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Biomedical subjects

K Kodama

Publications and source records attributed to K Kodama.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Chemo-hyperthermotherapy following thoracic surgery].

Local radiofrequency hyperthermia combined with chemotherapy was performed on patients with thoracic malignancy, who had under gone non-curative resection because of disseminated pleural involvement or positive surgical margin, and who had metastatic lesions (after curative surgery). In some patients, subjective symptoms were decreased or tumor necrosis was proved cytologically. This therapy may therefore be useful for patients with thoracic malignancy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Cells participating in immunologic memory induced with RNA from the spleens of immunized mice.

Ribonucleic acid (immune RNA, iRNA) extracted from the spleens of mice immunized with heterologous red blood cells induced antigen-specific immunologic memory. The type of cells (T cells, B cells) which participate in immunologic memory induced with iRNA was investigated. Immune RNA-primed T cells cooperated with normal, iRNA-primed or antigen-primed B cells and induced a high IgM response. Immune RNA-primed B cells did not cooperate with normal T cells, but did with iRNA- or antigen-primed T cells. The activities of iRNA-primed T and B cells were antigen-specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of monoclonal antibodies to investigate a possible role of thyroglobulin in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

One possible mechanism for Graves' ophthalmopathy is that the progressive orbital inflammation is initiated by formation of thyroglobulin (Tg)-anti-Tg immune complexes at sites of Tg binding to extraocular muscle membranes. In this study monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) against human Tg were used as probes (1) to identify Tg in eye muscle membranes prepared from normal subjects and (2) to measure binding of human Tg and Tg-anti-Tg immune complexes to eye muscle membranes. Reactivity of anti-Tg MCAB with Tg, thyroid, and eye muscle membranes was determined by binding of [125I]anti-Tg monoclonal antibody, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Seven membrane fractions, prepared by differential sucrose gradient centrifugation, were used. Whereas [125I]anti-Tg MCAB bound to all thyroid membrane fractions tested, no [125I]anti-Tg bound to eye muscle membranes. Similarly, reactivity of anti-Tg MCAB with eye muscle membranes was not demonstrated in ELISA or immunofluorescence tests. Although Tg-anti-Tg immune complexes bound to thyroid membranes, such complexes did not bind to eye muscle membranes. Significant binding of [125I]human Tg to eye muscle or thyroid membranes was not demonstrated for any membrane preparation. On the other hand moderate, but significant, binding to skeletal muscle was shown. Similar results were found using an ELISA. Binding of [125I]anti-Tg-Tg complexes of [125I]Tg to thyroid and eye muscle membranes was not affected by the presence of normal human serum, phosphate ions, pH, or incubation temperature, conditions claimed by others to be critical for Tg and Tg-anti-Tg immune complex binding. Since Tg is not present in normal human eye muscle a major role of Tg, or Tg-anti-Tg immune complexes, in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy appears to have been excluded by these findings.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilator therapy for heart failure in acute myocardial infarction.

Hemodynamic effects of vasodilator agents (molsidomine, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate or prostaglandin I2) were studied in 53 patients with acute myocardial infarction. In 20 of these patients, effect on cardiac metabolism were also studied. Patients were divided into four groups according to the Forrester subset and hemodynamic effects of these agents were evaluated by the cardiac index (CI)-preload (PAEDP) relationship. In patients of Forrester subset II and IV, vasodilators were capable of producing a considerable reduction in preload without a significant decrease in cardiac output. However, in patients of Forrester subset IV, five of six patients had only a minimal improvement in cardiac performance with vasodilator therapy because of a severe pump failure. In these patients, a combination therapy with dopamine was necessary to maintain the cardiac output. In patients with Forrester subset III, vasodilator therapy decreased cardiac index and preload was also reduced. Thus, for these patients vasodilators could not be indicated but volume infusion may be indicated. In patients with Forrester subset I, although vasodilator therapy decreased cardiac output, coronary sinus flow and myocardial oxygen consumption were also decreased, indicating that the vasodilator therapy is also beneficial for patients even without heart failure because of the protective effect of unloading on ischemic myocardium. Three nitrate agents, i.e., molsidomine, nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate, demonstrated the similar effect on hemodynamics; mean blood pressure and PAEDP decreased by 7-10% and 20-29%, respectively, while systemic vascular resistance was not significantly decreased. In contrast to nitrates, PGI2 decreased mean blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance significantly, whereas a decrease in PAEDP was minimal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

Photoprotective role of epidermal melanin granules against ultraviolet damage and DNA repair in guinea pig skin.

We previously developed a quantitative autoradiographic technique with special forceps for measuring unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in mouse skin after treatment with ultraviolet light in vivo. By this method, we investigated the relationship between the protective role of melanin and UV-induced DNA repair in black-and-white guinea pigs. Flat areas containing a sharp border between pigmented and unpigmented skin were selected. The skin of the selected areas was shaved and irradiated with short-wave UV (254 nm) or UV-AB (270 to 440 nm, emission peak at 312 nm) at various doses. Immediately after irradiation, the skin was clamped off with forceps, and an isotonic aqueous solution of [methyl-3H]thymidine was injected s.c. into the clamped off portion. UDS was clearly demonstrated as silver grains in this portion of the skin after irradiation with 254 nm UV or UV-AB. Errors due to individual differences were avoided by comparing the intensities of UDS in basal cells from pigmented skin and unpigmented skin of the same animals. Unexpectedly, in groups of animals treated with 254 nm UV or UV-AB, no difference in UDS in pigmented and unpigmented skin was seen at any UV dose. These results suggested that epidermal melanin granules do not significantly protect DNA of basal cells against 254 nm UV or UV-AB irradiation. Results of a study on the effect of the wavelength of irradiation on the UDS response of albino guinea pigs are also reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[A computed tomography study of myotonic dystrophy].

Mental symptom is one of the characteristic features in myotonic dystrophy, but documentation of mental signs including pathological changes of the brain has been imprecise. An attempt to show the involvement of the central nervous system by CT scan and EEG has been done in our department. The material consists of 14 patients 10 males and 4 females, from 15 to 50 years of age. CT scan of the 14 patients showed diffuse enlargement of lateral and third ventricles without definite atrophy of cerebral cortex and brainstem. Measurements of various parts of the ventricles showed a difference and an increase with age of values compared with that obtained from 49 neurologically normal persons (P less than 0.01). Main findings of EEG taken from 7 patients were slowing and low voltage of background activity, and 4 patients showed monotonous alpha waves. Both asymmetry and paroxysmal waves were not found. There was no significant correlation between the degree of ventricular enlargement and the frequency of the alpha activity (P greater than 0.05). Our study reveals that the ventricular enlargement is more correlated with aging than the severity of muscle involvement or the degree of mental deterioration. This fact possibly reflects a progressive nature of the pathology of the brain, especially the white matter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Sensitive radioimmunoassay for cytarabine and uracil arabinoside in plasma.

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for cytarabine (ara-C) or uracil arabinoside (ara-U) was established by using [3H]ara-C and anti-ara-C antiserum or [3H]ara-U and anti-ara-U antiserum. The antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with ara-C or ara-U hapten conjugated to human albumin. In the present assay, as low as 2.5 ng/ml (0.01 microM) of ara-C or 5 ng/ml (0.02 microM) of ara-U in blood plasma samples could be detected. The cross-reaction of ara-C or ara-U structurally related compounds with each antiserum was so small that the nucleosides could be determined without any purification procedure. The plasma concentration of ara-C and ara-U in mice following oral administration of an antileukemic agent, cytosine arabinoside-5'-stearylphosphate (C18PCA) (100 mg/kg), or ara-C (48 mg/kg) was determined by using this method. In the case of C18PCA administration, ara-C was detectable in blood for at least 24 hours longer than in the case of ara-C administration. This method is suitable for the analysis of ara-C and ara-U, the metabolites of depot drugs of ara-C such as C18PCA.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat stomach mucosa by glandular stomach carcinogens.

Induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) (repair DNA synthesis) in stomach pyloric mucosa of the F344/- DuCrj rat was examined in in vitro organ cultures in the presence of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) and hydroxyurea after administration of chemical carcinogens in vivo. The DNA fraction was extracted from the cultured tissue, and the incorporation of [3H]dThd into DNA was determined in a liquid scintillation counter. DNA concentration was determined spectrophotometrically with either diphenylamine or 3,5- diaminobenzoic acid. A good correlation between induction of UDS and site specificity of carcinogens was observed. The glandular stomach carcinogens N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 70-25-7), N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 63885-23-4), N-propyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (CAS: 56-57-5), and N-nitroso-N-methylurethane (CAS: 615-53-2) induced UDS in the pyloric mucosa of the stomach. UDS could be detected 2-4 hours after administration of carcinogens in vivo by the present method. The forestomach carcinogens 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (CAS: 684-93-5) and aristolochic acid (CAS: 1398-06-7) and the nongastric carcinogens 2-acetylaminofluorene (CAS: 53-96-3), 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole, and dimethylnitrosamine (CAS: 62-75-9) did not induce UDS in the pyloric mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Unscheduled DNA synthesis in human bronchial epithelium treated with various chemical carcinogens in vitro.

A system was developed in which organ culture of human bronchial epithelium was used in combination with autoradiography for quantitative measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchi obtained at surgery were cut into small sections and treated with various carcinogens plus [methyl-3H]thymidine in short-term organ culture. Significant numbers of silver grains, indicating UDS, were detected on the nuclei of epithelial cells of human bronchi treated with carcinogens, and the numbers were proportional to the concentrations of carcinogens. In this system seven representative carcinogens induced UDS. Four active metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene, and benz[a]anthracene also were found to induce very active UDS in human bronchial epithelium. These findings suggest that human bronchial epithelial cells can repair different types of DNA modification induced by chemical carcinogens.

Autoradiography↗