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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Alexander disease: clinical, electrodiagnostic and radiographic studies.

A 10-month-old boy with Alexander disease is described. He was clinically characterized by early onset of megalencephaly, psychomotor retardation, spasticity and recurrent seizure attacks. Pathological examination of the biopsied cerebrum revealed a large number of Rosenthal fibers in the white matter and beneath the pia in association with advanced demyelination. The motor nerve conduction velocity was remarkably delayed, suggesting a possible change of the peripheral nerve. The computerized tomography demonstrated megalencephaly and bilateral symmetrical low density areas in the cerebral white matter, particularly in the frontal region. The preferential involvement of frontal lobes was also confirmed by electroencephalogram and brain scan. The preferential damage of the frontal region in the early stage of the disease may be an important clue to a diagnosis of Alexander disease by computerized tomography, brain scan and electroencephalogram.

Brain↗
PubMed1981

Tracheal banding in weanling rats diminishes lung growth and alters lung architecture.

We banded the trachea of 4-wk-old male rats and studied lung growth, lung morphometry, and static pulmonary mechanics 4 wk later. We compared the experimental animals to sham-operated male littermates of the same age, 8-wk-old normal male littermates, and weight-matched rats of a younger age. Tracheal banded animals were smaller and had significantly smaller absolute lung volumes fewer alveoli, larger interalveolar wall distances, and increased alveolar duct size compared to the other groups. Their lung volumes were significantly smaller than were those of weight-matched controls. Air-filled pressure-volume curves from the tracheal ligation group were shifted to the left and upward when expressed as a percentage of total lung capacity or by fitting exponentials to the pressure-volume curves. There was no difference in saline-filled pressure-volume curves. We conclude that tracheal banding slows somatic growth and alters normal lung growth. Loss of elastic recoil appears to be due to alteration of surface forces.

Airway Resistance↗
PubMed1981

[Clinical studies of cefoxitin in the pediatric field (author's transl)].

1. The in vitro antibacterial activity of cefoxitin was nearly equal to that of CEZ and CET against the 6 species of clinically isolated strains. Cefoxitin, furthermore, had an antibacterial activity against the strains of P. morganii resistant to CEZ and CET. 2. Cefoxitin was applied to a total of 17 patients including 6 cases of bronchitis, 5 of pneumonia, 2 of enteritis, and 1 each of pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis and lymphadenitis. The results showed an efficacy rate of 88%. In the 6 patients from whom the isolation of pathogenic organisms was possible, the bacteriological response to cefoxitin was appreciable the efficacy rate being 83%. Thus, it is considered that cefoxitin also has a significant antibacterial activity in vivo. 3. As to the side effects following the administration of cefoxitin, urticaria-like eruption was observed in 1 case, and an elevation of transaminase in another. These findings, however, became normal soon after discontinuation of cefoxitin treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The circadian change of gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo in fed rats.

The circadian change of gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo in fed rats was studied. Gluconeogenesis in the liver in vivo was determined by measuring the rate of synthesis of 14C-labeled blood glucose derived from a 14C-labeled substrate, such as lactate, pyruvate or an amino acid injected into nephrectomized rats. Gluconeogenesis in the liver from all substrates examined except glutamine was higher at 8:00 P.M. than at 8:00 A.M. in correspondence with the circadian rhythm of the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. These data indicate that hepatic gluconeogenesis shows a circadian change in response to changes in nutritional conditions in vivo.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1980

Lack of recovery of lung structure and function after the administration of beta-amino-propionitrile in the postnatal period.

We administered beta-amino-propionitrile (beta APN) intraperitoneally to rats from birth to 4 wk of age and allowed the animals to recover for a further 4 wk. Saline-injected rats of similar age and 8-wk-old noninjected rats served as comparison groups. We had previously shown that injections of beta APN during the first 4 wk of life produces animals with large lungs that have too few and too large alveoli, and that have lost elastic recoil. In this experiment, abnormalities persisted in the 4-wk recovery period so that at 8 wk of age, similar differences were noted. We have also been able to show that the loss of lung elastic recoil in beta APN-treated animals is due to an alteration in tissue forces. Intraperitoneal injection of saline alone produced animals with large lungs, and alterations in total alveoli number and size and pressure-volume characteristics. The last 3 findings were not as severe as in the betaAPN-treated animals. Damage to the lung in the early postnatal period may be irreversible, leading to structural and growth alterations in the lung, and predisposing the lung to injury in later life.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed1980

Changes in the molecular sieve of glomerular basement membrane in rats with aminonucleoside nephrosis.

Isolated and purified glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of normal and aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis rats were observed by electron microscopy after negative staining. Although GBM of normal rats appeared as a molecular sieve with uniform pores, GBM of nephrotic rats showed enlargement and elongation of the pores. For an average of fifty pores, the long dimension was 40.4+/-10.7 A and the short dimension 13.8+/-3.6 A in nephrosis whereas the long dimension was 12.3+/-2.5 A and the short dimension 8.4+/-1.0 A in normal rats. Changes in the pores in GBM were thought to result in increased permeability of serum protein and hence proteinuria.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effects of beta-aminopropionitrile on the growing rat lung.

beta-Aminopropionitrile (beta APN), 500 ng/g body weight was injected intraperitoneally into male rats every 2 days between 2 and 28 days after birth. The lungs were examined structurally and functionally and compared with the lungs of control animals given injections of saline and 28-day-old normal male rats which were not given injections. Lungs volumes, both distended with air at 30 cm H2O and with formalin at 25 cm H2O, were increased in beta APN-treated animals. The architecture of the lung was altered so that there was a large increase in the "core," or air internal to the alveoli of the walls of alveolar ducts and sacs. Animals given injections of beta APN had 40--56% fewer alveoli than those given saline injections and normal animals. Experimental animals had larger alveoli. The lungs or beta APN- treated animals were hypercompliant, and their pressure-volume curves were shifted upward and to the left. There were morphologic changes in collagen and elastic tissue, which were more apparent in the elastic tissue. Since beta APN interferes with the synthesis of elastin and collagen, it appears that alterations in the collagen--elastin network reduces alveolar multiplication in the postnatal period. Control animals given saline had abnormal lungs when compared with normal animals. Their alveoli were larger, and they had fewer alveoli per unit volume. Thus the lung may be sensitive to relatively minor insults in the postnatal period.

Aminopropionitrile↗
PubMed1979

Postnatal lung growth after repair of diaphragmatic hernia.

The lungs of two patients who died eight months and 64 months after repair of a left-sided diaphragmatic hernia on the first day of life were examined. Lung volumes were appropriate for the size of the children, and the ratio of right lung volume to left lung volume was also normal in both patients. The lungs, however, were grossly abnormal with evidence of enlargement and destruction of respiratory tissue. The left lung was affected more than the right in both subjects. In one patient the total number of alveoli in the lungs was similar to that of normal children of the same age, but this was because the right lung had more than twice as many alveoli as the left lung. It appears that alveolar multiplication is impaired after repair of diaphragmatic hernia. The number of bronchioles was reduced in the infant with very few alveoli, and there may have been too few bronchioles in the other patient.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1979

Ultrastructure of rat renal tubular basement membrane--meshwork structure demonstration by negative staining.

The tubular basement membrane (TBM) (i.e. tubular basal lamina) of rat kidney was shown to be a fine meshwork by electron microscopy after negative staining. Strands of the meshwork formed a regular three dimensional lattice work. The pores of the meshwork were polygonal. There were two main pore sizes: one approximately 30 A in diameter, the other 42--60 A. In view of our previous observation that glomerular and alveolar basement membranes were made up fine meshwork, it is quite possible that the basement membranes of other organs are also made up such fine meshwork.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Renal net glucose release in vivo and its contribution to blood glucose in rats.

This study describes the contribution of de novo glucose synthesis by the kidney to blood glucose homeostasis in rats. The net glucose release by the kidney in vivo was measured by an isotope-dilution method, which calculated the extent of dilution of injected [(14)C]glucose by glucose newly synthesized in the kidney. The extent of dilution was determined from the difference between the decrease of the actual blood glucose concentration and that of the radioactivity of [(14)C]glucose, after injecting [(14)C]glucose into functionally hepatectomized rats. The results indicate that the net glucose release by the kidney in vivo in normal fed rats was 0.75+/-0.13 mg/dl per min, and that its contribution to blood glucose was 25.9+/-5.0%. When unilateral nephrectomy was performed, under the same conditions, renal net glucose release was one-half of that in rats with two intact kidneys, which indicates the quantitative accuracy of the isotope-dilution method employed in this study. In rats starved for 24 h, the renal net glucose release increased to 0.99+/-0.08 mg/dl per min. Diabetic rats showed a remarkably higher renal net glucose of 2.28+/-0.33 mg/dl per min, which was 360% of the normal level. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin, restored the renal net glucose release to the normal level. In acidotic rats, renal net glucose release was as great as 1.03+/-0.15 mg/dl per min, which suggests that the acid-base balance participates in control of renal glucose output. Measurements every 6 h throughout the day showed that glucose was supplied from the kidney at a constant rate without any circadian rhythm. These data suggest that renal gluconeogenesis is of physiological importance in the maintenance of homeostasis of blood glucose.

Acidosis↗