were not changed. Based on these findings, it is suspected that stone formation in rats injected DBcAMP occurs through the action of DBcAMP on the renal tubules to increase urinary calcium excretion and to make renal stones as a form of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of ACTH on parathyroid function and calcium metabolism].

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. PTH is mainly regulated by the serum calcium concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether PTH is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or not. ACTH (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism PHP, 7 patients with urolithiasis, 7 patients with malignant hypercalcemia, and 6 control subjects. Serum calcium was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum calcium increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum calcium. PTH was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum cortisol and ACTH concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. PTH concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after ACTH addition. Serum calcium was significantly increased after ACTH injection in an adrenalectomized rat, and decreased in a parathyroidectomized rat. From our data and those of others, it appears that ACTH acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum calcium concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1985

[Transurethral ultrasonography for bladder tumor staging].

A transurethral ultrasonographic study of diagnosing the stage of bladder tumors was made on 35 cases whose pathological stages were confirmed by transurethral resection or total cystectomy. Ultrasonographic diagnoses were in accordance with the pathological stages in 29 (82.9%) out of 35 cases. Restricted to 12 cases whose histological findings were examined by total cystectomy, the accuracy was 83.3%. Transurethral ultrasonography is considered to be a very useful method for bladder tumor staging.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Relation between parathyroid hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Parathyroid hormone is concerned with urolithiasis, and regulated by serum ionized calcium concentration. We thought that parathyroid hormone might also be regulated by a hormone. 1 mg of ACTH injection was given intramuscularly to 6 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, 6 patients with urolithiasis, and 5 control subjects. Serum calcium significantly increased 2 h after ACTH injection in primary hyperparathyroidism. However in the other two groups, an increase of serum calcium was not observed. Parathyroid hormone increased after ACTH injection in most subjects of all three groups. Calcium concentration in a culture medium of parathyroidectomy increased in 4 cases, and the parathyroid hormone concentration in the culture medium increased in 3 cases after ACTH addition. From these data, we believe that ACTH directly influences the parathyroid glands, and that calcium is released from the parathyroid cells. Therefore, the decrease in calcium concentration in the parathyroid cells activates the excretion of parathyroid hormone. The fact that serum parathyroid hormone increases in most subjects in all groups supports our hypothesis, namely that ACTH acts directly on the parathyroid gland.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1984

Nutritional risk factors in calcium stone disease in Japan.

The purpose of this study is to examine the nutritional environment affecting calcium stone disease in Japan. The following results were obtained. Renal stone disease in the late 1970s increased by about three times than that of the 1940s . Fats and oils, animal protein and calcium intake increased remarkably after the second World War and milk plus milk products, meat and animal products were increased surprisingly compared with 1950. The most ingested nutrients of calcium stone formers were not much different from the results of the National Nutritive Survey in Japan. But the ingested amount of calcium was unexpectedly small and did not reach the level of the daily nutritional requirement in Japanese (15 mmol). The ingested amount of total protein correlated with urinary calcium excretion and had the highest coefficient of determination to the urinary calcium excretion by multiple regression analysis. We have finished our research of individual dietary habits and suggest that the following individual dietary guidance is the primary treatment for the prophylaxis of renal stone disease.

Adult↗