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Biomedical subjects

K Kida

Publications and source records attributed to K Kida.

232 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

The transport of vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. Isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D binding protein.

This study reports the isolation and partial characterization of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D binding protein (DBP), the specific transport protein for vitamin D and its 25-hydroxy metabolite in human plasma. DBP was labeled by the addition of a tracer amount of 3H-labeled 25-OH-D3 to the original plasma used for protein fractionation. Previous experiments have shown that such 25-OH-D3 added in vitro binds to the same protein normally responsible for the transport of endogenous 25-OH-D and of vitamin D. The isolation of human DBP was achieved by an extensive sequence of procedures which resulted in a final yield of only approximately 4 mg of purified DBP from a starting volume of 34 liters of plasma. Purified DBP was homogeneous in the analytical ultracentrifuge and showed a single band of protein on analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. DBP had a sedimentation constant of 3.49s and a mol wt of approximately 52,000. The molecular weight was assessed by sedimentation equilibrium analysis and also by sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc-gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration on a standardized column of Sephadex G-150. The amino acid composition of DBP was determined and was generally consistent with the estimated extinction coefficient (E1cm1% at 280 nm) of about 9.1. The isoelectric point of DBP was estimated as 4.8 from isoelectric focusing experiments. Direct study of the binding capacity of the purified DBP for added 25-OH-D3 showed that the isolated DBP had a high affinity for 25-OH-D3, with an apparent maximum binding capacity of one molecule of 25-OH-D3 per molecule of protein.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1976

Studies on the transport of vitamin D and of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in human plasma.

A study was conducted to investigate whether human plasma contains one or more than one protein for the transport of vitamin D and of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D). Serum was labeled in vivo with a mixture of radioactive vitamin D3 (derived from orally administered tracer vitamin D3) and of endogenously synthesized labeled 25-OH-D3. Samples of such serum were subjected to several different protein fractionation procedures. Only a single peak of protein-bound radioactivity was observed after each of these procedures. The fraction comprising the ascending and the descending limbs of the single peak of protein-bound radioactivity (after each procedure) were separately pooled. In each instance the ratio of radioactive 25-OH-D3 to radioactive vitamin D3 was found to be almost identical in both the ascending and the descending limbs. Taken together, these findings provide strong evidence that human serum contains only a single binding protein responsible for the normal transport of both vitamin D and 25-OH-D. Plasma labeled in vitro with added 3H-labeled 25-OH-D3 was subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and to chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and of SP-Sephadex. After each of these procedures a single peak of protein-bound radioactivity was observed, with elution profiles of protein and of radioactivity that were identical with those observed with in vivo labeled serum. These data indicate that tracer 25-OH-D3 added to plasma in vitro binds to the same plasma protein normally responsible for the transport of vitamin D and of 25-OH-D.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung growth in rats subsequent to administration of intraperitoneal elastase during the first 4 weeks of life.

Male rats received intraperitoneal injections of porcine pancreatic elastase twice weekly during the first 4 weeks of life. Saline-injected male rats served as controls. After a 4-week recovery period, the rats were sacrificed, and the excised lungs were studied using saline- and air-filled volume-pressure curves, morphology, and biochemistry. Both air- and saline-filled volume-pressure curves showed loss of elastic recoil in the elastase-treated animals. In elastase-treated animals the mean linear intercept was increased, the numbers of alveoli per unit area, per unit volume, and per lung decreased, and alveolar surface area decreased. These animals also showed a disproportionate increase of alveolar duct air at the expense of the proportion of alveolar air. Morphometric differences between the elastase-treated animals and the controls were somewhat smaller in this experiment than in a previous one in which the animals were sacrificed immediately after 4 weeks of intraperitoneal elastase. We attribute this difference to alveolar multiplication between 4 and 8 weeks of age. However, evidence is presented that these alveoli were abnormal. Loss of recoil properties was more evident after the 4-week recovery period than at the termination of elastase administration, suggesting that the newly formed alveoli were functionally abnormal. Collagen content was increased in the elastase group, but elastin was significantly decreased. This may be a good elastase model for assessing the hypothesis that lungs minimally damaged in infancy may have an increased susceptibility to environmental damage in later life.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of antibody titer to human and rat acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis.

Antibody titer to acetylcholine receptor (AChR Ab) was measured in 34 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) using an immunoprecipitation method with human and rat AChR as antigens, to study the reliability of these assay systems and the cross-reactivity between human and rat AChR. There was a good correlation in the titer of Ab to AChR between human and rat (P < 0.01) when Ab titers were expressed logarithmically. The titer of Ab to human AChR was higher in a group of patients with a high concentration of AChR Ab and lower in a group with a low concentration of AChR Ab than that to rat AChR. This indicates that there may be distinctive characteristics in AChR Ab between groups of patients with high and low concentrations of AChR Ab.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphological studies of growth and aging in the lungs of Fischer 344 male rats.

Observations by light microscopic morphometry and scanning electron microscopy were performed on the lungs from 86 specific pathogen-free Fischer 344 male rats between 1 day and 32 months of age. The distribution curve of the mean chord length of the gas exchanging area appeared as a single peak (approximately 70 microns) at day 1, and two peaks (approximately 50 and 90 microns) were seen at day 7 when the first alveoli appeared. At 3 months of age, the distribution curve peaks began to decrease gradually, becoming more flattened with a wide base to a maximum 200 microns. Between 27 and 32 months of age, ductectasia occurred and the alveolar surface appeared more irregular and rough, but no destruction of the alveolar wall was observed. From these observations, it was concluded that the first alveoli appear by 7 days of age in male Fischer 344 rats, that the alveolar size gradually increases after 3 months of age, and that ductectasia appears after 27 months of age. These changes might reflect changes in the matrix of the alveolar walls due to nutritional deterioration in old age, concomitant with cellular atrophy of this zone.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pulmonary rehabilitation program survey in North America, Europe, and Tokyo.

PURPOSE: To study a comparison of problems arising in pulmonary rehabilitation programs in North America, Europe, and Tokyo. METHODS: The survey instrument was a 13-item questionnaire sent in December 1994 to institutions in North America (n = 178), Europe (n = 179), and Tokyo (n = 399). RESULTS: Response rates were 51%, 40%, and 51% for North America, Europe, and Tokyo, respectively. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs were available at 56% of hospitals in North America and 74% in Europe, but at only 20% of hospitals in Tokyo. Most PRPs were conducted in an outpatient setting in North American (98%), whereas both outpatient (55%) and inpatient programs (65%) were adopted in Europe. Although the type of lung disease for which patients in both North America and Europe were referred to PRPs was mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, this accounted for only 34% of referrals in Tokyo. However, referrals for primary tuberculosis sequelae (P = 0.028) and bronchiectasis (P = 0.021) were more common in Europe, similar to the situation in Tokyo. The following PRP items were available at significantly higher rates in North America than in Europe, and most were unavailable in Tokyo: family education, psychological support, nutritional instruction, treadmill, bicycle ergometer, walking training, and increasing the activity of daily living. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in North America are more multidimensional. However, target diseases differ among North America, Europe, and Tokyo. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in Tokyo differed from those in North America and Europe and were poorly programmed. Problems arising in PRPs in the three regions include lack of staff and insufficient reimbursement.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sex reversal in a child with duplication of sex reversing locus on the short arm of the X chromosome (Xp).

We report a child with a female phenotype possessing a karyotype of 46,XY,13p+. The child had female external genitalia, and manifested severe mental retardation, pulmonary atresia and multiple congenital abnormalities. Laparoscopy revealed the presence of streak gonads and Müllerian structures. Histological examination of the gonads showed ovarian-like stroma with immature seminiferous tubules. Chromosome and gene analyses demonstrated Xp11.23 (or 11.3)-pter duplication and an intact sex determinating factor of Y (SRY). The findings of this case suggest that duplication of Xp causes sex reversal in the presence of SRY.

DNA-Binding Proteins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of growth hormone (GH) therapy on parathyroid hormone metabolism in a girl with GH deficient short stature and chronic renal failure.

During GH treatment of a 14 year-old girl with chronic renal failure and short stature, she developed hyperparathyroidism which was successfully treated by the oral agent 26,27-F6-1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (26,27-F6-1,25(OH)2vit D3). It is hypothesized that the elevation of serum PTH level was induced either by the rise in phosphorus levels induced by GH or by a direct stimulatory effect of IGF-I on PTH production. This seems to be the first report of this kind.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Transient late neonatal hypocalcemia with high serum parathyroid hormone.

We report two patients with transient late neonatal hypocalcemia. Serum examination showed low calcium (Ca), high phosphorus, high parathyroid hormone (PTH), normal 25-hydroxyvitamin D and low or normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2vitD) levels. PTH infusion test revealed normal cyclic AMP production. In these patients, 1,25(OH)2vitD production by PTH, or Ca mobilization from bone and Ca absorption from intestine by PTH and 1,25(OH)2vitD might have been disturbed transiently due to developmental immaturities. This is a new type of transient late neonatal hypocalcemia with high serum PTH levels.

Calcifediol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevention of diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice by short-term and high-dose IGF-I treatment.

This report describes the results of IGF-I treatment in a NOD mouse colony with a high incidence of overt diabetes. The animals were treated with IGF-I 17.9 nmol/day at 28-41 days of age and 35.9 nmol/day at 42-69 days of age and observed up to 280 days of age. Three of 12 (25%) IGF-I-treated animals developed diabetes compared with 8 of 11 (73%) controls (P < 0.05). The severity of insulitis at the conclusion of the follow-up was less pronounced in non-diabetic treated animals than in non-diabetic controls. These data support previous findings that IGF-I treatment protects the pancreatic beta-cells from destruction by diabetic autoimmunity in NOD mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in alveolar capillary formation in growing rat lung by repeated injections of a lathyrogen.

We hypothesized that abnormal capillary formation, which might be associated with an alteration in extracellular malular matrix (ECM), occurs in the alveoli of growing rat lungs treated with beta-aminopropionitrile (beta APN), a lathyrogen that inhibits lysyl oxidase activity. On scanning electron microscopy, a corrosion cast of alveolar capillaries in lungs treated with beta APN appeared abnormal in configuration; transmission electron microscopy showed extensive morphological changes in interstitial cells and ECMs, including collagen, elastin, and presumably glycosaminoglycans and, in binding water (GBW). Morphometric data revealed an increase in GBW of up to 24.4%, a decrease in the amount of collagen fiber (44.5%), and a decrease in lipid-laden interstitial cells; however, the change in elastin was limited to morphological appearance. From these observations, we conclude that alterations in alveolar capillary formation are associate with extensive changes in ECMs, and that these changes in ECM components might also be involved in the abnormal alveolar formations induced by beta APN.

Aminopropionitrile↗