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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Clinical study on aztreonam in pediatrics].

Efficacy and safety of aztreonam (AZT) for 31 cases of infections of children were studied with the following results. Clinical efficacy of AZT for 22 respiratory tract infections, 5 urinary tract infections and 2 gastrointestinal infections was "excellent" for 19 cases (65.5%), "good" for 9 cases (31.0%) and "poor" for 1 case (3.4%) with an overall effective rate of 96.6%. Microbiological effect of AZT for 19 isolated strains (15 cases) was 100% in disappearance of the Gram-negative bacteria and 89.5% on the whole. With regard to side effect of AZT in 31 cases, there was a slight elevation of GPT in 1 case and eosinophilia in 2 cases. It was considered from the above results that AZT is a useful and safe antibiotic for infections of children.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Lung changes resulting from intraperitoneal injections of porcine pancreatic elastase in suckling rats.

We administered 1 mg of purified porcine elastase per 100 g body weight intraperitoneally twice weekly to male rats during the first 4 wk of life. This altered the structure of the lungs so that the proportion of alveolar duct air (the "core" of air internal to the mouths of alveoli in alveolar ducts) increased and the proportion of alveolar air decreased. The alveolar surface-to-volume ratio was decreased, and the lungs had too few alveoli. The lungs were also hyperexpandable, containing more air and saline per gram of lung tissue. No biochemical alterations were noted in elastin or collagen content in elastase-treated animals. In a separate experiment, we showed that elastaselike activity appears in the blood 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of elastase and, although low, was still significantly raised 24 h after injection. We feel that elastase has interfered with lung growth and alveolar development by altering mainly the elastin in the collagen-elastin network. Intraperitoneal elastase injection at the time of active elastin synthesis and alveolar multiplication may be a suitable model to test the hypothesis that lungs injured in infancy may be more susceptible to damage in later life.

Animal Population Groups↗
PubMed1984

Role of change in vitamin D metabolism with age in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in normal human subjects.

This study describes the age-related changes of vitamin D metabolism and its related hormones, immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) and calcitonin (CT) in normal human subjects. The objective was to assess their roles in the changes in metabolism of calcium and phosphorus with age. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels declined linearly with age from newborn infants to older adults (r = -0.385, P less than 0.01; r = -0.568, P less than 0.01). The serum calcium and phosphorus levels in adults of 51 yr of age or more were significantly lower than those in children and younger adults of 50 yr of age or less (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.01), whereas the calcium and phosphorus levels in cord blood were significantly higher than those in children and younger adults (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.01). The serum concentration of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25-(OH)2-Vit D) did not change in children and younger adults, being 42.0 +/- 1.4 (SE) pg/ml, but it significantly decreased to 31.4 +/- 1.9 pg/ml in older adults (P less than 0.01). There were no significant age-related changes in the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) among children, younger adults and older adults. The concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites and DBP in cord serum were significantly lower than those in children and younger adults (P less than 0.01). Serum iPTH levels were higher in older adults (P less than 0.05) and lower in cord blood (P less than 0.1), compared with those in children and younger adults, whereas the serum CT level was higher in cord serum (P less than 0.01). No sex differences were found in the serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D metabolites, DBP, iPTH, and CT. The serum concentration of calcium or phosphorus did not correlate significantly with that of 1 alpha 25-(OH)2-Vit D by simple correlation analysis. Multivariate analysis, however, showed that the change in the serum concentration of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-Vit D, as well as iPTH and CT, contributed to their correlation with the change in the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. These data indicate that change in vitamin D metabolism might play some role in the age-related change of serum calcium and phosphorus levels in children and adults, but that calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the fetus might be regulated by some mechanisms other than vitamin D metabolism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Group I pepsinogen (PG I) in the serum and urine after total gastrectomy].

Since the origin of group I pepsinogen (PG I) is no other than gastric mucosa, PG I has been considered to disappear in total gastrectomized patients. We, however, have found proteolytic activity in the urine of one-half of total gastrectomized patients and the activity has proven to be PG I by both gel chromatography and agar gel electrophoresis. Serum and urine PG I levels also have been determined by radioimmunoassay in 40 subjects. PG I was detected in almost all of them and the mean level of serum was 4.17 ng/ml and that of urine was 32.2 ng/ml. The levels had no relation to age and sex but elevated in the patients with recurrent gastric cancer after total gastrectomy. A few possibilities can be considered as to the source of PG I after total gastrectomy, in which heterotopic gastric mucosa or gastric gland metaplasia is most possible. An interesting result in this study was that both serum and urine PG I levels elevated in the recurrent patients. This phenomena suggests that gastric cancer may produce PG I.

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMed1984

Human lung growth in late gestation and in the neonate.

We studied the lungs of 42 infants dying of obstetrical accidents, acute infections, and trauma, who ranged in age from 19 wk gestation to 3 wk postpartum at 42 wk gestation. The earliest lungs (19 to 20 wk gestation) had smooth-walled respiratory channels lined by cuboidal epithelium. Between 22 and 24 wk gestation with further development of the acinus, these channels took on a wavy internal configuration. After 28 wk gestation the air spaces (saccules) of the developing acinus became subdivided by secondary crests. Alveolar development began in some infants as early as 32 wk and was uniformly present by 36 wk. Respiratory bronchioles were not present in any of our cases, including those in the immediate postnatal period. Quantitative studies showed a rapid increase in lung volume and alveolar surface area beginning at about 28 wk gestation (crown-rump length, 25 cm) coinciding with increasing complexity of the saccules. Surface area, lung volume, and total number of alveoli showed an exponential relationship to gestational age and crown-rump length. Air-space wall thickness showed a rapid decline starting at 28 wk gestation and is best related exponentially to age and crown-rump length. Volume proportions of air spaces increased steadily throughout gestation. The increase in bronchial and bronchiolar air and air-space dimensions correlated relatively poorly with age, and nonparenchyma remained a relatively constant volume proportion, regardless of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Body Weight↗
PubMed1983

Successful dietary control of tyrosinemia II.

A Japanese girl, 2 years, 8 months of age, with palmoplantar keratosis and dendritic corneal opacities, showed increased tyrosine levels in the plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. The mental and physical growth was not retarded. The hepatorenal functions were within normal limits. Electron microscopically, the epidermal keratinocytes showed increased tonofibrils and no structures suggestive of tyrosine crystals. Cytosol and mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activities of the liver were greatly decreased, while p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate oxidase (p-HPPO) activity was not decreased. The plasma tyrosine levels were controlled for 3 years with low phenylalanine-tyrosine diet.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1983

Effect of glucocorticoids on renal net glucose release in vivo in normal and diabetic rats.

The effect of glucocorticoids on renal net glucose release in vivo in normal and diabetic rats was studied by the isotope-dilution method. Administration of hydrocortisone to normal fed rats increased renal net glucose release from 0.93 +/- 0.25 to 2.27 +/- 0.21 mg . dl-1 . min-1 and increased its contribution to blood glucose from 27.0 +/- 4.5 to 46.6 +/- 4.0%. The renal net glucose release and its contribution to blood glucose in adrenalectomized rats were 0.40 +/- 0.06 mg . dl-1 . min-1 and 16.3 +/- 1.4%, respectively, significantly less than those of normal control rats, and these parameters were raised to the levels of normal control rats by the administration of hydrocortisone. In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, the renal net glucose release and its contribution to blood glucose were significantly increased to 2.22 +/- 0.51 mg . dl-1 . min-1 and 46.7 +/- 4.9%, respectively, and these parameters were normalized by adrenalectomy. These data indicate that glucocorticoids play an important role in regulation of renal net glucose release and its contribution to blood glucose in both normal and diabetic rats.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1983

Changes in lung morphologic features and elasticity caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in growing rats.

Pressure-volume characteristics and morphologic changes were investigated in lungs of growing rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Lung elastic recoil examined with quasi-static, air-filled pressure-volume curves showed no significant differences from that in control rats at all lung volumes. No alterations of surfactant properties as measured by a surface balance were observed. A 24% increase in the volume proportion of alveolar wall was found in the lungs from diabetic rats. There was an increase in the relative amounts of collagen, elastin, and basal laminae in the alveolar wall. There were more alveoli per unit volume in the diabetic animals (49.12 X 10(5)) than in the control animals (39.80 X 10(5)) (p less than 0.05) and there was an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of the lungs of the diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical studies of T-1982 (cefbuperazone) in the field of pediatrics].

T-1982 (cefbuperazone), a new cephamycin antibiotic, was clinically and bacteriologically studied in 25 children with bacterial infections. The following results were obtained. 1. The antibacterial activity of T-1982 was determined against clinically isolated bacteria. T-1982 demonstrated excellent activity against Gram-negative bacilli, the MICs being less than 0.39 microgram/ml against E. coli and K. oxytoca, less than 1.56 microgram/ml against H. influenzae. 2. Clinical response was excellent or good in all 24 cases evaluated. The efficacy rate was 100%. 3. As for side effects associated with T-1982, slight and transient elevation of GOT, GPT and eosinophil, slight decrease of platelet and eruption were observed. From these results, T-1982 is considered to be a useful antibiotic for treating bacterial infections in children.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Clinical evaluation of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics].

Blood level of ampicillin (ABPC) after the administration of ABPC suppository (KS-R1) reached a peak in 15 approximately 60 minutes with the level of 300 ng/ml at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day. This level was almost the same as that after the intramuscular injection of ABPC, and higher than that after the oral administration of ABPC which were reported. The clinical effective rate (excellent and good) of KS-R1 was more the 95%, and the overall effective rate including bacteriological effect was more than 95%. It is concluded that KS-R1 is a useful drug for the treatment of bacterial infections in pediatric field.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Gluconeogenesis in the kidney in vivo in fed rats. Circadian change and substrate specificity.

The gluconeogenesis in the kidney in vivo in fed rats was studied by measuring the rate of synthesis of 14C-labeled blood glucose derived from 14C-labeled substrates injected into functionally hepatectomized rats. Among the substrates for the gluconeogenesis in the kidney examined, the most effective substrates were lactate, glycerol, pyruvate and glutamine, whose contributions to the renal gluconeogenesis were 54.0%, 26.5%, 4.1%, and 5.5% at 2:00 a.m., when the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [EC 4.1.1.32] was highest, and 50.0%, 31.0%, 5.3%, and 3.2% at 2:00 pm., when it was lowest. These findings showed that there was no significant daily change in the total renal gluconeogenesis. Based on these data, we propose as a working hypothesis that a major function of the renal gluconeogenesis, utilizing lactate, glycerol, pyruvate, and glutamine as preferred substrates, is to meet the constant minimum requirement for blood glucose in the brain.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1982

The relation between glucose tolerance and insulin binding to circulating monocytes in obese children.

The quantitative relation between insulin binding to circulating monocytes in vitro and glucose tolerance in obese children in vivo is reported. Sixty-one obese children and 11 healthy control children participated in this study. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed by giving them glucose (1.75 gm/kg of body weight), orally in the morning, and the binding of 125I-labeled insulin to circulating monocytes in vitro was measured prior to OGTT. The glucose tolerance expressed by sigma BS (milligrams/100 ml), the sum of the plasma glucose (blood sugar [BS]) values at OGTT, was significantly correlated with the degree of overweight (r = .316, P less than .01) and more highly with sigma IRI (microunits per milliliter), the sum of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) values at OGTT (r = .512, P less than .001). Insulin binding to monocytes in vitro (picograms/10(6) cells) was inversely correlated with the degree of overweight (r = -.687, P less than .001). Furthermore, sigma BS was inversely correlated significantly with insulin binding to monocytes in vitro (r = -.435, P less than .002). These data suggest that the decrease of insulin receptors might be one cause for the impairment of the glucose tolerance associated with obesity in children.

Blood Glucose↗