People's experience versus people's expectations.
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Consumer Behavior↗
Biomedical subjects
K Kawabata
Publications and source records attributed to K Kawabata.
Multimodal evoked potentials in Binswanger's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Short-latency somatosensory, brainstem auditory evoked potentials and event-related potentials were studied in 9 patients with Binswanger's disease (BD), 14 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 17 normal subjects. Patients with BD had a significantly longer interpeak latency between N13 and N20 (CCT), longer interpeak latency between waves I and V (I-V IPL) and longer P300 latency than normal subjects. In particular, CCT was significantly longer in patients with BD than in those with AD. In patients with AD, only I-V IPL and P300 latency were significantly longer in normal subjects. These results demonstrate an electrophysiological difference between BD and AD.
Aged↗
Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in rats by natural compounds, caffeine, quercetin and morin.
The modifying effects of dietary administration of natural compounds, caffeine, quercetin and morin, which are present in our daily food, on the development of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were investigated in rats and compared to that of a metabolic inhibitor of AOM, disulfiram. Male F344 rats were given s. c. injections of AOM (15 mg/kg body weight) once a week for 3 weeks to induce ACF. They also received the experimental diets containing one of test compounds (500 ppm) for 5 weeks, starting one week before the first dosing of AOM. At the termination of the study (week 5), AOM exposure produced 101.0+/-10.2 ACF/rat. Disulfiram almost completely inhibited ACF development (0.60+/-0.90, 99% reduction). Dietary administration of test compounds caused significant reduction in the frequency of ACF: caffeine (70.4+/-16.6, 30% reduction), quercetin (53.0+/-8.4, 48% reduction) and morin (37. 6+/-18.1, 63% reduction). Numbers of cells positive for proliferative cell nuclear antigen in ACF and surrounding crypts were lowered by feeding of test compounds. Feeding of these test compounds also suppressed polyamine content in the colonic mucosa and blood as did disulfiram. These findings might indicate possible chemopreventive effects of caffeine, quercetin and morin, through their modulation of cell proliferation activity in crypt cells, on colon tumorigenesis.
Animals↗
Chemopreventive effects of ferulic acid on oral and rice germ on large bowel carcinogenesis.
Effects of ferulic acid (FA) known as a major constituent of rice bran or germ on 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced oral carcinogenesis were examined in 4 groups of male rats. The incidences of tongue carcinomas and preneoplastic lesions (severe dysplasia) in rats of the group given FA in the diet at a dose of 500 ppm after exposure to 4NQO for 5 weeks in drinking water at a dose of 20 ppm, was significantly lower on termination of the experiment (32 weeks) in the group with the carcinogen alone (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001 respectively). The results suggest chemopreventive activity for this phenolic compound on oral cancer. Modifying effects of rice germ on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were also examined, in 8 groups of male F344 rats. Numbers of ACF/colon, ACF/cm2 and aberrant crypts/colon in the group treated with AOM (15 mg/kg s.c. once a week for 3 weeks) and gamma-amino butylic acid (GABA)-enriched defatted rice germ (2.5% in diet) or the group with AOM and rice germ (2.5% in diet) were smaller than those of the group with AOM alone (P < 0.005). Exposure to defatted rice germ or rice germ during the initiation phase or the post-initiation phase also decreased incidences of AOM-induced large bowel neoplasms (P < 0.05). These results suggest chemopreventive potential for rice germ on colonic neoplasia.
4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide↗
[A case of mononeuritis multiplex associated with type I (monoclonal) IgG kappa cryogloblinemia].
We here reported a fifty-three year-old woman with mononeuritis multiplex, associated with type I cryoglobulinema induced IgG kappa MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance). She first experienced numbness in the extremities, that showed stepwise deterioration for several weeks. The nerve conduction study revealed axonal neuropathy, and laboratory examination detected type I cryoglobulinema. The sural nerve biopsy demonstrated with severe axonal degeneration with focal accentuation, lacking any inflammatory response. Single cryofiltration definitely stopped the progression of the symptoms. The prompt clinical response to the removal of cryoglobulin, without the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs, confirmed the direct etiological correlation between type-1 cryoglobulin and the neuropathy, and may favor ischemic, rather than inflammatory nature of this rare type of neuropathy.
Cryoglobulinemia↗
Antitumor activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in human digestive organ cancer xenografts and pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in normal and neoplastic tissues from human digestive organs.
5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) is believed to be metabolized to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PyNPase). PyNPase activity is reported to be higher in neoplastic tissues than in normal tissues, and this has been proposed as an explanation for the selective cytotoxicity of 5'-DFUR against tumors. In the present study, PyNPase activity was measured in 95 neoplastic and normal specimens from human digestive organ tissues. In specimens from the esophagus, stomach, intestine and pancreas, PyNPase activity was higher in neoplastic tissues than in normal tissues. However, PyNPase activity in non-malignant liver tissues, especially cirrhotic liver tissues, was much higher than in the normal tissues of the other digestive organs. PyNPase activity in non-malignant liver tissues was a high as in primary liver tumors, and PyNPase activity in metastatic liver tumors was lower than in primary tumors and non-malignant cirrhotic tissues. The in vivo antitumor activities of oral 5'-DFUR and intravenous 5-FU were also assessed in 6 human digestive organ cancer xenograft lines transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice, and the relationship between the in vivo antitumor effects of 5'-DFUR and PyNPase activity in the tumors was assessed. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between them. Although the in vivo antitumor effect of intravenous 5-FU correlated significantly with the in vitro sensitivity of the tumors to 5-FU (assessed by DNA synthesis inhibition assay), the in vivo effects of 5'-DFUR did not correlate with the in vitro sensitivity to 5-FU. It is suggested that: (a) the liver may be the major site for metabolizing 5'-DFUR to 5-FU, and (b) measuring PyNPase activity in the tumor may not be a useful indicator for chemotherapy with 5'-DFUR.
Adenocarcinoma↗
The role of additional chemotherapy with oral UFT in intravenous combination chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for human gastric cancer xenograft lines of well- and poorly- differentiated adenocarcinomas transplanted in nude mice.
In order to assess the role of maintenance chemotherapy with the oral anticancer agent UFT, a mixture of uracil and futraful, in the intensive intravenous chemotherapy for gastric cancer, nude mice transplanted with human gastric cancer xenografts were treated with intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP), alone or in combination, with or without the oral anticancer agent UFT. UFT was given at its maximal clinical dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight daily for 2 weeks, while 5-FU and/or CDDP was intravenously administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg and 1.8 mg/kg of body weight respectively once a week, alone or in combination, for two weeks. The results revealed that 5-FU or CDDP alone were ineffective for both GC-YN, a well differentiated adenocarcinoma line, and GC-SF, a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma line; however, UFT was effective for GC-SF. In combinations, only the three-agent combination 5-FU + CDDP + UFT (FPU) was effective for GC-YN; however, all the two-agent combinations and FPU were effective for GC-SF. FPU significantly suppressed the growth of GC-YN much more than all the other treatment groups. In contrast, although all combinations as well as UFT alone were effective for GC-SF, there was no significant difference among these effective groups. Moreover, no side effects were noted in combined use of UFT. This study suggests that oral UFT as a maintenance treatment may be beneficial in the combination chemotherapy for human gastric cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Splenectomy abolishes antitumor effect of immunotherapy with streptococcal preparation, OK-432, on mouse liver tumors.
In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of oral and subcutaneous administration of OK-432 prior to or following the transplantation of murine liver tumors. In addition, the effect of splenectomy on the antitumor activity of OK-432 was investigated. Mice which received OK-432 orally prior to tumor transplantation exhibited significantly lower tumor weight and significantly improved survival, when compared to the control mice. Prior subcutaneous injection of OK-432 did not show any antitumor activity. On the other hand, both oral and subcutaneous administration of OK-432, subsequent to tumor transplantation, led to a significant improvement of survival and a decrease in the number of lung metastases, although tumor weight was not affected. The anti-tumor effect of OK-432 required the presence of the spleen, since the survival of the mice with liver tumors was not improved by OK-432 if splenectomy and tumor transplantation were performed simultaneously. These results suggest that immunotherapy with OK-432 may beneficial in the treatment of liver tumors and that these effects are dependent on the presence of the spleen.
Animals↗
Relationship of in vivo antitumor activities of fluorinated pyrimidines to thymidylate synthase activity and intratumoral concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and uracil.
MOPC-104E plasmacytomas were subcutaneously transplanted into BALB/c mice and after 7 days the mice were administered different fluorinated pyrimidines at 4 times the clinical doses, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 15 mg/kg), tegafur (FT, 100 mg/kg) or UFT (FT, 20 mg/kg + uracil, 44.8 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. Tumor growth was most effectively inhibited in the UFT group. The % inhibition of tumor growth on day 14, while not correlating with the concentration of 5-FU in the tumor, negatively correlated with the concentration of uracil, which was lowest in the UFT group. The activity of thymidylate synthase (TS) was measured using a 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) binding assay. The total and free TS activities in the tumor negatively correlated with the % inhibition of tumor growth, and were lowest in the UFT group. However, the % inhibition of TS activity in the tumor, which was about 80% in all 3 groups, did not correlate with the tumor-inhibitory effect. These results suggest that uracil in the tumor may play an important role in the metabolism of fluorinated pyrimidines, and that exogeneously administered uracil may decrease the amounts of uracil and TS in the tumor, and subsequently cause 5-FU accumulation.
Animals↗
Eruption of an impacted second premolar after marsupialization of a large dentigerous cyst: case report.
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Bicuspid↗
A 14-year-old patient with Ewing's sarcoma presenting at autopsy with multiple neurofibrillary tangles and Lewy bodies in addition to hemiatrophy of the central nervous system.
The autopsy findings of a 14-year-old Japanese girl with Ewing's sarcoma, who had multiple neurofibrillary tangles and Lewy bodies and hemiatrophy of the central nervous system (CNS), are reported. She had retinoblastoma of her right eye 8 months after birth, which was treated with chemotherapy and irradiation (40 Gy), twice, seizures 1 year and 2 months after birth, and thereafter severe mental retardation. She showed left hemiparesis after a febrile seizure at the age of 7 years and CT disclosed the right cerebral hemiatrophy. For the last 2 years of life she suffered from Ewing's sarcoma. Extrapyramidal signs were absent. Neuropathologically, tangles consisting of paired helical filaments were distributed symmetrically in virtually all the grey matter. They were particularly numerous in the frontal cortex and substantia nigra, but sparse in the nucleus of Meynert, hippocampus, and brainstem. Several Lewy bodies, which were ultrastructurally identical to those seen in Parkinson's disease, were present in the substantia nigra (more on the left than right) and locus coeruleus. Morphometrically, the number and size of substantia nigral neurons were reduced, the reduction in the latter being more marked than the former, but the melanin pigment contents and shapes of the remaining neurons appeared normal. The right cerebral hemiatrophy with contralateral cerebellar hemiatrophy may have been attributable to irradiation. Although our patient did not have parkinsonism, her features resembled those of a 28-year-old autopsy case reported by Popovich et al. [1987].
Adolescent↗
Anticancer chemosensitivity and growth rate of freshly separated human colorectal cancer cells assessed by in vitro DNA synthesis inhibition assay.
The present study was designed to assess the chemosensitivity profile of freshly separated colorectal cancer cells and to screen effective agents for the design of new combination regimens. The DNA synthesis and chemosensitivity (% inhibition of DNA synthesis by the anticancer agent) were successfully assessed in 184 samples (107 primary and 77 metastatic or recurrent lesions) from 152 patients with colorectal cancer using an 3H-thymidine incorporation assay, and the correlations between these two measures and various clinicopathological factors were analysed. DNA synthesis was highest in nodal metastasis followed by malignant effusion, primary lesion, liver metastasis, and local recurrence. DNA synthesis liver metastasis and local recurrence were significantly lower than in other lesions. The results of the chemosensitivity assay are as follows: 5-FU seems to be the most beneficial for primary colorectal cancer; carboquone (CQ), etoposide (VP-16), 5-FU, and mitomycin-C (MMC) for nodal metastasis; CQ, cisplatin (CDDP), 5-FU, adriamycin (ADR) and VP-16 for malignant effusion; and VP-16, CDDP and CQ for liver metastasis. However, the present results showing the chemosensitivity profiles in different lesions suggest that regimens including 5-FU with VP-16 and CQ in addition to MMC or ADR may be applicable for all kinds of colorectal cancer lesions. These results demonstrated the heterogeneity in the chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer, which suggests not only the necessity of patient-specific chemotherapy dependent on the sensitivity assay, but also the usefulness of the present results in the choice of agents for widely applicable combination regimens for colorectal cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents↗