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Biomedical subjects

K Kawabata

Publications and source records attributed to K Kawabata.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Bilateral fat necrosis of the breast: report of a case.

A rare case of bilateral fat necrosis of the breast is reported. The patient was a 50-year-old unmarried woman having no history of trauma, disease or surgery of the breast. In the bilateral breasts, ill-defined, firm masses with skin retraction were noted. Bilateral breast cancer was diagnosed clinically. However, both lesions showed histologically chronic granulomatous inflammation with foci of fatty necrosis, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, lipid containing foamy cells, foreign body giant cells engurfing choresterol-crystals, and calcification. "Paraffinoma" was thus suspected, but there was no history of cosmetic mammoplasty and histochemical studies failed to demonstrate saturated lipid indicating paraffin or other mineral oils.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1972

Specific inhibition of cell division by colicin E 2 without degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid in a new colicin sensitivity mutant of Escherichia coli.

A new class of colicin sensitivity mutants of Escherichia coli was isolated whose cell division was specifically inhibited by colicin E(2) without detectable degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at 30 C. The mutant could not form colonies in the presence of colicin E(2) but recovered colony-forming ability by trypsin treatment even after prolonged incubation with the colicin. Addition of colicin E(2) to the exponentially growing mutant inhibited cell division completely but did not induce degradation of DNA into cold acid-soluble materials nor any breakage of DNA strands. Synthesis of DNA in the mutant was not inhibited, and long filamentous cells with multiple nuclear bodies were formed by the action of colicin E(2). Degradation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid and development of prophage lambda, both of which were induced by colicin E(2) in the sensitive cells, did not occur in the mutant. At the elevated temperature, however, the mutant was found to undergo colicin-induced degradation of DNA. No differences in ultraviolet light nor drug sensitivities were observed in the mutant compared to the parent E. coli. The data suggested that colicin E(2) had a specific inhibitory effect on cell division of E. coli that was not a consequence of DNA degradation.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An automated method for the simultaneous determination of pravastatin and its main metabolite in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

A new method for the determination of pravastatin, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, and its main metabolite (R-416) in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure (negative ion) chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) is described. Pravastatin and R-416 in human plasma were isolated using solid phase extraction technique and analyzed by LC/APCI-MS. Selected ion monitoring was employed for selectivity and sensitivity, which enabled the quantification over a range of 0.625-80 mg/mL with acceptable precision and accuracy. No derivatization was required for these polar molecules. The retention times of the pravastatin, R-416 and the internal standard (R-1437) were 2.1, 2.5 and 3.9 min, respectively, with a total analysis time of 5 min. This method was validated and compared with the automated gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry procedure.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment for pulmonary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

PURPOSE: As locoregional control of head and neck cancer has improved, distant metastases have become increasingly common problems. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To determine the role of surgical treatment, we reviewed 32 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck who underwent thoracotomy for pulmonary metastases. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate was 32%. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with SCC of the oral cavity was significantly poorer than that of the patients with other primary site (15.4% v 45.2%; P = .01). In the patients with single nodule, extent of the tumor was a significant prognostic factor (P = .007). Mediastinal lymph node involvement (P = .004) and pleural invasion (P = .04) also correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: TNM classification of the primary tumor did not have an impact on survival in this study. Further studies of a large series should be performed to determine the indications and modalities of the surgical treatment for pulmonary metastases of the SCC of head and neck.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral blood flow in corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy.

To compare brain perfusion between corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), we investigated regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) semiquantitatively with single-photon emission computed tomography and [123I]iodoamphetamine in six patients with CBD and five with PSP. Compared with 12 age-matched control subjects, the average of the left and right rCBF values for the CBD patients was significantly reduced in the inferior prefrontal, anterior cingulate, medial premotor, sensorimotor, posterior parietal, and superior temporal cortices as well as in the basal ganglia and thalamus, whereas only the medial premotor cortex was significantly hypoperfused in the PSP patients. Compared with the PSP patients, the CBD patients showed significantly decreased rCBF in the inferior prefrontal, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortices, but not in the subcortical regions. Compared with the controls, interhemispheric differences of rCBF were significant in the inferior prefrontal, sensorimotor, and posterior parietal cortices of the CBD patients but in only the medial prefrontal cortex of the PSP patients. These results indicate that rCBF reductions are more extensive and asymmetric in CBD than in PSP, although the two diseases share medial frontal involvement.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of brain perfusion in corticobasal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease.

To compare brain perfusion between corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), we measured regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) semiquantitatively with single-photon emission computed tomography in 10 patients with CBD and 16 with AD. There was no significant difference in age or illness duration between the patients with CBD and AD. Mini-Mental State Examination scores were significantly lower in the AD patients than in the CBD patients. All CBD patients showed asymmetric akinetic-rigid syndrome and limb apraxia. Four CBD patients were demented, and 1 AD patient had parkinsonism. Compared with 12 age-matched control subjects, the average of the left and right rCBF values for the CBD patients was significantly reduced in the prefrontal, anterior cingulate (AC), medial premotor, sensorimotor (SM), posterior parietal (PP) and superior temporal (ST) cortices as well as in the basal ganglia (BG) and thalamus (Th), while the prefrontal, PP and ST cortices were significantly hypoperfused in the AD patients. In the CBD patients, rCBF was significantly less in the AC and SM cortices, and in the Th and BG, and significantly greater in the PP cortex than in the AD patients. Interhemispheric differences of rCBF in the inferior prefrontal and SM cortices were significantly greater in the CBD patients than the AD patients. It is concluded that rCBF comparison may aid in differentiating CBD from AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual and somatosensory evoked potentials in Parkinson's and Binswanger's disease.

To compare subcortical involvement of Parkinson's disease (PD) with that of Binswanger's disease (BD), we examined visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 29 patients with PD and 7 patients with BD and 11 control subjects. The patients with PD were divided into two groups: PD without dementia (nD-PD: n = 18) and PD with dementia (D-PD: n = 11). The D-PD patients showed significantly longer P100 latencies in VEPs compared with the nD-PD patients or controls. The P100 latencies were negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score in the PD patients. The BD patients showed significantly longer central conduction time (CCT) in SEPs (interpeak latency between N13 and N20 responses) compared with the nD-PD patients or controls. There was no correlation between CCT and MMSE score in the BD patients. These results suggest that PD has a predilection for sensory system involvement distinct from that of BD. In D-PD, the visual system seems more vulnerable than the somatosensory system, but almost the reverse is true of BD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twelve-month follow-up study of regional cerebral blood flow in Parkinson's disease.

Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 30 patients with Parkinson's disease using single-photon emission computed tomography and 123I-IMP demonstrated that hypoperfusion was relatively severer in the parietal cortex than other cortices before and after a 1-year follow-up period. The decline in the scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination was significantly correlated with the decrease in rCBF in the parietal cortex during the follow-up period. Our findings suggest that the parietal cortex is involved in the cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain perfusion imaging in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease demonstrated by three-dimensional surface display with 123I-iodoamphetamine.

We reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) surface images from data from single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with N-isopropyl-p[123I]-iodoamphetamine (123I-IMP) in 29 patients with Parkinson's disease, 16 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 11 normal control subjects. In patients with nondementing Parkinson's disease, perfusion defects were frequently found in the parietal cortical region at a threshold value of 65%. In demented Parkinson's disease patients, perfusion defects were frequently noted at threshold of 45-65%, and were more marked in the bilateral temporal and parietal cortices. In Alzheimer's disease, perfusion defects were similar to those found in dementing Parkinson's disease. These results suggest that dementia in Parkinson's disease is related to the perfusion reduction of the temporoparietal cortex, and may support the view that Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease overlap in some patients. A 3D display of an 123I-IMP brain tomogram may be useful for detecting cortical lesions in patients with dementia or cognitive impairment.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral blood flow and dementia in Parkinson's disease.

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in 27 patients with Parkinson's disease using single-photon emission computed tomography and N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine as a tracer. Their CBF pattern was compared with that of seven patients with Alzheimer's disease and nine age-matched neurologically normal controls. Tracer activity was determined in seven bilateral cerebellar, cortical, and subcortical regions and was expressed as the ratio of activity in each region to the mean tracer activity in the cerebellar region. Nineteen patients with nondemented Parkinson's disease showed significantly decreased tracer activity ratio in the frontal and temporal cortices, basal ganglia, and thalamus compared with that in controls. The eight demented Parkinson's disease patients showed significantly decreased tracer activity ratio in the temporal and parietal cortices compared with the patients without dementia, and demonstrated CBF pattern similar to that of patients with Alzheimer's disease. These findings suggest that in patients with Parkinson's disease, the mechanism of CBF reduction of the frontal cortical region differs from that in the temporoparietal cortical region and support the concept that Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease may overlap in some patients.

Aged↗