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Biomedical subjects

K Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.

At least 613 records · Page 34Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Remarkable improvement of clinical status in a patient with multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract after repetitive chemotherapy.

The effect of repeated courses of chemotherapy on gastrointestinal tumors seen in a 43 year-old male patient with multiple lymphomatous polyposis involving the entire gastrointestinal tract was presented. Numerous polypoid lesions from the stomach to the rectum were the characteristic finding in this case. The biopsied specimens from polyps either of the stomach or large intestine showed diffuse lymphocytic accumulation in the submucosa, which is consistent with multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. Remarkable regression of the large masses in the gastrointestinal tract was obtained by two courses of VEMP therapy, along with improvement of hypoalbuminemia and a positive CRP. Recurrence of gastrointestinal masses in the cecum and rectum was also eliminated by six courses of CHOP therapy, and a total of nine courses of CHOP therapy led to complete disappearance of masses in the gastrointestinal tract. The present case is different from the others in terms of the following viewpoints that first the ensuing large masses favorably responded to repetitive chemotherapy, secondly the histopathological findings remained benign despite the fact that large nodular masses had recurred in the cecum and rectum, and thirdly the pathological changes were still confined to the gastrointestinal tract without developing systemic malignant manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

In vivo effects of epidermal and fibroblast growth factors on DNA replication in mouse skin.

A method was developed for measuring in vivo DNA synthesis after exposure to epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in a local area of mouse skin using ring-shaped forceps in combination with autoradiography. The technique should be useful for analysing the effects of growth factors on individual cells of the skin in vivo. EGF induced semisynchronized DNA synthesis in basal cells of the epidermis dose-dependently, but FGF did not. Time course study showed that EGF-induced DNA synthesis in basal cells increased with time for 24 h, and then decreased rapidly. EGF-induced DNA synthesis in basal cells was proportional to the time exposed to EGF (0-60 min). FGF and EGF both had little effect on dermal fibroblastic cells. The discrepancy between in vivo observations and those with cultured mammalian cells is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of captopril on plasma prostacyclin concentration in essential hypertensive patients.

To determine the influence of captopril on prostaglandins, the levels of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, the stable products of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2, respectively, were measured in 9 essential hypertensive subjects by radioimmunoassay before, 1 hour after a single oral 25 mg dose of captopril, and 2 weeks after administration of oral 25 mg captopril twice daily. A significant increase in plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels occurred after 2 weeks (p less than 0.05), but after 1 hour the increment was not significant. Plasma thromboxane B2 remained unchanged. Mean blood pressure fell significantly (p less than 0.02 after 1 hour, p less than 0.005 after 2 weeks) and plasma renin activity increased significantly after both periods (p less than 0.01 after 1 hour, p less than 0.02 after 2 weeks). There was no significant correlation between changes in blood pressure and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha for either time period. These results suggest that the elevation of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha by captopril therapy was not responsible for reducing blood pressure, while enhanced plasma prostacyclin as a chronic response may contribute to prevention of thrombotic disorders and organ damage.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

Expression of a synthetic human growth hormone gene in yeast.

A synthetic human growth hormone (hGH) gene was efficiently expressed under the control of the repressible acid phosphatase promoter in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). More than 10(6) molecules of hormone were formed per cell despite the fact that the gene was constructed with codon preference for Escherichia coli.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Isolation of bovine platelet cationic proteins which inhibit the surface-mediated activation of factor XII and prekallikrein.

A possible role of bovine platelets in the surface-mediated activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein was studied, using the contact system reconstituted with the purified proteins from bovine plasma. The washed platelets before and after aggregation by ADP, thrombin or collagen did not show any ability to trigger or accelerate the activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein. On the contrary, these aggregates showed a potent inhibitory activity on the activation of those zymogens triggered by kaolin, amylose sulfate and sulfatide. The inhibitory substances from the supernatant of the thrombin-induced aggregates were separated into two major fractions, a low affinity fraction and a high affinity fraction, on a heparin-Sepharose column. The high affinity protein was identified as platelet factor 4, based on the amino acid composition. From the low affinity fraction, a beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG)-like substance and three kinds of unknown proteins, named LA1, LA2, and LA3, were isolated by gel-filtration on a column of Sephadex G-100 or Sephadex G-75 followed by chromatography on a column of Mono S. The molecular weights of LA1, LA2, and LA3 were estimated to be 35,000, 26,000, and 11,000, respectively, on SDS-PAGE. LA2 was identified as a carbohydrate-less LA1, as judged from the amino acid composition and carbohydrate content. The inhibitory activities of these five cationic proteins on the activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein mediated with amylose sulfate, sulfatide and kaolin were different from each other. In the case of kaolin-mediated activation, LA3 was the most potent inhibitor, while platelet factor 4 and beta-TG-like substance did not show any significant inhibitory activity. Moreover, the inhibitory activities of all the cationic proteins were not correlated with their anti-heparin activities. Since these proteins were rapidly liberated from platelets by the action of the stimulants, the present results demonstrate a negative role of platelets in the surface-mediated activation of Factor XII and prekallikrein.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1985

Nucleotide sequence of a cloned woodchuck hepatitis virus genome: evolutional relationship between hepadnaviruses.

We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned DNA of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), the most oncogenic virus among hepadnaviruses. The genome, designated WHV2, is 3,320 base pairs long and contains four major open reading frames (ORFs) coded on the same strand of nucleotide sequence as in the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequences deduced from it among the genomes of various hepadnaviruses demonstrates that each protein shows an intrinsic property in conserving its amino acid sequence. A parameter, the ratio of the number of triplets with one-letter change but no amino acid substitution to the total number of triplets in which one-letter change occurred, was introduced to measure the intrinsic properties quantitatively. For each ORF, the parameter gave characteristic values in all combinations. Therefore, the relative evolutional distance between these hepadnaviruses can be measured by the amino acid substitution rate of any ORF. These comparisons suggest that (i) the difference between two WHV clones, WHV1 and WHV2, corresponds to that among clones of a HBV subtype, HBVadr, and (ii) WHV and ground squirrel hepatitis virus can be categorized in a way similar to the subgroups of HBV.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

A Japanese survey on first attempts of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Experiences of the initial application of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in Japan performed during 1980-1981 at the multicenter level were analyzed. A survey in 72 cases which were collected from 12 centers showed an overall success rate of 64.7%, unimproved stenotic lesions in 8.1% and unpassable lesions in 24.3% of the cases. Complications were death of the patient in 2(2.8%), acute myocardial infarction in 6(8.3%) and dissection of the coronary artery in 3 cases (4.2%). Aortocoronary bypass graft surgery was performed in 8 cases (11.1%).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of coronary hemodynamic and cardiac metabolic alterations during coronary artery spasm associated with ST segment elevation or depression.

Coronary vasospasms are usually indicated by ST elevation or depression in the electrocardiogram (ECG). To test the hypothesis that ST elevation represents more severe myocardial ischemia than does ST depression, we determined the coronary sinus blood flow (CSBF) and the transcardiac lactate extraction ratio (LER) in 19 selected patients who had focal vasospasms in the left anterior descending artery. In 10 patients, ergonovine (0.11 +/- 0.02 mg, mean +/- SEM) provoked severe (total or subtotal) coronary vasospasm with ST elevation. Under these conditions, CSBF significantly decreased (from 97 +/- 8 ml/min to 79 +/- 5 ml/min, p less than 0.01) with a marked reduction in LER (from 29 +/- 5% to -14 +/- 6%, p less than 0.01). In contrast, 10 vasospastic events with ST depression after ergonovine (0.15 +/- 0.04 mg, NS) were recognized as mild spastic narrowing or severe spasms with well developed collateral circulation. Alteration of CSBF was significant in only a few patients and the overall CSBF response was non-significant (from 106 +/- 12 ml/min to 103 +/- 13 ml/min). The reduction in LER in this group was less pronounced than those in patients with ST elevation (p less than 0.05). These results indicate that coronary vasospasm with ST elevation may be related to the more pronounced reduction in coronary blood flow accompanied by more severe myocardial ischemia. Such observations may support the contention that some ischemic events associated with ST elevation or depression can be interpreted as a continuous spectrum of vasospastic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

VMA mass screening program of neuroblastoma for infants in Nagoya City, Japan.

In Nagoya City, Japan, VMA mass screening for detection of neuroblastoma has been performed since 1977. Filter paper strips wetted with urine are mailed to a central laboratory. Positive tests are followed up by more definitive testing. Of the 20,053 urine samples of 6-month-old infants tested, January 1977 to March 1983, five asymptomatic infants with neuroblastoma have been discovered. All have been treated and are alive as of January 1984.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

A case of severe dehydration with marked rhabdomyolysis.

A 23-year-old male was admitted to hospital with severe dehydration and hypokalemic myopathy due to secondary aldosteronism. On admission serum sodium and chloride were markedly elevated to 198 mEq/l and 169 mEq/l, respectively, and serum potassium was down to 2.3 mEq/l. Serum electrolytes were normalized by transfusion therapy, but subsequently rhabdomyolysis grew worse due to metabolic abnormalities such as dehydration, hypothermia, oppressive ischemia and metabolic acidosis, at the same time transient polyuria and the elevation of serum myoglobin and enzymes originating in muscle tissue were observed. Serum CPK went up to 26,532 IU/l on the sixth day and other enzymes reached a peak following CPK. Dexamethasone was administered when the increase in enzyme levels caused the patient to fall into a stupor. He rapidly regained consciousness from the 15th day after admission, and he was able to stand up on the 29th day. Serum enzymes originating in muscle tissue decreased gradually to the normal range by the 30th day and no renal failure occurred.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Arachidonic acid metabolism of human granulocytes from asthmatic patients.

Granulocytes from asthmatic patients produced more LTC4 than did normal granulocytes on calcium ionophore stimulation. When granulocytes were stimulated, the rate of increase of AA metabolite participating in bronchospasm was significantly higher in asthmatic granulocyte than in normals; however, the rates of increase in bronchodilating metabolite showed no difference. After stimulation, the total amounts of AA metabolites in asthmatic granulocytes and normal granulocytes showed no difference; however, the ratio between bronchodilating AA metabolites and bronchoconstricting AA metabolites was higher in asthmatic granulocytes.

Arachidonic Acid↗
PubMed1985

[Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography as a noninvasive evaluation of aortic regurgitation].

Continuous wave Doppler echocardiography permits measurement of high blood flow velocity, which is not obtained by conventional pulsed Doppler echocardiography. In this study, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography was used to measure aortic regurgitant flow velocity, and the utility of this method in evaluating aortic regurgitation (AR) was examined. Continuous wave Doppler recordings of the left ventricular outflow were obtained with the guidance of the long-axis two-dimensional echocardiogram from the apex in 20 patients with AR and 10 without AR. In 18 of the 20 patients with AR, Doppler signals of regurgitant flow were successfully detected. The recorded regurgitant flow velocity pattern had characteristic contours: the regurgitant flow was greater than 1.8 m/sec in velocity immediately after aortic valve closure, and gradually decelerated until the next ventricular systole. The Doppler half time index, which was the time profile to decline to 0.5 of the peak velocity, was significantly shortened in accordance with the degree of AR (p less than 0.01). Thus, continuous wave Doppler echocardiography is a simple, useful method for the noninvasive evaluation of AR.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Basic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppositories in the pediatric field].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of ceftizoxime suppository (CZX-S) were performed in 10 children with the following results. CZX-S attained a peak serum concentration of 6.85 micrograms/ml 30 minutes after dosing with the drug 5.6 mg/kg (one suppository of CZX-S contains 250 mg of CZX in potency). The mean 6-hour urinary excretion rate in 4 children was 18.9%. The subjects consisted of 8 patients comprising 1 with pharyngitis, 3 with tonsillitis, 1 with gingivitis and 3 with urinary tract infection. The overall effect of CZX-S was "excellent" in 5 patients and "good" in 3, with an effectiveness rate of 100%. No side effects ascribable to CZX-S were encountered in any of the patients. A few patients complained of discomfort after the first or second insertion of the drug. However, the discharge of the suppository was as infrequent as 1.5% of the total 133 insertions. CZX-S is therefore well tolerated for clinical use in children. It is concluded that the unique suppository formulation of CZX-S is useful in the treatment of infections in children with heavy psychophysiologic disorders and in children who cannot take oral drugs because of severe vomiting.

Bacteria↗